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“河口”一词源于拉丁语“潮汐出没之地”，潮汐作为塑造沿海生态与水文过程的关键力量，不仅控制着湿地分布、调节咸淡水混合范围，还深刻影响着沿海城市饮用水安全、三角洲农业灌溉乃至风暴潮洪水风险，但长期以来，由于河流地形复杂、原位观测站稀疏，加上传统卫星测高覆盖不足，全球多数河流的潮汐影响范围始终是未解之谜。

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（图片来源：美国国家航空航天局）

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