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在传统物理学的视角下,量子效应通常被认为只能存在于接近绝对零度的实验室真空里。一旦进入“温暖而湿润”的生物环境,脆弱的量子相干性会迅速崩塌。然而,大自然似乎掌握着某种人类尚未完全解开的秘籍——从候鸟跨越半个地球的磁航向,到植物高效的光合作用,生命体内部似乎正发生着某种精密的量子计算。

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(图片来源:《Nature Photonics》

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磁共振控制技术让生物分子变为“量子传感器”
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科技导报 | 科技新闻 2026,44(6): 11-11
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科技导报 |科技新闻 2026 , 44 (6) : 11 -11
磁共振控制技术让生物分子变为“量子传感器”
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    出版时间: 2026-03-28
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    在传统物理学的视角下,量子效应通常被认为只能存在于接近绝对零度的实验室真空里。一旦进入“温暖而湿润”的生物环境,脆弱的量子相干性会迅速崩塌。然而,大自然似乎掌握着某种人类尚未完全解开的秘籍——从候鸟跨越半个地球的磁航向,到植物高效的光合作用,生命体内部似乎正发生着某种精密的量子计算。

    . 磁共振控制技术让生物分子变为“量子传感器”. 科技导报, 2026 , 44 (6) : 11 -11 .
    . Science & Technology Review, 2026 , 44 (6) : 11 -11 .
    在传统物理学的视角下,量子效应通常被认为只能存在于接近绝对零度的实验室真空里。一旦进入“温暖而湿润”的生物环境,脆弱的量子相干性会迅速崩塌。然而,大自然似乎掌握着某种人类尚未完全解开的秘籍——从候鸟跨越半个地球的磁航向,到植物高效的光合作用,生命体内部似乎正发生着某种精密的量子计算。
    斯坦福大学Shaun C. Burd领衔的团队,首次实现了在活体转基因多细胞生物中,利用磁共振调控自旋相关自由基对(spincorrelated radical pairs,SCRPs)的动力学,为量子生物学与生物分子远程调控领域提供了关键实验证据。2026年3月18日,相关研究成果发表于《Nature》。
    这项研究的科学根源可以追溯到半个世纪前的“自旋化学”。科学家发现,某些涉及电子转移的化学反应会受到微弱磁场的影响,其核心机制被称为“自由基对机制”。简单来说,当光线照射到某些特定蛋白质时,会激发出成对的电子,其自旋状态决定了最终化学反应的产出。长期以来,这一理论被认为是候鸟利用视网膜中的隐花色素蛋白感知地磁场的物理基础,但由于活体信号极难捕捉,它一直停留在“高度疑似”的假说阶段。
    此次突破的创新之处在于,研究团队另辟蹊径,不再苦苦寻找自然界微弱的磁感受器,而是将目光投向了分子生物学中极其成熟的工具——红色荧光蛋白(red fluorescent protein,RFP)。研究人员发现,这种广泛用于细胞成像的蛋白,在特定条件下竟然也是一种性能卓越的“量子传感器”。通过基因工程手段,他们让秀丽隐杆线虫表达这种特制的荧光蛋白,从而在这些透明的小生灵体内,埋设了一台台能够实时监测量子自旋状态的“微型发报机”。
    实验的技术核心是一种被称为“反应产率检测磁共振”的精密干预手段。当研究人员给线虫施加特定频率的射频磁场(类似核磁共振的原理)时,奇妙的事情发生了:线虫体内的红色荧光强度随之发生了可观测的改变。这意味着,人类可以像拨动收音机旋钮一样,通过外部磁场直接干预活体蛋白质内部电子自旋的演化方向。这一瞬间,磁场不再只是背景噪音,而是一个精准的“远程遥控器”,能够跨过生物组织的屏障,直接修改分子的功能状态。
    这种“量子调控”之所以具有划时代的意义,是因为它解决了生命科学中的一个重大痛点:如何在不损伤组织的情况下进行深度探测。目前临床常用的光学成像虽分辨率高,但光线会被皮肤和组织散射,难以深入体内;而磁共振成像(magnetic resonance imaging,MRI)虽穿透力强,却难以提供细胞级的分子细节。这项技术完美融合了二者的优势,通过磁场进行深度渗透,再通过荧光信号获取分子层面的实时动态,为开发“光学检测MRI”这种新型混合成像技术开辟了通途。
    除了医学影像,该技术还为跨学科研究提供了巨大的想象空间。在合成生物学领域,科学家可以利用这种磁敏感蛋白作为“磁遗传学”的开关。未来我们或许只需在体外施加一个特定的磁场信号,就能远程开启体内特定细胞的基因表达,或者控制神经元的放电,实现对生物功能的数字化操控。这不仅比现有的光遗传学(需要植入光纤)更加无创,而且具有极高的空间选择性。
    (来源:《Nature》)

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    小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
    多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
    红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
    小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
    光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
    红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
    栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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