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在全球能源结构向碳中和转型的宏大背景下，光伏技术作为最经济、最清洁的可再生能源形式，正经历从晶硅时代向薄膜叠层时代的战略跨越。金属卤化物钙钛矿太阳能电池（PSCs）凭借其卓越的光电特性、低成本溶液加工优势以及快速攀升的能量转换效率，已成为下一代光伏技术的绝对核心。然而，钙钛矿材料本质上的离子特性使其在面对热、光、湿等外部应力时表现出显著的不稳定性，特别是电荷传输界面处的能级失配、缺陷辅助复合以及离子迁移，始终是制约其商业化进程的“阿喀琉斯之踵”。

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