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出版时间: 2025-04-13
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2024年年底,科学家Emma看到一则密西西比大学药学院教职招聘信息,以为如愿找到了理想工作。当初,这位事业刚起步的化学家(本文采用化名)从欧洲背井离乡,远赴美国开展学术生涯,并决心扎根于此。

. 海外高校视美国“人才外流”为机遇. 科技导报, 2025 , 43 (7) : 13 -13 .
Offord Catherine. Science & Technology Review, 2025 , 43 (7) : 13 -13 .
2024年年底,科学家Emma看到一则密西西比大学药学院教职招聘信息,以为如愿找到了理想工作。当初,这位事业刚起步的化学家(本文采用化名)从欧洲背井离乡,远赴美国开展学术生涯,并决心扎根于此。
但在通过申请审核后,她开始被各种顾虑所困扰。她坦言,“政府勒令废除(多元化、公平与包容)政策,媒体上每天充斥着联邦雇员遭解雇、科研经费被冻结的各种新闻”。这种对未来科研资金断供的担忧,以及可能对高校产生的连锁冲击,最终迫使其在3月“决定撤回申请……,尽管这是一份理想的工作”。
Emma现计划返回欧洲。她的情况并非个例:全球多所高校称,特朗普上台后,美国科研生态面临的不确定因素日益增多,导致科研人才纷纷逃离美国,海外求职申请显著增加。部分国家及机构试图借此吸引新人才,扭转近几十年科研人才持续流向美国的局面。
法国是招贤纳士最为迅速的国家之一。2025年3月初,艾克斯-马赛大学发起“科学安全之地”计划,拟拨款1500万欧元资助约15名科研人员。校方发言人透露,目前已收到50余份申请,并且该校“已经接待了一名科研人员”来访。另一所法国高校巴黎萨克雷大学则向《Science》表示,该校可能会扩展或新增资助项目,以充分接纳来自美国的科研人才。据法新社报道,法国高等教育与研究部长近日敦促各高校提出吸引美国科研人才的“具体方案”。
部分国家的举措更为直接。在特朗普政府威胁取消对哥伦比亚大学4亿美元联邦拨款后,北京大学神经生物学家、首都医科大学前校长饶毅主动联系该校科研人员,表示愿意提供帮助。据《Science》所知,他在一封邮件中写道,“对于如此大规模的资助及合约取消,我深表遗憾”,并表示“如有任何优秀科研人才……需要从事科研工作的稳定环境,欢迎随时联系”。
在《Science》调研中,多所国外顶尖科研机构表示暂未制定针对美国科研人员的专项招募计划,部分机构对此事不予置评。但即便是未开展专项招募的高校,仍能感受到科研人员“离美潮”带来的影响。巴塞罗那大学校方发言人透露,2025年该校收到大量来自美国的求职申请,其中尤以考虑返欧的欧洲籍科研人才为主。
洛桑大学肿瘤学家、欧洲癌症研究协会候任主席Johanna Joyce表示,自2025年1月以来,其实验室收到来自美国科研人员的自荐申请数量激增5倍,这表明,“美国及全球科研人才未来面临的职业前景正急速恶化”。
一些政策专家呼吁各国政府加大吸引美国科研人才力度。澳大利亚战略政策研究所战略与研究部主任Danielle Cave力主澳大利亚为美国顶尖科研人才提供快速签证通道,挪威等国也在讨论类似方案。她强调,若不能把握这一人才流动趋势,“无疑将错失宝贵机遇”。
但在离美求职过程中,科研人才可能面临残酷现实。麦吉尔大学知识产权政策中心主任Richard Gold指出,尽管加拿大强烈呼吁科研机构接纳来自美国的人才,但高等教育正遭遇大幅经费削减。近期,该校宣布削减4500万加元经费,并裁员250余人,以应对资金赤字。英国许多高校也正在裁员,根据英国高等教育监管机构发布的一份报告,到2026年,72% 的高校可能陷入财政赤字。
目前,美国科研生态仍充满不确定性,特朗普政府的部分政策遭法院驳回,或在一定程度上出现逆转。政策全面影响可能延至秋季高校招聘季才能显现。但如果大批科研人才决心离开美国,各国恐难充分吸纳,Richard Gold对此十分担忧。他警告称,这一形势最终可能导致全球科研人才流失,“我最担忧的问题是,我们可能会失去整整一代科研人才”。
(译自《Science》,2025,387(6740))

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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