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结构化超材料（由定制几何形状产生的不同寻常的人造结构）能按照设想的方式引导形变和能量流动。超材料的一个子集，“声子带隙”超材料，通过操纵机械波与材料周期性结构的相互作用，可以反射、散射或吸收能量。特定频率范围内的波无法穿过这种材料，从而产生声子带隙。这种效应可用于声学成像、声学隐形、抗冲击和能量收集等技术。结构化超材料是人工制造的，自然界是否存在类似现象? 2025年2月7日发表在《Science》的一项研究称，螳螂虾指节棒具有声子带隙，可过滤特定频率的应力波。这表明天然材料同样可以呈现出在人工超材料中观察到的声子行为，从而为设计仿生和生物混合声子带隙材料开辟了更大的可能性。

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（图片来源：《Science》）

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