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植物细菌性病害每年导致全球农作物损失高达数百亿美元,而传统铜制剂和抗生素因耐药性、环境污染等问题,难以大规模应用。2025年2月28日,中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所周俭民团队联合北京大学雷晓光团队,鉴别出一种全新植物抗病代谢物——芥酸酰胺,为绿色生物农药开辟了新方向。该成果发表于《Science》。

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    植物细菌性病害每年导致全球农作物损失高达数百亿美元,而传统铜制剂和抗生素因耐药性、环境污染等问题,难以大规模应用。2025年2月28日,中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所周俭民团队联合北京大学雷晓光团队,鉴别出一种全新植物抗病代谢物——芥酸酰胺,为绿色生物农药开辟了新方向。该成果发表于《Science》。

    . 新型植物代谢物迫使致命病原菌“缴械投降”. 科技导报, 2025 , 43 (6) : 16 -7 .
    . Science & Technology Review, 2025 , 43 (6) : 16 -7 .
    植物细菌性病害每年导致全球农作物损失高达数百亿美元,而传统铜制剂和抗生素因耐药性、环境污染等问题,难以大规模应用。2025年2月28日,中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所周俭民团队联合北京大学雷晓光团队,鉴别出一种全新植物抗病代谢物——芥酸酰胺,为绿色生物农药开辟了新方向。该成果发表于《Science》。
    三型分泌系统(T3SS)是病原细菌的核心“武器”,能够向植物细胞注入毒性效应蛋白。联合团队发现,芥酸酰胺在植物免疫激活后大量积累,可精准抑制T3SS组装的关键环节——其特异结合于该系统外膜组分HrcC蛋白,阻断该复合体定位至细菌外膜,导致“矛尖”(注射装置)无法组装,从而失去致病活性。
    与传统抗病化合物直接杀死细菌的策略不同,芥酸酰胺仅破坏病原菌的致病力,不易引发抗药性。研究表明,其对水稻白叶枯病、番茄青枯病、猕猴桃溃疡病等多种细菌病害具有广谱抗性,且在水稻、大豆等作物中天然存在。通过化学修饰实验,团队进一步确认其核心活性结构,为后续药物设计与作物抗病基因编辑提供了分子模板。
    (综合《Science》、《中国科学报》、中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所官网)

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    2种不同金属材料的力学参数

    Family
    属数
    Number of
    genus
    种数
    Number of
    species
    占总种数比例
    Percentage of
    total species (%)

    Genus
    种数
    Number of
    species
    占总种数比例
    Percentage of total
    species (%)
    鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
    小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
    多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
    红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
    小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
    光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
    红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
    栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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