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地球物理学家认为,地球中间层是“迟钝”的。地壳因板块构造而断裂扭曲,地核搅动液态铁并产生地球磁场。在二者间的地幔当中,一条2900 km长的高温高压岩石带正在缓慢对流,形态宛若一盏超大号熔岩灯。对地震波的研究表明,除了自下而上贯穿地幔的热岩石羽流和自上而下滑向地核的地表板块残余物之外,地幔当中几乎没有其他结构。

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(图片来源:摄图网)

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地球“迟钝”的中间区域出现新动向
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Voosen Paul
科技导报 | 科技新闻 2025,43(5): 11-11
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科技导报 |科技新闻 2025 , 43 (5) : 11 -11
地球“迟钝”的中间区域出现新动向
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Voosen Paul
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地球物理学家认为,地球中间层是“迟钝”的。地壳因板块构造而断裂扭曲,地核搅动液态铁并产生地球磁场。在二者间的地幔当中,一条2900 km长的高温高压岩石带正在缓慢对流,形态宛若一盏超大号熔岩灯。对地震波的研究表明,除了自下而上贯穿地幔的热岩石羽流和自上而下滑向地核的地表板块残余物之外,地幔当中几乎没有其他结构。

Voosen Paul. 地球“迟钝”的中间区域出现新动向. 科技导报, 2025 , 43 (5) : 11 -11 .
Voosen Paul. Science & Technology Review, 2025 , 43 (5) : 11 -11 .
然而,新的研究提出了不同见解:一个神秘的地幔层被发现。地幔的流动模式复杂多变,有些到达地幔表面,有些则在下方停滞,就像一锅被不规则搅动的沸腾土豆浓汤。亚利桑那州立大学矿物学家Dan Shim表示,科研人员之前认为大部分地幔非常“迟钝”,但现在我们开始观察到其中的复杂动向。
地球物理学家通过测量地震波穿过地幔时的速度变化创建行星CT扫描,进而粗略重构地球内部结构。《Nature》杂志10年前发表的一篇突破性论文,指出超高温岩石羽流可从地幔底部一直上升到地壳,成为夏威夷等热点地区的热源。但该论文及之后的其他论文也强调,尽管部分羽流能够抵达地壳,但许多羽流(连同下沉板块)也在不同地点停滞并扁平化。堪萨斯州立大学地球物理学家Claudia Adam称,“一切都要从观察这些扁平板块和扁平羽流开始。”
660 km深处出现第一个停滞点。从地球物理学的角度来看,这是合理的:地震波在这一深度能够均匀改变速度,导致尖晶橄榄石(橄榄状,上地幔的主要矿物)因巨大压力分解成另外两种矿物。但研究人员对1000 km深处的另一个停滞点感到困惑,因为这里并未发现地幔矿物转变,也未检测地震速度变化。
然而,肯塔基大学地球物理学家Keely O'Farrell和其研究生Yuping Wang 2024年年底在美国地球物理学会会议发表报告称,1050 km深处的地幔性质正在发生变化,他们将这一深度视为中地幔过渡带(middle mantle transition zone,MMTZ)的开始。
(译自《Science》,2025,387(6734))

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  • 首发时间:2025-04-11
  • 出版时间:2025-03-13
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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species
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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