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在无氧无光的地球深处，细菌和古菌相互协作、顽强生存，通过分解有机物并持续产生甲烷，默默推动着地球碳素循环。但是，两者的分工模式一直是个未解之谜。2025年1月30日，农业农村部成都沼气科学研究所厌氧微生物承磊团队与日本科学家合作，在《Nature》上发文称，发现了新型的菌群互作模式——“种间甲醇转移”，为解答上述谜题提供了新的线索。该团队利用嗜甲酸赵氏杆菌（产生甲醇的细菌）和胜利甲烷嗜热微球菌（产生甲烷的古菌）人工构建了合成菌群，并结合同位素示踪、多组学等技术，发现了嗜甲酸赵氏杆菌将甲酸“酿造”成甲醇的全新工艺。然而，这位“酿酒大师”却“不胜酒力”，甲醇的累积会减缓细菌自身的活力。恰巧嗜热微球古菌是一位专门喝假酒的“醉翁”，酒喝多了还会“吐”出甲烷。该研究不仅丰富了地球深层生物圈的碳循环认知，也为未来开发“地下沼气工程”和碳减排新技术开发提供了新的思路。

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