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科学进步的动力学模式
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郝刘祥
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    1. 中国科学院大学人文学院哲学系, 北京 100049;
    2. 中国科学院哲学研究所, 北京 100049
The dynamical mode of scientific progress
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出版时间: 2024-05-28 doi: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2023.09.01426
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检讨了关于科学进步的3种主流哲学理论的成功与不足,进而基于科学进步问题与现代科学起源问题之间的密切关联,系统梳理了三代科学史家关于17世纪科学革命之本质的阐释。以弗洛里斯·科恩关于17世纪科学革命的运动学解释为基础,并参照蒯因关于科学知识的静态结构分析,提出了科学进步的动力学模式,即:科学进步是信念、理论和经验三者之间从相互脱节或相互抵触走向相互关联并且相互适应的动态调整过程。进一步,将此动力学模式与库恩的范式理论和斯特雷文斯的知识机器理论进行了比较,表明该模式不仅可以涵盖这2个理论,而且可以解释这2个理论所不能解释的科学进步与革命。
信念  /  理论  /  经验  /  科学进步  /  科学革命  /  动力学模式
This article analyzed the success and the limitation of the current main theories about scientific progress and then examined the historiographical advance of the scientific revolution given the close relationship between the two topics. Based on Quine's static explanation of the structure of scientific knowledge and Floris Cohen's kinematic interpretation of the scientific revolution, this article proposed a dynamical mode of scientific progress which claims that scientific progress comes from the interactive accommodation between belief, theory and experience. Furthermore, this article compared this dynamical mode with Kuhn's paradigm and Strevens' knowledge machine, and revealed the advantages of this dynamical mode over them.
belief  /  theory  /  experience  /  scientific progress  /  scientific revolutions  /  dynamical mode
郝刘祥. 科学进步的动力学模式. 科技导报, 2024 , 42 (10) : 27 -39 . DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2023.09.01426
Hao Liuxiang. The dynamical mode of scientific progress[J]. Science & Technology Review, 2024 , 42 (10) : 27 -39 . DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2023.09.01426
2024年第42卷第10期
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doi: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2023.09.01426
  • 接收时间:2023-09-19
  • 首发时间:2024-06-19
  • 出版时间:2024-05-28
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  • 收稿日期:2023-09-19
  • 修回日期:2024-01-02
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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