科技导报

南海碳循环：通量、调控机理及其全球意义

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科技导报 | 专题：南海深海探索 2020,38(18): 30-34

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科技导报 | 专题：南海深海探索 2020, 38(18): 30-34

南海碳循环：通量、调控机理及其全球意义

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戴民汉, 孟菲菲

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Carbon cycle in the South China Sea: Flux, controls and global implications

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出版时间: 2020-09-28 doi: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2020.18.004

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基于多年观测研究，南海CO₂源汇及其时空格局的总体特征是：南海海盆是大气CO₂的弱源区，年均海-气CO₂通量为2.1±0.3 mmol·m^-2·d^-1；而南海北部陆架是碳汇区，年均CO₂通量为-2.2±3.5 mmol·m^-2·d^-1；南海总体上每年向大气释放的碳量为1330万±1880万t。由于南海位于陆地-大洋交界带，存在多个界面过程，根据物质交换发生的不同界面，可将南海海盆和北部陆架视为大洋主控型边缘海（OceMar）和河流主控型陆架海（RiOMar）。这两类系统分别接受大洋和河流输入的外源无机碳和营养盐，经由一系列动力过程进入真光层后同时被生物消耗，无机碳和营养盐之间的“竞争”最终决定CO₂源汇格局。在南海海盆，无机碳相对过剩，部分以CO₂形式向大气释放，即为源；而在南海北部陆架，无机碳相对不足，系统需从大气补充CO₂，即为汇。南海碳循环机理及其框架对于更好地理解全球其他陆架边缘海系统具有重要的借鉴意义。

关键词

南海 / 碳通量 / 碳源汇格局 / 大洋主控型边缘海 / 河流主控型陆架海

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This paper reviews the spatially and temporally varied air-sea CO₂ fluxes in the South China Sea (SCS), to show that its basin area is a weak source to the atmospheric CO₂, while its northern shelf is a CO₂ sink. On an annual average basis, the SCS emits carbon of (1.33±1.88)×10¹⁰ g. The northern shelf includes a River-dominated Ocean Margin (RiOMar) during the peak discharges, and an SCS basin as an Ocean-dominated Margin (OceMar). The OceMar is characterized by dynamic exchange with the open ocean via a two-dimensional or even three-dimensional process, i.e., the horizontal intrusion of the open ocean water and the subsequent vertical mixing and upwelling. Depending on the different ratios of the dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and nutrients from the source waters into the margins, the relative consumption or removal between the DIC and the nutrients, while being transported into the euphotic zones taken over by biogeochemical processes, determines the CO₂ fluxes. Thus, the excess DIC relative to the nutrients in the upper layer will lead to the CO₂ degassing. Similar diagnosis can also be made to the RiOMar systems with typical features of significant excess nutrients relative to the DIC. It is suggested that the framework of the carbon cycle revealed from the SCS has important implications in better understanding world's other coastal systems.

Key words

South China Sea / carbon fluxes / CO₂ source-sink nature / Ocean-dominated Margin / River-dominated Ocean Margin

引用本文

戴民汉, 孟菲菲. 南海碳循环：通量、调控机理及其全球意义. 科技导报, 2020 , 38 (18) : 30 -34 . DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2020.18.004

DAI Minhan, MENG Feifei. Carbon cycle in the South China Sea: Flux, controls and global implications[J]. Science & Technology Review, 2020 , 38 (18) : 30 -34 . DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2020.18.004

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2020年第38卷第18期

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doi: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2020.18.004

接收时间：2020-05-12
首发时间：2020-11-04
出版时间：2020-09-28

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收稿日期：2020-05-12
修回日期：2020-07-03

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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2020.18.004

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

科 Family	属数 Number of genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)	属 Genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae	2	11	5.26	鹅膏菌属 Amanita	10	4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae	2	12	5.74	丝盖伞属 Inocybe	5	2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae	8	14	6.70	蜡蘑属 Laccaria	5	2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae	3	23	11.00	小皮伞属 Marasmius	6	2.87
				小菇属 Mycena	11	5.26
				光柄菇属 Pluteus	5	2.39
				红菇属 Russula	17	8.13
				栓菌属 Trametes	5	2.39

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