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生命的低氧适应——2019年度诺贝尔生理学或医学奖成果解析
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赵丽, 李杰
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    首都医科大学神经生物学系, 北京 100069
Hypoxia adaption in life——An analysis of Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2019
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出版时间: 2020-01-28 doi: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2020.02.009
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氧的利用和调节是高等生命赖以生存的基本条件,威廉·凯林、彼得·拉特克利夫和格雷格·塞门扎3位科学家因发现细胞感知和适应氧气供应的相关机制而获得了2019年度诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。他们发现低氧诱导因子1(hypoxia-inducible factors 1,HIF-1)广泛存在于急、慢性缺氧细胞中,是细胞适应低氧的重要转录因子。HIF-1水平受氧气含量的调节。高氧条件下,HIF-1被修饰进而降解;低氧条件下,HIF-1不被降解,并通过转录调节引起促红细胞生成素等低氧相关基因的表达。本文通过介绍HIF-1的发现和基本分子机制,探讨其在临床中的应用价值。
2019年度诺贝尔生理学或医学奖  /  低氧适应  /  低氧诱导因子1
Using and adjusting the oxygen is the basic condition for higher organisms. Three British and American scientists, William G. Kaelin Jr, Sir Peter J. Ratcliffe and Gregg L. Semenza, won the Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine in 2019 for discovering the mechanisms by which cells sense and adapt to the oxygen. They have found that the hypoxia inducible factor 1 (HIF-1), an important transcription factor, is widely distributed in chronic hypoxic cells and promotes cells to adapt to the hypoxia. The HIF-1 level is regulated by the oxygen content. Under the high oxygen condition, the HIF-1 is degraded after its modification. Conversely, under the low oxygen condition, the HIF-1 is not degraded and promotes the expression of the hypoxia related genes such as the erythropoietin through the transcriptional regulation. This paper reviews the discovery and the basic molecular mechanism of the HIF-1, as well as its clinical application values.
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2019  /  hypoxia adaption  /  hypoxia-inducible factors 1
赵丽, 李杰. 生命的低氧适应——2019年度诺贝尔生理学或医学奖成果解析. 科技导报, 2020 , 38 (2) : 79 -85 . DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2020.02.009
ZHAO Li, LI Jie. Hypoxia adaption in life——An analysis of Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2019[J]. Science & Technology Review, 2020 , 38 (2) : 79 -85 . DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2020.02.009
2020年第38卷第2期
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doi: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2020.02.009
  • 接收时间:2019-11-14
  • 首发时间:2020-04-01
  • 出版时间:2020-01-28
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  • 收稿日期:2019-11-14
  • 修回日期:2019-12-13
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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