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articleAbstract=基础研究通常分为纯粹基础研究和应用基础研究，前者指认识自然现象、揭示自然规律，获取新知识、新原理、新方法的研究活动。重大的科学发现常是偶然的或科学家从兴趣出发自由探索产生的，探索之初可能没有明确的目标，比如牛顿的万有引力定律、爱因斯坦的相对论、薛定谔的量子论等，这些研究活动是难以用规划完成的。后者则不同，尽管应用基础研究也具有长期性、不确定性等特点，但它以满足社会经济发展、国家安全和民生等重大需求为明确目标，需要从事基础研究人员和工程技术人员的紧密合作、协同攻关，“两弹一星”的成功实施就是一个典型的例子。两者相辅相成，缺一不可。, authors=王占国, authorsList=王占国, authorCompany=中国科学院半导体研究所, 北京 100083, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=王占国,河南镇平县人,半导体材料物理学家,中国科学院院士,现为中国科学院半导体研究所研究员。主要从事半导体材料和材料物理研究,在人造卫星用硅太阳电池辐照效应、半导体深能级物理与光谱物理研究和半导体低维结构生长、性质以及量子器件研制等方面取得多项成果。, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=Xg1FEfBcv4ADX30h/xtang==, pdfFileSize=622199, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=null, keywords=null, refs=null, funds=null, 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