科技导报

国外应用纵波各向异性技术检测裂缝的研究进展

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科技导报 | 综述文章 2011,29(30): 73-79

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科技导报 | 综述文章 2011, 29(30): 73-79

国外应用纵波各向异性技术检测裂缝的研究进展

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尹志恒¹, 狄帮让¹, 李向阳¹, 张征¹, 魏建新¹, 邓元军²

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Progress in P-wave Anisotropy Technology for Fracture Detection

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出版时间: 2011-10-28 doi: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2011.30.011

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裂缝性油气藏作为一种重要的油藏资源,已经成为地震勘探研究的热门课题。相对于国内而言,国外应用各向异性技术来检测裂缝的研究开展较早并逐渐成熟。本文回顾了各向异性技术的由来和发展,介绍了裂缝研究使用的有效介质理论,总结了纵波各向异性应用于裂缝检测的新技术新方法。分析表明,随着关注度的增强和采集处理技术的发展,裂缝检测技术的方法更加多样,实际应用的有效性得到提高。

关键词

各向异性 / 裂缝 / 地震勘探 / 检测 / 有效介质

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The knowledge that the propagation of elastic waves can be anisotropic is about 180 years old. At the turn of the 20th century, Rudzki suggested the significance of seismic anisotropy. He studied many of its aspects, but without a real application of his ideas. Research in seismic anisotropy became stagnant after his death in 1916. Beginning at about 1950, the significance of seismic anisotropy for exploration seismics began to be studied, mainly in connection with thinly layered media and the resulting transverse isotropy. But it became clear that the effect of the layer induced anisotropy on the data acquired with the techniques of that time was negligible. In the last two decades of the 20th century, Crampin pointed out that the cracks in a rock mass lead to observable effects from which, in principle, the orientation and the density of the cracks could be determined. Since this information has a direct relevance to the reservoir properties of the rock, the interest in seismic anisotropy was increased considerably. The seismic anisotropy study came into a new era, with more scholars and oil companies focusing their attention on this field. Recent advances in the acquisition technology, the computer technology and the seismic processing technology have allowed the incorporation of anisotropic models into a wide range of seismic methods. In particular, the vertical and tilted transverse isotropies are currently treated as an integral part of the velocity fields employed in pre-stack depth migration algorithms, especially those based on the wave equation. Continued progress in the data-acquisition technology is likely to spur a transition from the transverse isotropy to lower anisotropic symmetries, e.g. orthorhombic ones. With the role of the anisotropy in the seismic exploration in mind, we discuss the origin of anisotropy, P-wave velocity analysis and imaging, processing ,moveout inversion of wide-azimuth data, amplitude-variation-with-offset and AVO analysis and fracture characterization. Today, the anisotropy, as an important part in exploration and reservoir geophysics, has been included in every exploration geophysicist's toolkit.

Key words

anisotropy / fracture / seismic exploration / detection / effective media

引用本文

尹志恒;狄帮让;李向阳;张征;魏建新;邓元军. 国外应用纵波各向异性技术检测裂缝的研究进展. 科技导报, 2011 , 29 (30) : 73 -79 . DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2011.30.011

YIN Zhiheng;DI Bangrang;LI Xiangyang;ZHANG Zheng;WEI Jianxin;DENG Yuanjun. Progress in P-wave Anisotropy Technology for Fracture Detection[J]. Science & Technology Review, 2011 , 29 (30) : 73 -79 . DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2011.30.011

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2011年第29卷第30期

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doi: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2011.30.011

接收时间：2011-08-20
首发时间：2011-10-28
出版时间：2011-10-28

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收稿日期：2011-08-20
修回日期：2011-09-27

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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2011.30.011

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

科 Family	属数 Number of genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)	属 Genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae	2	11	5.26	鹅膏菌属 Amanita	10	4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae	2	12	5.74	丝盖伞属 Inocybe	5	2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae	8	14	6.70	蜡蘑属 Laccaria	5	2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae	3	23	11.00	小皮伞属 Marasmius	6	2.87
				小菇属 Mycena	11	5.26
				光柄菇属 Pluteus	5	2.39
				红菇属 Russula	17	8.13
				栓菌属 Trametes	5	2.39

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