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论城市表层土壤中重金属的可持续管理与发展
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科技导报 |研究论文 2005 , 23 (0509) : 26 -30
论城市表层土壤中重金属的可持续管理与发展
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王学松1,秦勇2
作者信息
    1. 淮海工学院化学工程系 江苏连云港2. 中国矿业大学资源与地球科学学院 江苏徐州
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王学松
On Sustainable Management and Development of Heavy Metals in Urban Topsoil
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    出版时间: 2005-09-10
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    城市表层土壤由于接纳了多种污染源(如工业污染源、交通污染源、燃煤污染源等)释放的重金属,可以作为城市环境中重金属污染的“示踪物”。城市表层土壤中的重金属不仅可以通过大风扬尘等方式危害人类(特别是儿童)健康,而且能够污染地表水或地下水等水生生态系统。因此,对城市表层土壤重金属需要进行可持续管理和发展。首先探讨了城市表层土壤重金属的环境承载力的内涵和特征,分析了土壤对重金属承载机制和约束条件,区分了“绝对承载力”和“相对承载力”,并且给出了城市表层土壤重金属环境相对承载力的计算模型;其次,探讨了城市表层土壤重金属的“临界负荷”与可持续管理和发展的关系,在此基础上,提出了城市土壤中重金属可持续发展的初始评估指标(FD)和可持续发展指标(FS);最后,讨论了重金属污染源释放速率的调控措施及其手段。
    城市表层土壤  /  重金属  /  可持续管理  /  污染  /  临界负荷  /  环境承载力
    Heavy metals in urban topsoil have been shown to be very useful tracers of environmental pollution because urban topsoil is the "recipients" of large amounts of heavy metals from a variety of sources including industrial wastes, vehicle emissions, coal burning waste, and other activities. Dust from the ground because of wind erosion may have toxic effects as a consequence of inhalation or ingestion by humans, particularly children, which poses major health hazard. Furthermore, any contamination of urban topsoil could cause in turn surface water/groundwater contamination because metals of the polluted topsoil tend to be more mobile than those of unpolluted ones. In this paper, we firstly probe into the connotation of carrying capacity of heavy metals in urban topsoil, analyze the mechanism and inhabiting factors of heavy metals in urban topsoil, differentiate "absolute carrying capacity" and "relative carrying capacity" and put forward the computing model of relative carrying capacity for heavy metals in urban topsoil. Secondly, the preliminary assessment index (FD) and sustainable development index (FS) are discussed. Lastly the controlling measures on the emissions of heavy metals are discussed.
    urban topsoil  /  heavy metals  /  sustainable management  /  pollution  /  critical loading  /  environmental carrying capacity
    王学松;秦勇. 论城市表层土壤中重金属的可持续管理与发展. 科技导报, 2005 , 23 (0509) : 26 -30 .
    . On Sustainable Management and Development of Heavy Metals in Urban Topsoil[J]. Science & Technology Review, 2005 , 23 (0509) : 26 -30 .

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    2种不同金属材料的力学参数

    Family
    属数
    Number of
    genus
    种数
    Number of
    species
    占总种数比例
    Percentage of
    total species (%)

    Genus
    种数
    Number of
    species
    占总种数比例
    Percentage of total
    species (%)
    鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
    小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
    多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
    红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
    小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
    光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
    红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
    栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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