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淮河“75·8”洪水垮坝的主要原因分析及经验教训
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淮河“75·8”洪水垮坝的主要原因分析及经验教训
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王国安
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    黄河勘测规划设计有限公司 郑州
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王国安
The Main Cause and Lesson of
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    出版时间: 2006-07-10
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    从水文专业的角度提出,淮河“75·8”洪水垮坝的主要原因不是防洪标准偏低,而是水库设计洪水的数值偏小;垮坝的主要教训是:①在科学技术上不能一边倒,要兼容并蓄,见好就学;②大幅度提高防洪标准既浪费国家巨额资金且留有后遗症,因而并不可取;③学习外国经验不能生搬硬套,一定要结合中国实际;④重要土石坝必须设“太平门”(非常溢洪道),以便在遭遇非常洪水时采取非常溢洪措施。
    “75·8”洪水  /  板桥水库  /  石漫滩水库  /  垮坝  /  设计洪水  /  防洪标准
    From the point of view of hydrology, the cause of "August 1975" dam failure is mainly due to the low values of reservoir design floods rather than the low flood control standards; We have mainly learned from the failure: ① Scientific and technologic research shall not be leaning to one side, but absorb and accept whatever are good; ② Raising of flood control standards to a large extent would waste a huge amount of fund and not be feasible, and until today problems remain unsolved; ③ Learning foreign experience must be combined with the actuality in China, not by rote; ④ Major earth and rockfill dams must have "an emergency exit" (emergency spillway or emergency measures) in case super floods cause dam failures.
    "August 1975" Flood  /  Banqiao Reservoir  /  Shimantan Reservoir  /  dam failure  /  design flood  /  flood control standard
    王国安. 淮河“75·8”洪水垮坝的主要原因分析及经验教训. 科技导报, 2006 , 24 (0607) : 72 -77 .
    . The Main Cause and Lesson of[J]. Science & Technology Review, 2006 , 24 (0607) : 72 -77 .

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    鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
    小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
    多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
    红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
    小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
    光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
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    栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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