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3D打印技术的性能突破关乎生物医学、微纳科技、先进制造等前沿领域发展。清华大学戴琼海团队通过一种创新的光学操控方案,0.6 s即可完成毫米尺寸复杂物体的高分辨率三维打印,刷新了3D打印速度的纪录。2026年2月12日,相关研究成果发表于《Nature》。

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(图片来源:《Nature》)

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    3D打印技术的性能突破关乎生物医学、微纳科技、先进制造等前沿领域发展。清华大学戴琼海团队通过一种创新的光学操控方案,0.6 s即可完成毫米尺寸复杂物体的高分辨率三维打印,刷新了3D打印速度的纪录。2026年2月12日,相关研究成果发表于《Nature》。

    . “反向设计光场”让3D打印进入亚秒级时代. 科技导报, 2026 , 44 (4) : 12 -12 .
    . Science & Technology Review, 2026 , 44 (4) : 12 -12 .
    3D打印技术的性能突破关乎生物医学、微纳科技、先进制造等前沿领域发展。清华大学戴琼海团队通过一种创新的光学操控方案,0.6 s即可完成毫米尺寸复杂物体的高分辨率三维打印,刷新了3D打印速度的纪录。2026年2月12日,相关研究成果发表于《Nature》。
    3D打印应用广泛,但一直存在“速度和精度”的烦恼。传统逐点、逐层三维打印技术虽能保障精度,但打印效率较低,毫米级物体往往需要数十分钟甚至数小时才能完成加工。此外,层间界面还可能影响结构强度与光学均匀性。
    近年来兴起的“体积打印”(volumetric printing)尝试绕开逐层限制。其思路是:通过多角度光场投射,在光敏材料内部累积能量,当能量阈值达到时,目标结构在整个体积中同时固化。理论上,这种方式可以在极短时间内完成复杂结构制造。然而,体积打印面临一个关键难题——如何精确设计光场?
    在传统光学成像中,物体经过光学系统后形成图像,这是一个“正向传播”过程;而在三维打印中,问题被反转——研究者已知目标三维结构,需要反推出一组光场分布,使材料在特定体素区域固化。
    为解决这一问题,研究团队构建了高精度的光传播模型,并引入自适应光学校准、像差矫正算法与全息算法,对光场进行多维调制与编码设计,使光能在空间中精确叠加。简单来说,他们不是“照亮一个形状”,而是设计一束会在材料内部自行拼接成目标结构的光。该方法将同参数条件的景深从传统的50 μm拓展至1 cm。经实验验证,系统的光学分辨率在1 cm范围内始终保持11 μm,打印产物最细独立特征可达12 μm。团队提出用高速旋转的“潜望镜”把投影方向绕着静止容器扫过,从而在几百毫秒内完成多视角照明的剂量累积,曝光时间可达0.6 s,并报道最高体积打印速率333 mm3/s(约1.25×108体素/s)。
    这项技术的另一优势是其对打印容器的要求极为简便,仅需容器具备一个光学平面,打印中容器保持静止即可,无需进行高精度相对运动。这极大拓展了打印场景,特别是可直接在普通流体管道内放置打印材料,实现流体环境中的批量、连续打印。
    研究团队介绍,作为多学科交叉研究成果,该技术将在生物学领域用生物相容性材料打印模拟血管的螺旋管、分叉管,甚至在培养皿、生物组织上“原位打印”,为组织工程、高通量药物筛选打开新通道;在工程制造领域,它有望融入流水线,批量生产光子计算器件、手机相机模组等微型组件,打印带有尖锐角度、复杂曲面的零件等。它还有望在容器内堆叠不同功能的材料,实现“多材料打印”,从而拓展到柔性电子、微型机器人、高分辨率组织模型等场景。
    (综合:清华大学官网、新华网、《光明日报》)

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    2种不同金属材料的力学参数

    Family
    属数
    Number of
    genus
    种数
    Number of
    species
    占总种数比例
    Percentage of
    total species (%)

    Genus
    种数
    Number of
    species
    占总种数比例
    Percentage of total
    species (%)
    鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
    小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
    多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
    红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
    小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
    光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
    红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
    栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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