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在信息器件不断向高密度、小尺度演进的过程中,如何在极限尺寸结构中承载和操控电学功能,已成为材料科学与信息技术交叉领域的重要前沿。中国科学院物理研究所金奎娟、葛琛、张庆华等团队在铁电材料研究中取得突破性进展,首次在萤石结构氧化锆薄膜中观测到一维带电畴壁,并实现了对其产生、移动和擦除的人工操控。2026年1月22日,相关研究成果于发表于《Science》。

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(图片来源:《Science》)

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在接近晶格极限的尺度上操控电学单元
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科技导报 | 科技新闻 2026,44(3): 8-8
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科技导报 |科技新闻 2026 , 44 (3) : 8 -8
在接近晶格极限的尺度上操控电学单元
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    出版时间: 2026-02-13
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    在信息器件不断向高密度、小尺度演进的过程中,如何在极限尺寸结构中承载和操控电学功能,已成为材料科学与信息技术交叉领域的重要前沿。中国科学院物理研究所金奎娟、葛琛、张庆华等团队在铁电材料研究中取得突破性进展,首次在萤石结构氧化锆薄膜中观测到一维带电畴壁,并实现了对其产生、移动和擦除的人工操控。2026年1月22日,相关研究成果于发表于《Science》。

    . 在接近晶格极限的尺度上操控电学单元. 科技导报, 2026 , 44 (3) : 8 -8 .
    . Science & Technology Review, 2026 , 44 (3) : 8 -8 .
    在信息器件不断向高密度、小尺度演进的过程中,如何在极限尺寸结构中承载和操控电学功能,已成为材料科学与信息技术交叉领域的重要前沿。中国科学院物理研究所金奎娟、葛琛、张庆华等团队在铁电材料研究中取得突破性进展,首次在萤石结构氧化锆薄膜中观测到一维带电畴壁,并实现了对其产生、移动和擦除的人工操控。2026年1月22日,相关研究成果于发表于《Science》。
    铁电材料是一类具有自发极化特性的晶体,其内部可看作由大量微小的“电学指南针”组成——正负电荷在晶格中发生微小位移,形成稳定的极化方向。在外加电场作用下,这些极化方向可以翻转,使铁电材料成为信息存储、传感以及类脑计算的重要候选材料。极化方向一致的区域被称为“铁电畴”,不同铁电畴之间的分界面即为畴壁。
    长期以来,人们普遍认为畴壁是二维平面结构,类似魔方中不同颜色方块之间的界面。这一认知几乎成为铁电物理中的“常识”。然而,该研究发现,在具有特殊层状晶体特征的萤石类铁电材料中,铁电极化被限制在分离的极性层内,使得原本应呈二维展开的畴壁,被进一步“压缩”到一维线状结构。
    为验证这一设想,研究团队利用激光沉积等方法制备出自支撑的萤石结构氧化锆薄膜,并借助高分辨电子显微镜对其进行原子尺度表征。实验结果清晰地捕捉到了一维带电畴壁的存在,其厚度和宽度仅为埃米级——相当于头发直径的数10万分之一,已接近晶格尺度的极限。
    进一步研究表明,这类一维畴壁之所以能够稳定存在,与畴壁处氧离子或氧空位的局域富集密切相关。这些带电缺陷如同“电荷补偿的胶水”,中和了畴壁处由于极化突变产生的强电场,使一维带电结构得以在晶体中长期稳定。同时,研究人员还通过电子辐照在局部区域产生可控电场,实现了一维畴壁的写入、驱动与擦除,展示了其良好的可操控性。
    在基础科学层面,该工作打破了“三维晶体中畴壁必然是二维结构”的传统认知,揭示了萤石铁电体中极化翻转与氧离子迁移之间的内在耦合机制。在应用层面,尺寸达到埃级的一维畴壁单元,预期可将信息存储密度推向新的极限;通过在半个晶胞尺度内操控畴壁的生成与运动,有望实现面向模拟计算的新型铁电器件,为极限密度人工智能硬件提供新的物理基础。
    (综合:《Science》、中国科学院物理研究所官网、中国科技网)

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    小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
    光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
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