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在辅助生殖过程中,部分胚胎会在植入子宫前停止发育,其中尤以8细胞阶段的发育阻滞最为常见。这一阶段恰逢胚胎从依赖母源指令转向自主启动基因表达的关键窗口,被称为合子基因组激活(zygote genome activation,ZGA)。为何一些胚胎无法顺利跨过这一关,一直是生殖医学和发育生物学关注的核心问题。

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    在辅助生殖过程中,部分胚胎会在植入子宫前停止发育,其中尤以8细胞阶段的发育阻滞最为常见。这一阶段恰逢胚胎从依赖母源指令转向自主启动基因表达的关键窗口,被称为合子基因组激活(zygote genome activation,ZGA)。为何一些胚胎无法顺利跨过这一关,一直是生殖医学和发育生物学关注的核心问题。

    . 远古病毒“遗产”助力人类胚胎跨越发育关卡. 科技导报, 2026 , 44 (3) : 2 -2 .
    . Science & Technology Review, 2026 , 44 (3) : 2 -2 .
    在辅助生殖过程中,部分胚胎会在植入子宫前停止发育,其中尤以8细胞阶段的发育阻滞最为常见。这一阶段恰逢胚胎从依赖母源指令转向自主启动基因表达的关键窗口,被称为合子基因组激活(zygote genome activation,ZGA)。为何一些胚胎无法顺利跨过这一关,一直是生殖医学和发育生物学关注的核心问题。
    浙江大学基础医学院、医学院附属妇产科医院梁洪青,联合同济大学及浙江大学爱丁堡大学联合学院的研究团队发现,人类基因组中源自远古病毒的遗留序列,在这一关键节点发挥着意想不到的作用。研究表明,这类被称为内源逆转录病毒(endogenous retrovirus,ERV)的“基因化石”,可通过合成特殊的嵌合核糖核酸(Ribonucle⁃ ic Acid,RNA),帮助早期胚胎完成ZGA,从而避免发育停滞。2026年1月22日,相关研究成果发表于《Science》。
    人类基因组中,真正编码蛋白的序列只占很小比例,其余大量区域长期被视为“非编码”或“冗余”。其中,逆转座子序列占比超过40%,而ERV正是这一类序列的重要分支。它们来源于远古时期病毒对人类祖先的感染,虽然早已失去复制和感染能力,却在进化过程中被“保留”并逐渐融入基因调控网络。
    研究团队以合子基因组阶段特异性高表达的ERV为切入点,对正常发育胚胎与8细胞期发育阻滞胚胎进行对比分析。结果发现,在发育受阻的胚胎中,ERV家族中的MLT2A1亚家族表达显著下降,暗示其可能与胚胎能否顺利完成ZGA密切相关。
    进一步分析显示,MLT2A1并非以单一基因的方式发挥作用。其核心序列相对固定,却能够与下游的蛋白编码基因、非编码RNA片段,甚至其他逆转座子序列发生融合,形成大量嵌合转录本。研究人员在人类8细胞期胚胎和干细胞中鉴定出数百种不同的嵌合RNA,其长度多在500~1000个碱基之间,主要通过剪接事件形成。这种“模块化拼接”的方式,显著拓展了RNA序列的多样性,也为胚胎在短时间内快速建立复杂的基因调控网络提供了可能。
    从功能角度看,这一机制为理解ZGA提供了新的视角:早期胚胎并非完全依赖传统意义上的“基因开关”,而是借助进化遗留下来的病毒序列,快速生成一批具有调控潜力的RNA分子,从而完成从母源控制向自主发育的过渡。
    研究团队表示,若未来能够将MLT2A1等关键ERV相关分子作为检测指标,有望在胚胎移植前更早、更精准地评估其发育潜力,为辅助生殖中优质胚胎的筛选提供新的分子依据,从而提高试管婴儿的成功率。
    (综合:《Science》、浙江大学官网、中国新闻网)

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    2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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    属数
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    Number of
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    占总种数比例
    Percentage of
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    种数
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    Percentage of total
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    鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
    小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
    多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
    红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
    小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
    光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
    红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
    栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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