Article(id=1225386828279230497, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, issueId=1225386825246748695, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2025.12.00058, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1765209600000, receivedDateStr=2025-12-09, revisedDate=1765987200000, revisedDateStr=2025-12-18, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1770084586447, onlineDateStr=2026-02-03, pubDate=1768233600000, pubDateStr=2026-01-13, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1769616000000, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-01-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1770084586447, creator=system, updateTime=1774080565318, updator=sys-migrate, issue=Issue{id=1225386825246748695, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, year='2026', volume='44', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='140', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1768233600000', pubDateStr='2026-01-13', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1770084585703, creator='system', updateTime=1774331268156, updator='13041195026', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1243198702408544966, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, issueId=1225386825246748695, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1243198702408544967, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, issueId=1225386825246748695, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=70, endPage=77, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1225386828627357738, articleId=1225386828279230497, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, language=EN, title=Retrospective on hot topics in hydrogeological intelligent computing in 2025, columnId=1150494642224591153, journalTitle=Science & Technology Review, columnName=Exclusive, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Hydrogeological intelligent computing represents an emerging scientific paradigm that integrates physical principles with artificial intelligence. An analysis of key 2025 research trends reveals that in core applied fields such as groundwater resource assessment, mine water hazard prevention, and contaminant transport remediation, hydrogeology is transitioning from traditional data−driven approaches toward physics−informed fusion. This shift moves beyond isolated technological breakthroughs toward constructing a comprehensive technical system encompassing "data sensing, knowledge extraction, and simulation−driven decision−making". Although challenges remain in mechanism modeling, data quality, and standardization, intelligent computing has significantly enhanced prediction accuracy and decision reliability in complex scenarios such as groundwater flow simulation and surface–subsurface water coupling. Looking ahead to 2026, deeper integration of artificial intelligence and large−scale models into mechanistic research is expected to enable more accurate, interpretable, and trustworthy intelligent simulation systems and early−warning decision−support frameworks.

, authors=null, authorsList=Donglin DONG, Yupeng YAO, Wanqiu ZHANG, Gang LIN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Gang LIN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=All rights reserved. Unauthorized reproduction is prohibited., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1225386829545910320, articleId=1225386828279230497, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, language=CN, title=2025年水文地质智能计算热点回眸, columnId=1150494642375586098, journalTitle=科技导报, columnName=特色专题, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

水文地质智能计算是融合物理机理与人工智能的新一代科学范式。2025年,水文地质学在地下水资源评价、矿区水害防控及污染迁移修复等核心应用领域,正从传统数据驱动迈向物理信息融合,从局部技术突破转向构建“数据感知−知识挖掘−模拟决策”的完整技术体系。尽管在机理建模、数据质量与标准规范等方面仍存在挑战,智能计算已显著提升了地下水渗流模拟、地表−地下水耦合等复杂问题的预测精度与决策可靠性。未来随着人工智能与大模型技术更深层次地融入机理研究,有望构建更高精度、可解释、可信任的智能模拟系统与预警体系。

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董东林,教授,研究方向为水文地质与工程地质,电子信箱:

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林刚(通信作者),副研究员,研究方向为能矿资源水资源协同利用,电子信箱:
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2025年水文地质智能计算热点回眸
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董东林 1 , 姚宇鹏 1 , 张婉秋 1 , 林刚 2, 3, *
科技导报 | 特色专题 2026,44(1): 70-77
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科技导报 |特色专题 2026 , 44 (1) : 70 -77
2025年水文地质智能计算热点回眸
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董东林1 , 姚宇鹏1, 张婉秋1, 林刚2, 3, *
作者信息
  • 1中国矿业大学(北京)地球科学与测绘工程学院,北京 100083
  • 2中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京 100101
  • 3中国科学院大学资源与环境学院,北京 101408
通讯作者:
林刚(通信作者),副研究员,研究方向为能矿资源水资源协同利用,电子信箱:
Retrospective on hot topics in hydrogeological intelligent computing in 2025
Donglin DONG1 , Yupeng YAO1, Wanqiu ZHANG1, Gang LIN2, 3, *
Affiliations
  • 1School of Geosciences and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
  • 2Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
  • 3College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
出版时间: 2026-01-13 doi: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2025.12.00058
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水文地质智能计算是融合物理机理与人工智能的新一代科学范式。2025年,水文地质学在地下水资源评价、矿区水害防控及污染迁移修复等核心应用领域,正从传统数据驱动迈向物理信息融合,从局部技术突破转向构建“数据感知−知识挖掘−模拟决策”的完整技术体系。尽管在机理建模、数据质量与标准规范等方面仍存在挑战,智能计算已显著提升了地下水渗流模拟、地表−地下水耦合等复杂问题的预测精度与决策可靠性。未来随着人工智能与大模型技术更深层次地融入机理研究,有望构建更高精度、可解释、可信任的智能模拟系统与预警体系。

水文地质学  /  地下水资源评价  /  多模态数据融合  /  矿区数字孪生  /  多过程耦合

Hydrogeological intelligent computing represents an emerging scientific paradigm that integrates physical principles with artificial intelligence. An analysis of key 2025 research trends reveals that in core applied fields such as groundwater resource assessment, mine water hazard prevention, and contaminant transport remediation, hydrogeology is transitioning from traditional data−driven approaches toward physics−informed fusion. This shift moves beyond isolated technological breakthroughs toward constructing a comprehensive technical system encompassing "data sensing, knowledge extraction, and simulation−driven decision−making". Although challenges remain in mechanism modeling, data quality, and standardization, intelligent computing has significantly enhanced prediction accuracy and decision reliability in complex scenarios such as groundwater flow simulation and surface–subsurface water coupling. Looking ahead to 2026, deeper integration of artificial intelligence and large−scale models into mechanistic research is expected to enable more accurate, interpretable, and trustworthy intelligent simulation systems and early−warning decision−support frameworks.

hydrogeology  /  groundwater assessment  /  multimodal data fusion  /  mining area digital twin  /  multi−process coupling
董东林, 姚宇鹏, 张婉秋, 林刚. 2025年水文地质智能计算热点回眸. 科技导报, 2026 , 44 (1) : 70 -77 . DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2025.12.00058
Donglin DONG, Yupeng YAO, Wanqiu ZHANG, Gang LIN. Retrospective on hot topics in hydrogeological intelligent computing in 2025[J]. Science & Technology Review, 2026 , 44 (1) : 70 -77 . DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2025.12.00058
水文地质学是研究地下水数量、质量时空变化规律,以及如何合理利用或防治其危害的学科[1]。近年来,水文地质学的研究方向从传统的找水勘察,扩展到了更广泛的资源与环境领域,发展趋势呈现出更注重多学科交叉(如同位素技术、数值模拟、地理信息系统应用、智能计算等)和生态环境问题(如包气带水盐运移、气候变化对地下水的影响等)。传统机理模型难以应对复杂、非线性、高不确定性问题,纯数据驱动模型则既依赖大量高质量数据,又存在明显的“黑箱”特性[2],因此,有必要通过深度交叉融合与技术创新来保障地下水韧性,这已成为当前重要的行动方向。2025年9月,第52届国际水文地质学家协会(International Association of Hydrogeologists,IAH)大会在澳大利亚墨尔本成功召开,会议进一步明确了当前水文地质研究的聚焦方向,如气候变化下的地下水补给与水质安全、可持续管理,以及人工智能(artificial intelligence,AI)、同位素示踪等新技术应用等[3]。随后,全国水文地质学术年会在北京召开,大会以“变化环境下的水文地质学”为主题,探讨了地下水系统对极端气候和人类活动的响应机制,以及推动新技术、新方法在水文地质研究中的交叉融合。AI与智能计算成为全场瞩目的焦点。会议不仅集中研讨了机器学习、地球物理勘探与水文模型的深度结合,更是专门开设分论坛讨论了物理信息神经网络(physics-informed neural networks‌,PINN)在参数反演、地下水动态预测以及区域水资源评价中的创新应用[4]。回顾2025年,水文地质学在全球合作、学科交叉和技术创新上向前迈了一大步,精准体现了从“方法探索”到“解决实际问题”的范式转变,研究主题都紧扣“可持续管理”“气候变化”和“变化环境”等现实问题。同时,AI与智能计算已深度渗透到所有水文地质前沿主题的研讨中,中国水文地质学研究也正积极拥抱智能计算,致力于构建更精细、更智能的地质数字孪生体系,以科技创新支撑水资源的安全与可持续管理。
2025年水文地质学研究的范式转型是气候变化和技术革命双重压力下的必然演进,致力于解决如何充分运用大数据和AI等新兴技术应对变化环境下的水文响应与可持续管理、区域特色水文地质与资源利用等关键科学问题。当前,水文地质学研究不再满足于解释地下水数量、质量和时空规律,而是致力于通过物理过程表达与智能方法的深度融合,构建水文地质智能计算体系,更精准地预测和优化复杂的水文过程,最终为可持续发展重大决策提供科学引擎。
Gantayat等[5]指出在全球气候变化、人口增长和环境污染等多重压力下,传统的水文地质学研究范式已不足以解决日益复杂的水资源安全问题。因此,必须明确未来研究的优先领域,以推动学科创新,保障水资源的可持续性。研究明确地下水是应对气候波动的重要缓冲,但其本身的可持续性也受到了威胁。为了应对气候变化与极端事件,应重点量化气候变化对地下水补给、更新速率和水质的长期影响,分析干旱与洪水等极端水文事件下地下水系统的响应与恢复力。2025年11月,在第30届联合国气候变化大会(COP30)上,《气候变化科学十大新洞见(2025/2026)》发布[6],标志着这一科学认知已成为全球气候治理的核心议题之一。中国和巴西学者的研究成果,也直接证实了气候变化通过改变降水模式(如干旱延长、暴雨增多)影响地下水补给和储量[78]。中国东北地区为适应气候变暖而扩大水稻种植,反而加剧了区域地下水的过度开采,说明人类为适应气候变化(变暖)而采取的行动,可能在无意中加剧了地下水超采,这被称为“适应不良”,是当前研究的重点和难点[9]。总之,2025年,多项研究、多次重要会议均聚焦变化环境下的水文响应与可持续管理问题,地下水与气候变化的研究已不仅是学术前沿,更是直接关系到水安全、粮食安全和生态安全的紧迫现实需求,正在驱动科学研究、国际合作与管理政策的深刻变革。
区域特色水文地质与资源利用是水文地质学服务国家高质量发展的重要落脚点,该研究标志着水文地质学从普适性理论,转向为区域差异性问题提供精准解决方案。区域特色水文地质与资源利用研究不只关注地下水本身,更关注将地质规律与区域发展战略相结合,研究地下水开发利用管理与当地核心资源(地表水、能源、生态、粮食)的协同关系。
1) 跨界含水层:跨界含水层指跨越多国边界、共享水资源且面临复杂管理挑战的特定区域。跨界含水层的研究不仅是水资源问题,更是复杂的地缘环境问题。因此,跨界含水层研究是一个多系统、跨尺度、机理复杂的难题。第52届IAH大会上,2025年世界跨界含水层新地图发布[10],该地图系统地描绘了全球426个跨界含水层的位置和基本信息,为跨界含水层研究和管理提供了工作基础。然而,在建模问题上,跨界含水层仍是一个无法被标准化的复杂系统,而该系统的最终演化路径,主要取决于模型本身无法控制的跨国政治博弈。以数据问题为例,其瓶颈并非数据少,而是受政治性因素影响而隔离;同时,含水层系统具有强烈的地域属性。因此,跨界含水层模型因其独特的地质构造、补给机制和人为干扰,几乎无法直接套用到另一个地区。此外,建模过程必须同时包含水文过程、化学过程、社会过程和气候过程。这些系统运行机制不同、过程复杂,强行耦合会带来巨大的不确定性和计算负担。
2) 关键气候响应区:区域水文地质研究重点关注以北极/高寒区和干旱/半干旱区为代表的全球关键气候响应区[11]。其中,北极/高寒区重点研究冰冻圈的消融对地下水系统的根本性重塑[12]。2025年,相关研究明确了活动层加深如何改变地下水流路径,将原先被冻结的有机碳和古老地下水释放。但仍然存在传统手段在极寒、偏远地区难以部署和维持的问题。同时,有研究开始尝试量化冰川融水对基岩裂隙地下水的补给量及其季节动态。从孔隙尺度的冻融到流域尺度的径流改变,跨尺度模拟仍存在巨大挑战。对于干旱/半干旱区,研究的核心是极端水文事件和水压力加剧背景下,地下水资源的可持续性[1314]。研究表明,极端降水/洪水事件对深层地下水补给的贡献远超平稳时期,是主要的补给模式。但在极端事件下,入渗、优先流过程难以用传统达西定律描述。另外的热点进展是将地下水人工补给作为核心适应策略,研究其效率与生态影响。该方向的研究显示了灌溉、开采等人为信号远强于自然气候信号,难以剥离。因此,对关键气候响应区的研究,正推动形成“气候应力—地下水流系统响应—资源与生态效应—适应性管理”的全链条研究新范式,智能计算在这些研究方向中已成为不可或缺的关键赋能工具。
3) 特定地貌类型:2025年对喀斯特、河流盆地与海岸带等特定地貌的研究,已从静态描述迈入系统性认知与复杂性管理的新阶段。“喀斯特生物多样性计划”被列为联合国教科文组织(UNESCO)国际科学10年项目,致力于构建跨中国西南、地中海、美国东南部的跨国观测网络与协作平台[15]。中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所环江喀斯特生态系统观测研究站揭示了山坡尺度上土壤厚度对水文补给路径、速度和滞留时间的决定性控制,证实了浅层岩土界面流是重要的“隐性”水资源[16]。对河流盆地的探索则通过深钻计划和地层模拟,致力于从万年尺度理解气候与地貌演化的耦合规律[17]。海岸带管理则进入“立体分层”空间精细化时代,通过明确的生态评估和多尺度关联研究来指导实践。然而,研究的深化也暴露了关键瓶颈,特定地貌类型的水文地质研究存在多过程解耦困难与模型表征能力不足的挑战,亟需发展机理与数据深度融合的新型计算方法,建立集成地球系统模型、地貌演化模型和地层模型的多尺度模拟体系[1819]
4) 矿山水文系统:采矿业是一个大规模、高强度、不可逆地扰动地下天然水循环和地质环境的人类活动。矿山水文地质研究一直是水文地质领域的核心突破点和重点方向。例如,如何预测和防控地下水涌入巷道造成灾难性事故,采矿如何改变区域水循环过程,如何防治酸性矿井水等次生污染,以及闭矿后地下水系统如何恢复等都是当下和未来所面临的关键难题[2021],亟需精准的过程模拟与尺度转换。然而,当前研究仍存在以下难点,一是,废弃矿井水−岩相互作用的物理化学耦合机理复杂,如何将室内试验获得的损伤系数、参数敏感性结果可靠地外推至现场尺度[22]。二是,水资源保护与共伴生矿产高效开采之间存在目标冲突,如何实现多资源的协同勘查与绿色开发,缺乏系统的技术标准和优化模型[23]。未来,在遥感、地球物理和物联网监测体系基础上,构建矿山“数字孪生体”,实现水害与污染风险的实时计算与模拟。同时,将煤系矿产、水资源和共伴生矿产资源视为整体,开展涵盖规划、开采、关闭、后治理全过程的系统研究,支撑绿色矿山建设、生态修复与关闭矿山综合开发利用等多目标实现。
单纯追求模型规模或数据体量的时代已成为过去,当前水文地质研究正经历从方法探索到解决实际问题的范式转型,其计算方法需要完成从数据驱动到物理信息融合,依赖大模型、多模态与不确定性量化等关键技术。未来水文地质建模的核心是将地学机理、领域知识深度嵌入到大模型架构中,并通过多模态数据与不确定性量化,构建出既高效又可靠、既智能又可解释的“水文地质智能体”。
现有研究证明,水文地质研究在物理信息融合方面已超越概念,成为解决高维、非线性、多过程耦合等核心挑战的实用路径。它正从根本上提升学科模拟预测、理解系统和管理资源的能力,但依然高度依赖大模型、多模态与不确定性量化等关键技术应用。
1) 地下水渗流精细模拟与参数反演:传统数值模拟依赖明确的渗透系数场和边界条件,在处理未知物理过程、网格依赖和高计算成本方面存在限制,数据驱动模型则需海量观测数据且无法保证物理一致性。针对此问题,研究人员提出了基于物理信息神经网络的河渠系统地下水渗流模型(PI−RGSM),将关键水文地质参数(如渗透系数)作为模型输入,实现了单次训练即可预测不同参数组合下流场的强大泛化能力,解决了在数据稀缺区同时进行“流场模拟”与“参数反演”的难题,同时,模型还能满足水流方程的约束,模拟非均质、裂隙介质中的流动与迁移[24]
2) 地表−地下水耦合过程与复杂系统模拟:地表水与地下水交互过程复杂,传统耦合模拟计算成本高,而纯数据模型难以学习其内在物理机制。最新的研究通过自然系统的高度复杂性及数值模型与智能技术的深度融合,将上覆水体与沉积物层作为整体系统进行分析,建立了统一的控制方程并对沉积物−上覆水耦合系统进行同步求解[25]。该技术框架不仅能够反映上覆水体与沉积物层之间的双向耦合作用,还确保了2者交界面处的速度、应力和压力等物理量的连续性条件,同时避免了引入交界面上需要率定的未知参数或依赖经验公式的问题。在上述统一框架中还可以直接植入氮循环等反应过程,实现从纯水力模拟到水−生态耦合过程模拟的跨越。
2025年,水文地质智能计算在大模型、多模态与不确定性量化3个关键技术方面,已从概念探索进入解决具体科学问题、提升业务能力的深化应用阶段。
1) 水文地质大语言模型:2025年的研究进展表明,在大模型应用方面,主要聚焦于自动化编码、多源报告信息抽取与知识图谱构建3大方向,当前正从通用向领域专用迈进,尝试将专业知识注入通用模型。2025年全国水文地质学术年会将“AI生成地下水模拟代码”列为前沿探讨方向,研究聚焦于如何从数值模型(如MODFLOW、COMSOL)应用程序编程接口(API)文档中进行指令微调[4]。此外,行业部门探索DeepSeek在洪水、凌情预报中应用,旨在融合多源数据与专业模型,提出复杂流域智能化水文预报方面的解决方案;同时,进一步通过构建黄河洪水与冰凌专业知识域、完善水文学−水动力学−热力学耦合预报模型,利用历史水文气象预报知识对DeepSeek进行训练,逐步提升模型的应用能力[26]。通过整合1000余座重点煤矿的水害数据、578个矿区的项目资料及千余组水化学数据,全国首个煤矿防治水全数据集成平台——“探脉”大模型于2025年10月成功发布。该模型可实现煤矿水害多源数据智能抽取、知识图谱构建及防治水相关代码辅助生成等功能,贴合水文地质大语言模型的应用场景。这一转变标志着煤矿防治水正从传统的经验依赖模式,向“数智化精准治理”的全新时代迈进[27]
2) 多模态数据融合:当前,多模态数据融合的研究前沿已超越了单纯追求算法创新,转向以水文地质物理机制为核心驱动。这一转变旨在通过物理规律引导多源数据的融合过程,从而提升对地下水系统结构、参数及动态过程更机理化、更透彻的认知水平,为水资源管理与地质安全保障提供了全新的技术支撑。例如,有研究将时序合成孔径雷达干涉(InSAR)监测获得的地面沉降/抬升数据,作为物理约束直接耦合到地下水流动−应力模型中,成功反演了含水层储水系数、压缩系数及地下水开采量的时空分布[28]。另有研究通过构建“先验−后验−场景”物理约束框架,对多模态遥感信号进行智能分解,精准地从京津冀地区复杂的干扰信号(如地质构造运动、城市荷载)中分离出由地下水开采引发的地面沉降分量,为地下水−地面沉降的分层监测开辟了全新的技术路径[29]。然而,跨模态数据的对齐、标准化与统一表征是当前的主要瓶颈。例如,大范围、低分辨率的遥感数据与局部、高分辨率的地球物理数据之间存在时空尺度不匹配问题,亟需发展有效的尺度转换模型。同时,无论是岩芯图像参数识别还是地球物理剖面解译,都高度依赖大量高质量的“图像−地质真相”配对数据用于模型训练,而这类数据的获取成本极高,制约了技术的广泛应用与发展。
3) 不确定性量化:面对水文地质固有的多源不确定性(地质结构、参数、边界条件),2025年水文地质智能计算的研究重点从“追求单一最优预测”转向了“提供可靠的预测区间”。如从观测数据、概念模型到计算过程,最终通过创新的物理信息智能方法提供可靠的预测区间,使决策者能够充分理解预测的“置信度”。有研究提出了“物理信息神经网络−不确定性”(PINN−UU)框架,将物理方程与参数不确定性空间统一求解,能够在观测数据极少甚至缺失的情况下,直接给出模型预测的概率分布[25]。另有研究提出了一种全新反演方法(空间信息场生成器−集合平滑器(ES−SIFG)),专门针对小样本、非均质含水层条件,提升参数识别与不确定性量化的能力[30]。上述研究表明,水文地质学的不确定性量化正走向前置、透明和全链条融合。未来的智能系统必将涵盖从“数据输入”到“模型构建”再到“预测输出”的全生命周期。
水文地质智能计算的基础设施已从提供单一工具,发展为支撑“物理机理—AI—数据—算力”闭环的协同生态,正加速整个学科从传统数据驱动,迈向更可靠、更智能、更具业务价值的物理信息融合新阶段。为了实现复杂的物理过程模拟与AI计算方法相结合,2025年出现了多个具有代表性的开源工具箱和平台。如SMASH v1.0,可微分、可区域化的高分辨率水文建模框架,支持从集水区到国家尺度的模拟,其核心在于集成了基于过程的物理算子,并能与神经网络混合,实现参数区域化[31]。HydroModPy是一款基于Python的开源工具箱,能够在流域尺度实现浅层地下水数值模型自动化部署,将传统数值模拟流程(构建−率定−分析)标准化和自动化,为AI代理模型集成或不确定性量化分析提供便捷入口[32]。这2种工具使研究者能更专注于融合方法本身,而非底层编码。
2025年水文地质智能计算的核心研究范式已从数据驱动迈入了物理信息深度融合的新阶段,在地下水渗流精细模拟与参数反演、地表−地下水耦合过程与复杂系统模拟等复杂场景中初步实现了从“黑箱预测”到“机理可信模拟”的跨越。然而,支持大模型的全面应用,如何将复杂的水文地质机理系统地编码为机器可理解、可计算的约束条件,如何构建可用于大模型训练的AI就绪数据集,以及如何建立与现有工程设计和管理规范相衔接的标准与流程等关键问题仍有待解决。本文以浅埋煤层采空区特殊下垫面地表−地下水耦合过程与复杂系统模拟场景为例,提出了建立多源数据、多物理过程、多时空尺度模型的动态耦合与协同智能计算框架。
1) 场景介绍:黄河流域形成了一种特殊的下垫面类型——采空塌陷和地裂缝,引起了流域水文环境和水文地质条件的变化。传统的地下水−地表水耦合模型较少考虑这种裂隙应力对岩(土)体渗透性的影响,严重影响了模型的模拟精度(图1)。
有研究表明,不考虑裂隙发育特征,传统的水文模型在洪水过程的预测预报中误差会放大至70%以上,甚至会完全失效[33]。研究以窟野河流域为例,提出水文地质智能计算技术框架,旨在量化煤炭开采对窟野河径流衰减的具体贡献率,揭示“煤水”资源共生机制,预警因采空区沉陷库容效应可能引发的异常洪水过程,在“保水采煤”“生态修复”和“煤炭保供”等多目标间,提供基于模拟推演和数据驱动的量化权衡依据(图2)。该场景集中体现了人类采矿活动与自然水循环过程的强烈交互,直面保水采煤与生态修复现实矛盾,其解决方案对同类矿区及变化环境下的煤炭资源协同管理具有普遍参考价值。
2) 数据融合与数字孪生体:整合基础地质、基础地理、水文地质、工程地质、水文气象监测、遥感影像等多源数据,实现多源数据AI−ready化处理,以获取标准化的三维地质模型、采动裂隙网络概率分布图、时空连续的气象水文场数据等。在此基础上,将处理后的多源数据融合到统一的时空网格框架中,形成“数据立方体”。引入地学知识图谱,建立数据间的语义关联,构建动态知识增强的数字孪生体。
3) 智能任务规划与多模型协同调度:该阶段主要目标是通过增强型智能体解析复杂任务,并动态规划、调度各类专业模型。如可执行的子任务,生成未来气候情景、模拟地表产汇流过程、模拟地下水循环过程、评估采空区上覆岩(土)体稳定性等。根据任务设计工作流,如自动选择并提出合适的模型组合方案(如SWAT、MODFLOW、FLAC3D等);考虑模型间的动态耦合机制,确定在何种时间尺度、以何种数据格式进行模型间信息交换等。
4) 知识驱动的专业模型与计算:引入物理约束的机器学习模型,解决采动裂隙−渗流关系无法精细模拟的问题;将岩体裂隙渗流理论作为内在约束,利用历史观测数据进行训练,输出能够等效表征裂隙应力−渗流耦合关系的“等效渗透系数场”,解决了机理模型参数难以确定的难题。在智能体的调度下,地表水(SWAT)−地下水(MODFLOW)−岩土力学(FLAC3D)等专业模型统一数据输入和边界条件启动计算,实现跨过程耦合。如,流固耦合非线性力学模型模拟裂隙发育过程影响地下水渗流过程;水文模型计算的渗透补给量实时影响地下水补给。
5) 情景推演、风险评估与决策优化:系统自动生成多种预设情景(如极端降雨情景、不同矿区排水策略、不同废弃矿山开发利用方案)。如以窟野河流域的煤矿阶段性关闭路径为目标,结合未来气候变化情景和下垫面预测情景,系统自动运行煤炭逐步退出、煤炭停止开采、煤炭持续开采等多种情景,通过优化算法(如遗传算法)自动求解出最优的地下水开采、矿区排水协同方案,并输出定量化的综合管理预案与决策报告。
6) 闭环学习与优化:平台通过接收新的监测数据,自动启动同化流程,反向校正优化核心专业模型,使数字孪生体的模拟能力不断提升。另外,系统每次的模拟−验证循环,关键参数、模型配置和调度策略等都会整合进智能体,通过不断学习逐步提升模拟效率和准确性,实现自我进化。
以上关键步骤可以构建一个能够应对采空区特殊下垫面极端复杂性的动态、自适应、持续成长的智能计算模型。将数据、模型、AI和领域专家的智慧深度融合,为探讨变化环境对黄河流域水循环过程演变的响应机制研究提供科学依据,为采空区灾害综合防治提供方法支撑。
通过对2025年水文地质智能计算热点回顾表明,水文地质智能计算正从传统数据驱动转向物理信息融合范式,从解决单一问题的“技术点”突破,迈向重构从数据感知、知识挖掘到模拟决策的完整研究链条。虽然存在机理编码、数据和标准不完善等多重瓶颈,但其在提升地下水渗流精细模拟与参数反演、地表−地下水耦合过程与复杂系统模拟等复杂场景的透明度、预测精度和决策科学性方面,展现出了变革性的潜力。下一步,要加快构建集成“感知—模拟—决策”闭环系统,实现多源数据、多物理过程、多时空尺度模型的动态耦合与协同计算。展望2026年,期待水文地质领域能够涌现出更多具有原创性和突破性的成果。
  • 国家自然科学基金面上项目(4257012371)
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2026年第44卷第1期
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doi: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2025.12.00058
  • 接收时间:2025-12-09
  • 首发时间:2026-02-03
  • 出版时间:2026-01-13
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  • 收稿日期:2025-12-09
  • 修回日期:2025-12-18
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国家自然科学基金面上项目(4257012371)
作者信息
    1中国矿业大学(北京)地球科学与测绘工程学院,北京 100083
    2中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京 100101
    3中国科学院大学资源与环境学院,北京 101408

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林刚(通信作者),副研究员,研究方向为能矿资源水资源协同利用,电子信箱:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
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Genus
种数
Number of
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占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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