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2025年12月15日,中国智能网联汽车产业迎来里程碑式时刻,工业和信息化部联合多部委正式向长安汽车与极狐汽车颁发了首批“L3级有条件自动驾驶车型准入许可”,标志着中国自动驾驶技术正式跨越了从实验室测试到规模化商用的分水岭,开启了智能出行的新纪元。

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(图片来源:北京国际科技创新中心官网)

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    2025年12月15日,中国智能网联汽车产业迎来里程碑式时刻,工业和信息化部联合多部委正式向长安汽车与极狐汽车颁发了首批“L3级有条件自动驾驶车型准入许可”,标志着中国自动驾驶技术正式跨越了从实验室测试到规模化商用的分水岭,开启了智能出行的新纪元。

    . 中国L3级首批自动驾驶车型准入许可正式落地. 科技导报, 2025 , 43 (24) : 8 -8 .
    . Science & Technology Review, 2025 , 43 (24) : 8 -8 .
    2025年12月15日,中国智能网联汽车产业迎来里程碑式时刻,工业和信息化部联合多部委正式向长安汽车与极狐汽车颁发了首批“L3级有条件自动驾驶车型准入许可”,标志着中国自动驾驶技术正式跨越了从实验室测试到规模化商用的分水岭,开启了智能出行的新纪元。
    与目前市场上主流的L2级组合驾驶辅助不同,此次获批的L3级自动驾驶意味着在特定的设计运行条件下,系统将接管全部驾驶任务。在系统激活期间,车辆的驾驶责任主体首次从“人”转向了“系统”,驾驶员不再需要时刻盯着路面或紧握方向盘,只需在系统发出“接管请求”后的规定时间内恢复人工操作即可。这种从“辅助”到“自动”的质变,不仅是对智驾算法的考验,更是对车辆软硬件可靠性的深度背书。
    在首批获批的名单中,2家车企在技术应用场景上呈现出差异化的布局。长安汽车依托其自研的“天枢智能”技术体系,重点锁定了城市交通拥堵场景。其搭载在深蓝SL03等车型上的L3级功能,能够在时速50 km/h以下实现单车道全自动驾驶,旨在解放驾驶者在枯燥堵车环境中的注意力。长安汽车通过多重电子围栏和冗余执行机构,构建了超过500万km的道路实证体系,确保在复杂城市环境下的运行安全。
    与之相比,极狐汽车则针对高速领航场景进行了深度优化。其获批车型配备了包含3颗激光雷达在内的360度感知融合方案,支持在指定高速公路上以最高80 km/h的速度自动驾驶。这一方案更强调对高速环境下远距离障碍物的精准识别和高速决策的稳健性,体现了高阶智驾传感器与高算力平台的深度融合优势。
    准入许可证的落地离不开严苛的制度与技术约束。工业和信息化部要求所有准入车型必须强制配备自动驾驶数据记录系统(DSSAD),即车载“黑匣子”,用于实时记录系统决策和干预过程,为事故定责提供法律证据。同时,车辆必须具备转向、制动及通信的双重冗余设计,确保在主系统故障时能安全引导车辆靠边停靠。此外,配套的新型产品责任险也同步上线,确立了“保险先行赔付、黑匣子追数定责”的闭环机制,解决了智驾上路的法律后顾之忧。
    在L3级自动驾驶的全球竞速中,德国通过先发立法明确责任归属,推动奔驰等系统率先实现合法化商业运营;美国坚持不受基建限制的单车智能路线,却在“技术激进”与“责任保守”的割裂中寻求平衡;而中国则另辟蹊径,坚定走“车路云一体化”战略,通过智慧路侧设施与云端协同赋予车辆“上帝视角”,构建起从“单兵作战”向“体系协同”演进的独特技术护城河,实现了与欧美单车智能截然不同的中国式跨越。
    (综合:21经济网、新华网、中国科技网)

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    2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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    属数
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    Number of
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    Genus
    种数
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    Percentage of total
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    鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
    小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
    多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
    红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
    小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
    光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
    红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
    栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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