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(图片来源:中国航天科技集团)

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    2025年12月16日11时17分,中国在太原卫星发射中心使用长征四号乙运载火箭,成功将资源三号04星(ZY3-04)发射升空并顺利进入轨道。作为中国民用高分辨率光学立体测绘卫星系列的最新成员,资源三号04星的入轨标志着中国自主立体测绘能力实现了从“二维平面”到“三维立体”的质变跃升。

    . 资源三号卫星让立体测绘迈入“日覆盖”时代. 科技导报, 2025 , 43 (24) : 2 -2 .
    . Science & Technology Review, 2025 , 43 (24) : 2 -2 .
    2025年12月16日11时17分,中国在太原卫星发射中心使用长征四号乙运载火箭,成功将资源三号04星(ZY3-04)发射升空并顺利进入轨道。作为中国民用高分辨率光学立体测绘卫星系列的最新成员,资源三号04星的入轨标志着中国自主立体测绘能力实现了从“二维平面”到“三维立体”的质变跃升。
    资源三号04星核心有效载荷为三线阵相机、多光谱相机和激光测高仪。这3台载荷将进一步增强中国独立获取空间地理信息的能力,提升中国测绘服务保障水平。
    三线阵相机就像“立体摄影师”。通过搭载的前视、正视、后视3台相机,在飞行过程中,卫星分别从不同角度拍摄同一地物。通过解析这3张图像之间的视差(Parallax),可以构成一个立体影像。这类似于人类双眼产生深度感知的原理,但卫星利用的是“3只眼”和高速运动。
    多光谱相机如同“指纹采集师”。地球上各种物质都有独特的光谱特征,如同人的指纹。该相机收集这些光谱,科研人员通过分析可判断物体性质,区分海洋、森林、农田等,还能评估农作物产量、植被状况和水质污染。
    激光测高仪发射到地面的激光光束越细、间隔越密,高度测量就会越精确。为了进一步提升卫星测距精度,研制团队基于前序卫星应用情况,对资源三号04星激光测高仪进行进一步升级——将足印尺寸缩小了近1/2,激光测量频率提升了一倍多,让激光测高仪的波形信息获取能力更强。这样一来,激光器“照射”在地面的“取样点”增加,同时每次“照射”到的物体少而精,就能将地面物体高程测量得更加精准。特别是在丘陵和山地等地形复杂的地区,会得到更好的应用效果。
    同时,资源三号04星在继承现有双频GPS导航系统的基础上,增加了双频北斗导航系统,进一步提高了实时定位精度,支持高定位精度影像实时获取。基于此,研究人员可以在三维影像图上直接做国土空间规划,更加直观、真实,不仅能定位地块,还能测算坡度;通过地质灾害发生前后三维对比,不仅能清晰展示灾害体周边环境特征,还能用于估算灾害体体积。
    资源三号04星入轨后,将接替已于今年退役的资源三号01星,与目前在轨的资源三号02星、03星以及高分七号卫星共同组成高分辨率立体测绘卫星星座,全球任意一点的重访周期由3天缩短至1天,应急响应可实现“当天任务、当天成像”。
    截至发射前,资源三号系列卫星已累计获取有效影像403万景,全球陆地有效覆盖率高达91%,打破国外高分辨率立体数据垄断。随着04星加入,能够将国土基础测绘数据获取能力提高1.5倍,有效满足测绘任务更新时效性要求,并带动下游测绘、遥感、无人机、三维建模等产业链。
    (综合:央视网和国家航天局官网)

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    2种不同金属材料的力学参数

    Family
    属数
    Number of
    genus
    种数
    Number of
    species
    占总种数比例
    Percentage of
    total species (%)

    Genus
    种数
    Number of
    species
    占总种数比例
    Percentage of total
    species (%)
    鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
    小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
    多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
    红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
    小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
    光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
    红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
    栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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