Article(id=1218130663962759701, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, issueId=1218130661861409543, articleNumber=null, orderNo=22, doi=10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2024.12.01784, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1735056000000, receivedDateStr=2024-12-25, revisedDate=1759766400000, revisedDateStr=2025-10-07, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1768354582061, onlineDateStr=2026-01-14, pubDate=1766851200000, pubDateStr=2025-12-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1768147200000, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-01-12, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1768354582061, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774080414764, updator=sys-migrate, issue=Issue{id=1218130661861409543, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, year='2025', volume='43', issue='24', pageStart='1', pageEnd='119', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1766851200000', pubDateStr='2025-12-28', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1768354581561, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1774330540257, updator='13041195026', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1243195649395634850, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, issueId=1218130661861409543, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1243195649399829155, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, issueId=1218130661861409543, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=101, endPage=110, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1218130665296548378, articleId=1218130663962759701, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, language=EN, title=Ecological stoichiometry characteristics of plant organs and sediments of Sonneratia apetala and Kandelia obovata forests, columnId=1150494644690366681, journalTitle=Science & Technology Review, columnName=Papers, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Ecological stoichiometry characteristics of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) in plant organs and sediments of the exotic mangrove Sonneratia apetala and the native Kandelia obovata were compared, and the relationship between the ecological stoichiometry parameters of mangrove plant organs and key physico−chemical properties of sediments was examined. The C, N, and P contents in leaves, branches, roots, and the 0~1 m sediment layer were analyzed for an unvegetated mudflat, 12−year−old (SA12) and 18−year−old (SA18) S. apetala plantations, and a 40−year−old native K. obovata forest in Qi'ao Island, Zhuhai. It was shown that no significant difference in C and N contents of the same plant organ existed between the different−aged S. apetala forests. Higher P content and a lower C∶P ratio were observed in the leaves of the 12−year−old S. apetala trees compared to those of the 18−year−old trees, indicating more rapid growth in the younger stand. The SOC and N contents in the 0~20 cm sediment layer of the S. apetala forests were found to be significantly higher than those in the unvegetated mudflat. The SOC content, N content, and C∶N ratio in the 0~20 cm sediment layer of the 12−year−old S. apetala forest were found to be significantly lower than those of the 18−year−old forest. In the 0~60 cm sediment layer, the SOC and N contents, as well as the C∶N ratio, were found to be significantly lower in the S. apetala forests than in the K. obovata forest. It was indicated by correlation analysis (RDA) that sediment bulk density was the major factor affecting the ecological stoichiometry of mangrove plant organs. These findings suggest that for long−term carbon sequestration in mangrove restoration, native species like K. obovata should be prioritized; management of S. apetala plantations should be age−specific (e.g., addressing N limitation in young stands and P limitation in older stands); and the improvement of sediment physical structure (e.g., bulk density) can enhance the overall ecosystem functionality.

, authors=null, authorsList=Jianxiang FENG, Qi SHI, Chenxi YU, Lieyi CHEN, Xinao GUO, Long WEI, Guanghui LIN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Guanghui LIN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=All rights reserved. Unauthorized reproduction is prohibited., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1218130666269626926, articleId=1218130663962759701, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, language=CN, title=无瓣海桑和秋茄林植物器官及沉积物的生态化学计量特征, columnId=1146540929516700224, journalTitle=科技导报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

研究外来种无瓣海桑和乡土种秋茄的植物器官及沉积物碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)化学计量特征,探究红树植物器官C、N、P化学计量与沉积物理化性质是否存在关联性。以珠海淇澳岛12年生(SA12)和18年生(SA18)无瓣海桑人工林及附近40年生秋茄天然林为研究对象,选取光滩作为对照,采集植物叶片、枝条、根系以及0~1 m深度沉积物,测定C、N、P含量。结果表明:不同林龄无瓣海桑同一植物器官C和N含量无显著性差异。秋茄叶片C含量(486.35±5.49 g/kg)显著高于无瓣海桑(SA12:396.85±10.64 g/kg、SA18:398.32±5.57 g/kg),秋茄枝条C含量显著(420.99±2.76 g/kg)低于18年生无瓣海桑(431.38±2.53 g/kg)。12年生无瓣海桑叶片P含量(1.31±0.02 g/kg)显著高于18年生无瓣海桑(0.80±0.04 g/kg),叶片低C∶P表明12年生无瓣海桑生长速度较快。无瓣海桑人工林0~20 cm沉积物的SOC含量和N含量显著高于光滩。12年生无瓣海桑人工林0~20 cm深度沉积物SOC含量、N含量和C∶N显著低于18年生无瓣海桑人工林。无瓣海桑人工林0~60 cm深度沉积物SOC和N含量及C∶N显著低于秋茄天然林。分析发现,沉积物的容重是红树植物器官生态化学计量变化的主导因子。研究结果表明,在红树林生态恢复中,若追求长期碳汇功能应优先选择秋茄等乡土树种;对无瓣海桑人工林的管理需根据林龄(如幼龄林氮限制、老龄林磷限制)进行差异化养分调控,并可通过改善沉积物容重等物理结构来提升其生态功能。

, authors=

冯建祥,副教授,研究方向为滨海湿地生态学,电子信箱:

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林光辉(通信作者),教授,研究方向为滨海湿地生态学、全球变化生态学和稳定同位素生态学,电子信箱:
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冯建祥,副教授,研究方向为滨海湿地生态学,电子信箱:

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journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1218130663962759701, companyId=1242146568976015556, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=5清华大学地球系统科学系,地球系统科学模拟教育部重点实验室,北京 100084)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1242146572784443640, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1218130663962759701, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=dnwK5EyuaXNeA0R71I18Mg==, figureFileBig=wtpbqwdXXecF3g/ioMEqxg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242146572847358201, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1218130663962759701, language=CN, label=图1, caption=淇澳岛红树林样地点位图

MF—光滩;SA18—2002年种植的18年生无瓣海桑人工林(SA18);SA12—2008年种植的12年生无瓣海桑人工林(SA12);

NKO—秋茄天然林(NKO)

, figureFileSmall=dnwK5EyuaXNeA0R71I18Mg==, figureFileBig=wtpbqwdXXecF3g/ioMEqxg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242146572927049978, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1218130663962759701, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=d1Rm7LtaNPOyKm10JLmYEQ==, figureFileBig=V92UG5JNgzZkCXsF1BnYdg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242146572981575931, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1218130663962759701, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同红树植物器官C、N、P含量及其化学计量比

不同大写字母表示不同红树林同一植物器官有显著差异,不同小写字母表示同一红树植物不同器官有显著差异

, figureFileSmall=d1Rm7LtaNPOyKm10JLmYEQ==, figureFileBig=V92UG5JNgzZkCXsF1BnYdg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242146573040296188, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1218130663962759701, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=e7m/D1KK42+CQGV2IinZ3Q==, figureFileBig=6U800woSXuOPDqh85I67SA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242146573107405055, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1218130663962759701, language=CN, label=图3, caption=植物器官C、N、P含量及其化学计量比和沉积物理化因子关系的冗余分析图

蓝色箭头表示沉积物的理化性质;红色箭头表示植物器官的C、N、P含量及化学计量比;SOC—沉积物有机碳含量;SN—沉积物氮含量;

SP—沉积物磷含量;SWC—沉积物含水量;Salinity—沉积物盐度;pH—沉积物pH值;BD—沉积物容重

, figureFileSmall=e7m/D1KK42+CQGV2IinZ3Q==, figureFileBig=6U800woSXuOPDqh85I67SA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242146573170319616, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1218130663962759701, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数 MF SA12 SA18 NKO
注:同行不同字母表示差异显著。
pH 7.67±0.08a 7.10±0.18b 6.68±0.20c 7.17±0.43b
盐度 /‰ 4.97±0.67bc 5.60±1.19ab 6.33±1.37a 4.68±1.36c
含水量/(g·g−1 0.63±0.09b 0.69±0.06b 0.62±0.07b 1.01±0.29a
容重 /(g·cm−3 0.88±0.14a 0.78±0.05b 0.88±0.10a 0.64±0.14c
), ArticleFig(id=1242146573245817089, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1218130663962759701, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

研究区沉积物理化性质

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数 MF SA12 SA18 NKO
注:同行不同字母表示差异显著。
pH 7.67±0.08a 7.10±0.18b 6.68±0.20c 7.17±0.43b
盐度 /‰ 4.97±0.67bc 5.60±1.19ab 6.33±1.37a 4.68±1.36c
含水量/(g·g−1 0.63±0.09b 0.69±0.06b 0.62±0.07b 1.01±0.29a
容重 /(g·cm−3 0.88±0.14a 0.78±0.05b 0.88±0.10a 0.64±0.14c
), ArticleFig(id=1242146573304537346, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1218130663962759701, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样地类型 沉积物深度 有机碳含量/ (g·kg−1 总氮含量/ (g·kg−1 总磷含量/ (g·kg−1 碳氮比
碳磷比
氮磷比
注:不同大写字母表示不同红树林同一沉积物层差异显著,不同小写字母表示同一红树林不同沉积物层差异显著。
MF 0~20 cm 14.30±0.35Db 1.80±0.04Ca 0.85±0.02Ac 7.95±0.16Ca 16.87±0.77Ca 2.12±0.09Ba
20~40 cm 15.30±0.76Bab 1.77±0.04Ca 0.93±0.05Aa 8.65±0.57Ba 16.49±1.09Ba 1.91±0.16Ba
40~60 cm 15.90±0.44Ba 1.86±0.04Aa 0.92±0.02Aab 8.56±0.41Ba 17.36±0.59Ba 2.03±0.09Ba
60~80 cm 15.71±0.57Aba 1.77±0.04Aa 0.88±0.01Aabc 8.88±0.37Aba 17.89±0.58Aa 2.02±0.07Aa
80~100 cm 14.8±0.54BCab 1.74±0.13Ba 0.86±0.02Abc 8.56±0.90Aa 17.13±0.63Aa 2.02±0.18Aa
SA12 0~20 cm 18.70±0.91Ca 2.05±0.11BCa 0.93±0.02Aa 9.11±0.27BCa 20.06±0.54Ca 2.20±0.10Ba
20~40 cm 16.90±0.83Ba 1.90±0.04BCa 0.83±0.06Aab 8.93±0.49Ba 20.34±1.15Ba 2.29±0.21Ba
40~60 cm 18.20±2.36Ba 1.99±0.11Aa 0.74±0.08Bb 9.13±0.67Ba 25.27±5.63Ba 2.75±0.44ABa
60~80 cm 17.04±0.51Aa 1.93±0.00Aa 0.82±0.11Aab 8.83±0.26Ba 21.11±3.34Aa 2.39±0.34Aa
80~100 cm 17.53±1.21ABa 1.96±0.09Aa 0.87±0.03Aab 8.95±0.29Aa 20.19±1.93Aa 2.25±0.15Aa
SA18 0~20 cm 24.20±1.15Ba 2.35±0.04Ba 0.95±0.09Aa 10.30±0.33Ba 25.61±2.46Ba 2.49±0.24Ba
20~40 cm 23.20±4.34Bab 2.14±0.11Bb 0.89±0.04Aa 10.79±1.46ABa 26.24±4.90Ba 2.42±0.13Ba
40~60 cm 19.90±1.72Bab 2.02±0.07Ab 0.92±0.09Aa 9.85±0.50Ba 22.08 ± 3.95Ba 2.23±0.30ABa
60~80 cm 18.95±0.49Ab 1.96±0.04Ab 0.93±0.04Aa 9.67±0.27ABa 20.51±1.35Aa 2.12±0.13Aa
80~100 cm 18.65±1.53Ab 1.96±0.11Ab 0.89±0.05Aa 9.52±0.39Aa 21.16±2.74Aa 2.22±0.27Aa
NKO 0~20 cm 42.22±1.78Aa 3.07±0.45Aa 0.87±0.06Aa 13.94±1.75Aa 48.86±1.61Aa 3.57±0.50Aa
20~40 cm 36.32±6.72Aa 2.62±0.18Aab 0.65±0.09Bb 13.86±2.47Aa 57.69±16.51Aa 4.11 ± 0.69Aa
40~60 cm 38.32±8.04Aa 2.35±0.48Ab 0.73±0.09Bab 16.22±1.01Aa 53.85±16.20Aa 3.28±0.82Aab
60~80 cm 14.75±2.38Bb 1.44±0.19Bc 0.65±0.03Bb 10.16±0.68Ab 22.55±2.80Ab 2.21±0.17Abc
80~100 cm 13.09±2.11Cb 1.47±0.05Cc 0.74±0.02Bab 8.88±1.26Ab 17.83±3.21Ab 2.00±0.11Ac
), ArticleFig(id=1242146573375840516, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1218130663962759701, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同群落沉积物SOC、TN、TP含量及化学计量比

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样地类型 沉积物深度 有机碳含量/ (g·kg−1 总氮含量/ (g·kg−1 总磷含量/ (g·kg−1 碳氮比
碳磷比
氮磷比
注:不同大写字母表示不同红树林同一沉积物层差异显著,不同小写字母表示同一红树林不同沉积物层差异显著。
MF 0~20 cm 14.30±0.35Db 1.80±0.04Ca 0.85±0.02Ac 7.95±0.16Ca 16.87±0.77Ca 2.12±0.09Ba
20~40 cm 15.30±0.76Bab 1.77±0.04Ca 0.93±0.05Aa 8.65±0.57Ba 16.49±1.09Ba 1.91±0.16Ba
40~60 cm 15.90±0.44Ba 1.86±0.04Aa 0.92±0.02Aab 8.56±0.41Ba 17.36±0.59Ba 2.03±0.09Ba
60~80 cm 15.71±0.57Aba 1.77±0.04Aa 0.88±0.01Aabc 8.88±0.37Aba 17.89±0.58Aa 2.02±0.07Aa
80~100 cm 14.8±0.54BCab 1.74±0.13Ba 0.86±0.02Abc 8.56±0.90Aa 17.13±0.63Aa 2.02±0.18Aa
SA12 0~20 cm 18.70±0.91Ca 2.05±0.11BCa 0.93±0.02Aa 9.11±0.27BCa 20.06±0.54Ca 2.20±0.10Ba
20~40 cm 16.90±0.83Ba 1.90±0.04BCa 0.83±0.06Aab 8.93±0.49Ba 20.34±1.15Ba 2.29±0.21Ba
40~60 cm 18.20±2.36Ba 1.99±0.11Aa 0.74±0.08Bb 9.13±0.67Ba 25.27±5.63Ba 2.75±0.44ABa
60~80 cm 17.04±0.51Aa 1.93±0.00Aa 0.82±0.11Aab 8.83±0.26Ba 21.11±3.34Aa 2.39±0.34Aa
80~100 cm 17.53±1.21ABa 1.96±0.09Aa 0.87±0.03Aab 8.95±0.29Aa 20.19±1.93Aa 2.25±0.15Aa
SA18 0~20 cm 24.20±1.15Ba 2.35±0.04Ba 0.95±0.09Aa 10.30±0.33Ba 25.61±2.46Ba 2.49±0.24Ba
20~40 cm 23.20±4.34Bab 2.14±0.11Bb 0.89±0.04Aa 10.79±1.46ABa 26.24±4.90Ba 2.42±0.13Ba
40~60 cm 19.90±1.72Bab 2.02±0.07Ab 0.92±0.09Aa 9.85±0.50Ba 22.08 ± 3.95Ba 2.23±0.30ABa
60~80 cm 18.95±0.49Ab 1.96±0.04Ab 0.93±0.04Aa 9.67±0.27ABa 20.51±1.35Aa 2.12±0.13Aa
80~100 cm 18.65±1.53Ab 1.96±0.11Ab 0.89±0.05Aa 9.52±0.39Aa 21.16±2.74Aa 2.22±0.27Aa
NKO 0~20 cm 42.22±1.78Aa 3.07±0.45Aa 0.87±0.06Aa 13.94±1.75Aa 48.86±1.61Aa 3.57±0.50Aa
20~40 cm 36.32±6.72Aa 2.62±0.18Aab 0.65±0.09Bb 13.86±2.47Aa 57.69±16.51Aa 4.11 ± 0.69Aa
40~60 cm 38.32±8.04Aa 2.35±0.48Ab 0.73±0.09Bab 16.22±1.01Aa 53.85±16.20Aa 3.28±0.82Aab
60~80 cm 14.75±2.38Bb 1.44±0.19Bc 0.65±0.03Bb 10.16±0.68Ab 22.55±2.80Ab 2.21±0.17Abc
80~100 cm 13.09±2.11Cb 1.47±0.05Cc 0.74±0.02Bab 8.88±1.26Ab 17.83±3.21Ab 2.00±0.11Ac
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无瓣海桑和秋茄林植物器官及沉积物的生态化学计量特征
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冯建祥 1 , 史祺 2 , 于晨曦 3 , 陈猎一 2 , 郭新澳 2 , 魏龙 4 , 林光辉 2, 5, *
科技导报 | 研究论文 2025,43(24): 101-110
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科技导报 |研究论文 2025 , 43 (24) : 101 -110
无瓣海桑和秋茄林植物器官及沉积物的生态化学计量特征
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5Department of Earth System Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1242146571916222700, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1218130663962759701, authorId=1242146571752644840, language=CN, stringName=林光辉, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, 5, *, address=2清华大学深圳国际研究生院海洋工程研究院,深圳 518055
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冯建祥1 , 史祺2, 于晨曦3, 陈猎一2, 郭新澳2, 魏龙4, 林光辉2, 5, *
作者信息
  • 1中山大学海洋科学学院/南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(珠海),珠海 519000
  • 2清华大学深圳国际研究生院海洋工程研究院,深圳 518055
  • 3中国科学院南海海洋研究所,热带海洋生物资源与生态重点实验室/广东省应用海洋生物学重点实验室,广州 510301
  • 4广东省林业科学研究院/广东省森林培育与保护利用重点实验室/广东沿海防护林生态系统国家定位观测研究站,广州 510520
  • 5清华大学地球系统科学系,地球系统科学模拟教育部重点实验室,北京 100084
通讯作者:
林光辉(通信作者),教授,研究方向为滨海湿地生态学、全球变化生态学和稳定同位素生态学,电子信箱:
Ecological stoichiometry characteristics of plant organs and sediments of Sonneratia apetala and Kandelia obovata forests
Jianxiang FENG1 , Qi SHI2, Chenxi YU3, Lieyi CHEN2, Xinao GUO2, Long WEI4, Guanghui LIN2, 5, *
Affiliations
  • 1School of Marine Sciences/Southern Marine Scienceand Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat−sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
  • 2Institute of Ocean Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
  • 3Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio−resources and Ecology/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology Applications, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
  • 4Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization /Guangdong Coastal Shelter−belt Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station / Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China
  • 5Department of Earth System Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
出版时间: 2025-12-28 doi: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2024.12.01784
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研究外来种无瓣海桑和乡土种秋茄的植物器官及沉积物碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)化学计量特征,探究红树植物器官C、N、P化学计量与沉积物理化性质是否存在关联性。以珠海淇澳岛12年生(SA12)和18年生(SA18)无瓣海桑人工林及附近40年生秋茄天然林为研究对象,选取光滩作为对照,采集植物叶片、枝条、根系以及0~1 m深度沉积物,测定C、N、P含量。结果表明:不同林龄无瓣海桑同一植物器官C和N含量无显著性差异。秋茄叶片C含量(486.35±5.49 g/kg)显著高于无瓣海桑(SA12:396.85±10.64 g/kg、SA18:398.32±5.57 g/kg),秋茄枝条C含量显著(420.99±2.76 g/kg)低于18年生无瓣海桑(431.38±2.53 g/kg)。12年生无瓣海桑叶片P含量(1.31±0.02 g/kg)显著高于18年生无瓣海桑(0.80±0.04 g/kg),叶片低C∶P表明12年生无瓣海桑生长速度较快。无瓣海桑人工林0~20 cm沉积物的SOC含量和N含量显著高于光滩。12年生无瓣海桑人工林0~20 cm深度沉积物SOC含量、N含量和C∶N显著低于18年生无瓣海桑人工林。无瓣海桑人工林0~60 cm深度沉积物SOC和N含量及C∶N显著低于秋茄天然林。分析发现,沉积物的容重是红树植物器官生态化学计量变化的主导因子。研究结果表明,在红树林生态恢复中,若追求长期碳汇功能应优先选择秋茄等乡土树种;对无瓣海桑人工林的管理需根据林龄(如幼龄林氮限制、老龄林磷限制)进行差异化养分调控,并可通过改善沉积物容重等物理结构来提升其生态功能。

无瓣海桑  /  植物器官  /  沉积物  /  生态化学计量  /  树龄影响

Ecological stoichiometry characteristics of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) in plant organs and sediments of the exotic mangrove Sonneratia apetala and the native Kandelia obovata were compared, and the relationship between the ecological stoichiometry parameters of mangrove plant organs and key physico−chemical properties of sediments was examined. The C, N, and P contents in leaves, branches, roots, and the 0~1 m sediment layer were analyzed for an unvegetated mudflat, 12−year−old (SA12) and 18−year−old (SA18) S. apetala plantations, and a 40−year−old native K. obovata forest in Qi'ao Island, Zhuhai. It was shown that no significant difference in C and N contents of the same plant organ existed between the different−aged S. apetala forests. Higher P content and a lower C∶P ratio were observed in the leaves of the 12−year−old S. apetala trees compared to those of the 18−year−old trees, indicating more rapid growth in the younger stand. The SOC and N contents in the 0~20 cm sediment layer of the S. apetala forests were found to be significantly higher than those in the unvegetated mudflat. The SOC content, N content, and C∶N ratio in the 0~20 cm sediment layer of the 12−year−old S. apetala forest were found to be significantly lower than those of the 18−year−old forest. In the 0~60 cm sediment layer, the SOC and N contents, as well as the C∶N ratio, were found to be significantly lower in the S. apetala forests than in the K. obovata forest. It was indicated by correlation analysis (RDA) that sediment bulk density was the major factor affecting the ecological stoichiometry of mangrove plant organs. These findings suggest that for long−term carbon sequestration in mangrove restoration, native species like K. obovata should be prioritized; management of S. apetala plantations should be age−specific (e.g., addressing N limitation in young stands and P limitation in older stands); and the improvement of sediment physical structure (e.g., bulk density) can enhance the overall ecosystem functionality.

Sonneratia apetala  /  plant organs  /  sediment  /  ecological stoichiometry  /  forest age effect
冯建祥, 史祺, 于晨曦, 陈猎一, 郭新澳, 魏龙, 林光辉. 无瓣海桑和秋茄林植物器官及沉积物的生态化学计量特征. 科技导报, 2025 , 43 (24) : 101 -110 . DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2024.12.01784
Jianxiang FENG, Qi SHI, Chenxi YU, Lieyi CHEN, Xinao GUO, Long WEI, Guanghui LIN. Ecological stoichiometry characteristics of plant organs and sediments of Sonneratia apetala and Kandelia obovata forests[J]. Science & Technology Review, 2025 , 43 (24) : 101 -110 . DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2024.12.01784
生态化学计量学(ecological stoichiometry)是将生物学、化学和物理学的基本原理相结合,从生态过程中化学元素(主要是C、N、P)的比例关系出发,研究C、N、P等元素在生态过程中耦合关系的一种方法[12],对于揭示土壤中化学元素的可获得性、循环机制和植物生长的养分限制性等具有重要意义。例如植物叶片、枝条或根系不同C∶N、C∶P表征了植物吸收和同化碳的能力,一定程度上反映出植物对N、P等养分的利用效率[3],N∶P可以反映植物生长主要限制元素,同时还可以判断不同器官的养分需求[3]。沉积物C∶N比值是反映有机质来源和矿化速率的关键参数,较低的C∶N比值往往指示较高的有机质矿化速率和外源输入[4]
红树植物是生长在热带、亚热带潮间带的木本植物,由红树植物为主体组成的木本植物群落称为红树林[5]。红树林湿地具有很多生态服务价值,包括缓冲风暴破坏和侵蚀海岸线,吸收CO2调节气候变化,为鸟类、蟹类等多种生物提供栖息地等。由于受人为活动如鱼塘养殖、围垦等影响,1950—2000年中国红树林面积大幅下降。近年来,中国在对红树林湿地设立自然保护区的同时大规模种植人工林,有效增加了红树林面积[6]。目前,学者对红树林的生态化学计量已开展了一些研究。例如Reef等[7]选取白骨壤(Avicennia marina)和澳洲角果木(Ceriops australis)作为研究对象发现生长速率较快的树木叶片C∶N和C∶P较低;樊月等[8]对漳江口4种红树植物根、茎、叶的C、N、P生态化学计量特征进行分析,发现红树植物叶C∶N∶P质量比显著小于根和茎。可见,红树林生长过程中C、N、P含量及其生态计量比会发生变化,且不同植物器官间营养元素的分配不同,开展红树植物与沉积物的生态化学计量研究有助于揭示红树林生态系统化学元素平衡和养分循环的调节机制[9]
无瓣海桑(Sonneratia apetala)作为一种速生红树植物,由于其具有耐浸淹、抗寒性强等特点,在造林护岸方面表现良好,1985年自孟加拉国引入中国后被大量种植[10]。然而人工林生态系统结构和功能与天然成熟林有所差异,Yu等[11]在广东省淇澳岛研究发现15年生的无瓣海桑植物生物量已经赶上了成熟的秋茄(Kandelia obovata)生物量,但其沉积物有机碳储量却远低于秋茄林。研究表明,外来种无瓣海桑倾向于采取“进取型”生长策略,通过大量投资于富含氮的生长组织以实现快速扩张;而乡土种秋茄则更偏向于“保守型”策略,通过提高氮利用效率(Nitrogen use efficiency, NUE)来应对养分限制,确保长期生存[9]。尽管已有研究揭示了不同红树植物的生长策略差异,但目前仍缺乏对不同林龄的外来种人工林与乡土种天然林在植物−沉积物系统C∶N∶P化学计量特征及其驱动机制的系统性比较。特别是,主导植物器官生态化学计量变化的关键沉积物因子尚不明确。因此,本研究以广东省淇澳岛为研究区域,选取不同林龄的无瓣海桑人工林与秋茄天然林为研究对象,采集其叶片、枝条、根系及沉积物样品,旨在回答以下科学问题:第一,不同林龄和树种的红树林在植物−沉积物化学计量特征上存在何种差异?这些差异如何反映其生长与养分限制策略的演变?第二,植物器官的生态化学计量特征受哪些关键沉积物因子调控?本研究旨在为科学评估外来红树植物的生态效应、优化红树林生态恢复实践提供理论依据。
本研究选取中国广东省珠海市淇澳岛淇澳–担杆自然保护区内红树林为研究区域。淇澳岛位于珠江入海口西侧,地理坐标为22°23′40″—22°27′38″ N, 113°36′40″—113°39′15″ E。该地区地处亚热带,年平均气温22.4℃;气温最低月份为1月,最高月份为7月;年均降雨量为1964.4 mm[11]。当地潮汐类型为不规则半日潮,平均高潮位为0.17 m,平均低潮位为−0.14 m,年均海水盐度为18.2‰,土壤类型为滨海盐渍草甸沼泽土[1112]
研究区域之前分布有多种乡土红树植物,由于鱼塘养殖、互花米草入侵等原因红树林遭严重破坏[13],包括秋茄( K. obovata)、白骨壤(A. marina)和桐花树(Aegiceras corniculatum)等。1999年起,珠海市开展了红树林湿地恢复工程,主要种植树种为无瓣海桑。截至2019年,淇澳岛现有红树林中无瓣海桑约占82.0%,成为绝对优势树种,其林缘也混生有卤蕨(Acrostichum aureum)和老鼠簕(Acanthus ilicifolius)等乡土红树植物[14]
2020年11月,在广东省珠海市淇澳岛淇澳−担杆自然保护区内选取了2002年种植的18年生无瓣海桑人工林(SA18)、2008年种植的12年生无瓣海桑人工林(SA12)以及秋茄天然林(natural Kandelia obovata,NKO)作为研究样地。同时,选取未种植任何植被的光滩(mudflat,MF)作为对照(图1)。每个样地随机设置3个10 m×10 m的样方。
1) 植物器官采集和分析。
在每个样方内3棵树上分别采集无瓣海桑或秋茄的无病害叶片和枝条样品,并等量混匀后选择适量样品。同时采集0~60 cm层沉积物的植物根系样品,采集到的植物样品立即装入密封袋内,再放入装有冰袋的保温箱储存,直到带回实验室进行预处理和测试。
将植物样品用蒸馏水冲洗后,放入烘箱60℃烘干至恒重。取出剪成小粒后,放入粉碎机(上海净信JXFSTPRP−32,中国)粉碎,过100目筛。采用Vario MACRO Cube元素分析仪(Elementar,德国)测定总碳和总氮含量。植物总磷用钼锑抗分光光度法(GB7887—87,分光光度计,上海仪电L6S)测定。
2) 沉积物采样和分析。
在每个样方内随机选取选择3个采样点进行沉积物样品采集。用土壤采样器(Eijkelkamp C040903,荷兰)采集0~1 m沉积物层样品,按照0~20、20~40、40~60、60~80和80~100 cm分为5层。每个样方3个采样点相同沉积物层样品装入一个密封袋内混匀,带回实验室称重后放入冰箱低温保存。将沉积物样品放入冷冻干燥机(北京博医康实验仪器有限公司FD−1A−50,中国),在−40℃下冷冻干燥72 h以上至恒重,挑去沉积物中石块、掉落物等,测定沉积物容重和含水量。超纯水提取后,利用多参数水质分析仪(Thermo Orion Star A329,美国)测定沉积物的pH(水土比为2.5∶1)和盐度(水土比为5∶1)。样品磨碎过100目筛后,采用上述元素分析仪测定全氮(total Nitrogen,TN)含量,用碱熔–钼锑抗分光光度法(HJ 632−2011)测定全磷(TP)含量。沉积物样品用1 mol·L−1 HCl酸化后,采用上述元素分析仪测定有机碳(SOC)含量。
植物器官和沉积物的C、N、P含量及其化学计量比采用Excel 2019进行原始数据整理,计算所有指标的平均值和方差,用SPSS Statistics25软件进行ANOVA单因素方差分析,数据统计分析p<0.05表示具有显著差异。植物器官的C、N、P含量及其化学计量比和沉积物理化性质的相关性关系用R软件vegan包进行冗余分析(RDA)。图表中数据为平均值±标准差。
不同红树林植物器官的碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)含量如图2(a)~(c)所示。无瓣海桑植物器官的C含量为374.37~431.38 g·kg−1,其中枝条的C含量显著高于叶片和根系的C含量,18年生无瓣海桑的叶片C含量显著高于根系。秋茄植物器官的C含量表现为:叶片>枝条>根系。总体上看,不同红树同一植物器官的C含量差异不大。无瓣海桑叶片的C含量显著低于秋茄,18年生无瓣海桑枝条中C含量显著高于秋茄。无瓣海桑植物器官N含量为8.39~16.15 g·kg−1,其中叶片的N含量显著高于根系,根系N含量显著高于枝条。外来种无瓣海桑和乡土种秋茄各植物器官的N含量均无显著性差异。无瓣海桑植物器官P含量为0.8~1.76 g·kg−1,枝条和根系的P含量显著高于叶片。对比不同红树群落相同植物器官发现,12年生无瓣海桑叶片的P含量为1.31±0.02 g·kg−1,显著高于18年生无瓣海桑叶片P含量(0.8±0.04 g·kg−1),同时外来种无瓣海桑叶片和枝条中P含量均显著低于乡土种秋茄。
不同红树林植物器官的C、N、P化学计量比如图2(d)~(f)所示。无瓣海桑各植物器官C∶N为24.69~51.42,其中枝条的C∶N显著高于叶片和根系,18年生无瓣海桑根系的C∶N显著高于叶片。对比不同红树林相同植物器官发现,无瓣海桑叶片的C∶N显著低于秋茄,无瓣海桑根系的C∶N显著高于秋茄,不同林龄的无瓣海桑C∶N无显著差异。无瓣海桑各植物器官C∶P为219.25~501.60,18年生无瓣海桑的叶片C∶P显著高于枝条和根系。对比不同红树群落同一植物器官发现,18年生无瓣海桑叶片C∶P显著高于12年生无瓣海桑。18年生无瓣海桑叶片和枝条C∶P显著高于秋茄天然林,12年生无瓣海桑枝条C∶P显著高于秋茄天然林。无瓣海桑各植物器官的N∶P为5.21~20.33,叶片的N∶P显著高于枝条和根系。对比不同红树群落同一植物器官发现,18年生无瓣海桑叶片的N∶P显著高于12年生无瓣海桑,18年生无瓣海桑叶片和枝条N∶P显著高于秋茄天然林,12年生无瓣海桑枝条N∶P显著高于秋茄天然林。
沉积物的理化性质如表1所示。MF、SA12、SA18和NKO沉积物的pH均值分别为7.67、7.10、6.68和7.17,光滩pH值显著高于红树林。对比沉积物盐度可以发现,无瓣海桑人工林沉积物显著高于秋茄天然林。秋茄天然林沉积物含水量显著高于无瓣海桑人工林。SA18沉积物的容重显著高于SA12,NKO沉积物容重最小,说明NKO区沉积物的孔隙度大,持水能力强。
不同红树林不同深度沉积物SOC含量如表2所示。无瓣海桑人工林沉积物SOC含量在12.90~24.20 g·kg−1。秋茄天然林0~60 cm深度沉积物SOC含量显著高于无瓣海桑人工林,其中秋茄天然林0~20 cm沉积物层拥有最高SOC含量,为42.22±1.78 g·kg−1,与18年生和12年生的无瓣海桑人工林相比,秋茄SOC含量分别高出约75%和126%,与光滩相比则高出近2倍(195%)。SA18的0~20 cm沉积物层SOC含量显著高于SA12,SA12的0~20 cm沉积物层SOC含量显著高于MF,SA18的0~20 cm及80~100 cm沉积物层SOC含量显著高于MF。秋茄天然林0~60 cm沉积物层SOC含量显著高于60~100 cm沉积物层。无瓣海桑人工林沉积物不同深度之间SOC含量无显著差异。
不同红树林不同深度沉积物总N含量如表2所示。无瓣海桑沉积物的总N含量在1.90~2.35 g·kg−1波动。在0~40 cm沉积物层,无瓣海桑群落沉积物的总N含量显著低于秋茄自然林。其中,NKO沉积物0~20 cm层总N含量最高,为3.07±0.45 g·kg−1,与18年生和12年生的无瓣海桑人工林相比,其TN含量分别高出约31%和50%,与光滩相比则高出约71%。60~100 cm沉积物总N含量无瓣海桑群落则高于秋茄自然林。SA18和NKO的总N含量均随沉积物深度的增加而减小,SA12沉积物总N含量不随深度发生变化。SA18沉积物0~40 cm层和80~100 cm层的总N含量显著高于MF,SA12的80~100 cm沉积物层总N含量显著高于MF。不同红树林不同深度沉积物总P含量如表2所示。
无瓣海桑沉积物层总P含量为0.74~0.95 g·kg−1。不同沉积物层总P含量变化规律不明显。SA12和NKO的0~20 cm沉积物层总P含量均显著高于其他深度,分别为0.93±0.02 g·kg−1和0.87±0.06 g·kg−1。MF的20~40 cm沉积物层总P含量最高,为0.93±0.05 g·kg−1。除0~20 cm沉积物层外,无瓣海桑人工林沉积物总P含量显著高于秋茄天然林。
不同红树林不同深度沉积物C∶N、C∶P、N∶P如表2所示。无瓣海桑人工林沉积物C∶N、C∶P、N∶P分别在8.83~10.79、20.06~25.27、2.12~2.75。秋茄天然林沉积物C∶N、C∶P、N∶P分别在8.88~16.22、17.83~57.69、2.00~4.11。不同林龄无瓣海桑人工林同一深度沉积物C∶N无显著性差异。SA18的0~20 cm和40~60 cm沉积物层C∶N显著低于NKO,SA12的0~80 cm沉积物层C∶N显著低于NKO。红树林表层沉积物(0~20 cm)C∶P差异显著,为NKO>SA18>SA12。无瓣海桑人工林20~60 cm沉积物层C∶P显著低于秋茄天然林。无瓣海桑人工林0~40 cm沉积物层N∶P显著低于秋茄天然林。秋茄天然林沉积物随深度下降N∶P降低,20~40 cm沉积物层N∶P最高,为4.11±0.69;80~100 cm沉积物层N∶P最低,为2.00±0.11。
选取沉积物SOC、N和P含量以及含水量、容重、pH及盐度因子和植物器官C、N、P含量及其化学计量比进行RDA分析,结果如图3所示。植物器官生态化学计量和沉积物理化因子关系显著。在叶片C、N、P含量及其化学计量比和沉积物理化因子排序图中(图3(a)),第1轴解释了94.2%的变异,第2轴解释了0.7%的变异,说明沉积物理化性质对于叶片C、N、P含量及其化学计量比解释度较高。叶片C∶N和沉积物的SOC含量、N含量以及含水量和pH呈正相关关系,和沉积物P含量、容重和盐度呈负相关关系。叶片C∶P和C∶N表现出相反的情况,其与沉积物容重、盐度和沉积物P含量呈正相关关系,与其他沉积物因子呈负相关关系。叶片N∶P和沉积物容重、盐度夹角都较小,表明N∶P和二者具有显著正相关关系,和沉积物P含量也具有正相关关系。RDA1轴解释了枝条87.9%的变异,RDA2轴解释了枝条3.9%的变异(图3(b)),沉积物P含量是影响枝条化学计量的主要因子。枝条C∶N与沉积物的SOC含量、N含量及含水量和pH具有正相关关系,C∶P和沉积物P含量、盐度、容重夹角较小,表明这三者对于枝条C∶P影响最大。枝条的N∶P和C∶P相似,也和沉积物P含量、盐度、容重具有正相关关系,其中和沉积物容重的正相关关系较强。根系C、N、P含量及其化学计量比与沉积物理化性质的RDA分析如图3(c)所示。RDA1轴解释了82.4%变异,RDA2轴解释了12.2%变异。沉积物SOC含量和盐度是影响根系化学计量的主要因子。根系的C∶N和沉积物P含量、容重及盐度的夹角较小,表明根系C∶N和这三者的相关性较强。根系的C∶P和沉积物P含量的夹角较小,表明沉积物P含量对于根系C∶P的影响较大,和沉积物盐度、容重和pH也有正相关关系,根系N∶P和沉积物SOC含量、N含量及含水量具有正相关关系。
不同植物器官中C、N、P含量及其化学计量比可以反映植物的养分利用效率和生长速率[15]。本研究测得无瓣海桑和秋茄植物器官C含量与广东湛江的无瓣海桑和福建九龙江口所测秋茄植物器官的C含量相近[1617]。红树植物各器官中,叶片N含量最多。相较于秋茄天然林,无瓣海桑人工林叶片C含量较低,枝条C含量较高,说明C含量在秋茄和无瓣海桑植物体内的分配可能存在差异。植物生长速率假说认为,P含量和高生长速率有关,即P含量较高表示植物生长速率较快[1819]。在本研究中,发现12年生无瓣海桑叶片P含量显著高于18年生无瓣海桑,说明12年生的无瓣海桑的生长速率高于18年生的无瓣海桑。同时,也发现秋茄的叶片和枝茎P含量显著高于无瓣海桑,这一方面可能是由于树种差异使沉积物供应养分的能力不同[20],还有一个原因可能是植物不同器官的营养元素含量会受到植物生长史和生理特性的影响[21],在开展红树林保护工作之前,秋茄自然林旁边有鱼塘和虾塘的存在,积累了较多的P,并且由于秋茄自然林已经成熟,生长速率缓慢,P代谢变慢,使其叶片和枝条P含量较高。
植物器官C∶N、C∶P体现了植物生物量和营养元素的比值,反映了植物生长速度,即叶片C∶N、C∶P越低,说明生长速率越高,同化的C量越多[22]。本研究中,不同林龄无瓣海桑叶片的C∶N无显著性差异,但12年生无瓣海桑C∶P低于18年生无瓣海桑,说明其具有较高的生长速率。植物器官中N∶P是指示群落结构和功能的指标,也是判断生态系统中营养元素限制的指标[23]。N∶P阈值假说指出当植物叶片N∶P>16时,限制植物生长的主要营养元素为P;当N∶P<14时,限制植物生长的主要元素则变成了N;当14<N∶P<16时,N和P元素同时限制植物生长[24]。研究结果表明,12年生无瓣海桑叶片N∶P(11.55)低于14,生长限制营养元素是N,而18年生无瓣海桑叶片N∶P(20.33)高于16,生长限制的营养元素是P,说明处于生长不同阶段的无瓣海桑林对养分的需求不同。秋茄叶片的N∶P(8.68)低于14,表现出明显N限制。
研究发现,12年生外来种红树植物无瓣海桑的沉积物中有机碳含量很接近中国森林生态系统的0~60 cm土壤层有机碳含量(平均值为17.8 g·kg−1[25],但显著低于秋茄天然林。沉积物中有机碳的来源主要有归还的凋落物、分解的植物残体、根系分泌物,以及红树林截留的外源溶解有机碳等[2627]。淇澳岛秋茄天然林林龄远大于无瓣海桑人工林,其凋落物积累多,同时秋茄天然林潮位比无瓣海桑人工林高,受潮汐冲击的影响小。此外,有研究提到树林的植物残体和根系分泌物大部分在0~60 cm沉积物层中进行转运和存储[28],所以秋茄天然林在0~60 cm沉积物层有机碳含量显著高于无瓣海桑人工林。不同林龄无瓣海桑只有表层沉积物的有机碳含量有显著差异,主要原因可能是凋落物归还程度的不同。高天伦等发现5年生无瓣海桑的沉积物碳储量显著低于13年生和20年生无瓣海桑碳储量,并且70年生秋茄林下沉积物碳储量明显高于40年生[29],说明红树林林龄和沉积物碳含量呈正相关关系[11, 30]。随着林龄增加,沉积物碳含量增长变缓,这和本研究观察的现象相同。沉积物中N和SOC相关性很强,变化趋势相同。P含量和沉积物深度以及群落相关性不明显。与广东湛江湾红树林[31]和福建九龙江口红树林[32]相比,本研究区中红树林0~60 cm沉积物的TN和TP均明显偏高,这可能与珠江口水域富营养化有关。2018年中国海洋生态环境状况公报显示:珠江口海域海水重度富营养化,无机氮和活性磷含量严重超标,而红树林会截留外源物质,使得沉积物得TN和TP含量偏高。
此外,本研究中无瓣海桑的沉积物C∶N变化范围为8.99~12.61,低于湛江湾红树林沉积物(24.82)和九龙江口红树林沉积物(26.56)[3132]。陆地森林生态系统的研究结果表明,低C∶N表征了高速率的有机质矿化[33]。本研究中,无瓣海桑沉积物0~60 cm沉积物层的C∶N变化范围在8.83~10.79,而秋茄0~60 cm沉积物层的C∶N的变化范围在13.86~16.22,说明相较于秋茄自然林,无瓣海桑沉积物有机质矿化速率相对较高,不利于沉积物中有机质的累积。无瓣海桑沉积物的N∶P变化范围在2.30~3.03,在湛江湾(4.81)和九龙江口红树林沉积物(2.18)之间[3132],这可能珠江口海域富营养化导致沉积物TN和TP含量偏高有关。诸多研究已显示,沉积物C∶N和C∶P增加,碳储量随之增加[3435],这和本研究相关性分析得到的结果一致。
由RDA分析可知,该区域红树植物器官的C、N、P化学计量和沉积物理化因子存在显著相关关系。各植物器官C含量与沉积物SOC含量存在正相关关系,植物器官C∶P及N∶P和沉积物的P含量存在相关关系,表明植物器官中C、N、P含量和沉积物理化性质密切相关。这是因为红树植物通过光合作用固定有机质,以凋落物和根系分解等方式进入沉积物[20, 36],一部分有机质通过矿化等方式转化成无机物,N、P等元素作为营养元素被根系吸收重新进入植物体内,物质在植物和沉积物中进行循环[20]
沉积物容重是植物器官生态化学计量变化的主导因子。容重大说明沉积物孔隙度小,保水保肥能力差,影响植物生长发育[37]。本研究中沉积物容重和叶片的C∶P具有正相关关系,12年生无瓣海桑人工林沉积物容重显著低于18年生无瓣海桑人工林,这可能是12年生无瓣海桑生长速度较快的原因之一。此外,本研究中,无瓣海桑人工林(中低滩)与秋茄天然林(高滩)的化学计量差异,除树种和林龄外,也受水文和空间位置影响。高滩秋茄林受潮汐干扰小,利于有机质积累;而中低滩无瓣海桑林受频繁冲刷,可能导致有机质流失。因此,沉积物生源要素含量差异可能是树种、林龄与水文−地貌共同作用的结果,未来研究可精细量化淹水时长、频率等水文参数,并结合稳定同位素示踪,深入解析水文过程对红树林物质循环的作用机制。
本研究结果对红树林生态恢复工程的树种选择、后期管护和长期目标设定具有重要的指导意义。
1) 树种选择应兼顾短期效益与长期生态功能。
无瓣海桑作为速生树种,在生态恢复的初期阶段(10~15 a)表现出快速成林、快速固土的优势,可有效实现“造林护岸”的短期目标。然而,本研究发现其林分的沉积物有机碳(SOC)积累效率显著低于成熟的秋茄天然林,且有机质矿化速率更高,不利于长期碳汇功能的形成。因此,在追求长期生态效益(尤其是碳汇)的恢复项目中,应优先考虑乡土种秋茄等能形成稳定碳库的树种。
2) 针对不同林龄的人工林应采取差异化的管理措施。
对于处于快速生长期的幼龄无瓣海桑林(如12年生),其N∶P显示为氮限制,表明补充氮素可能有助于维持其快速生长。而对于林龄较长(如18年生以上)的无瓣海桑林,其养分限制已由氮转为磷,管理重点应转向关注磷素的可利用性。此外,改善土壤物理环境是提升恢复林质量的关键。本研究发现沉积物容重是影响植物养分状况的主导因子。在恢复实践中,可通过引入乡土种、促进生物扰动(如招潮蟹活动)或进行适度的物理干预来降低沉积物容重,改善土壤通气性和孔隙度,从而为植物根系生长和养分吸收创造更有利的环境,最终提升整个生态系统的健康和稳定性。
本研究通过分析不同林龄的无瓣海桑人工林与秋茄天然林的植物器官及沉积物C、N、P化学计量特征,发现12年生无瓣海桑叶片的磷含量显著高于18年生个体,且其碳磷比值更低;在沉积物方面,12年生无瓣海桑人工林0~20 cm表层的有机碳和氮含量均显著低于18年生人工林,而无瓣海桑人工林在0~60 cm深度的有机碳含量显著低于秋茄天然林,同时其沉积物的碳氮比值也显著低于秋茄林;此外,分析表明沉积物容重与红树植物各器官的生态化学计量特征存在显著关联,是影响其变化的主导物理因子。因此,不同林龄和树种的红树林在养分利用策略和沉积物碳积累能力上存在显著差异,为红树林生态恢复中树种的科学选择、基于林龄的差异化养分管理以及通过改善土壤物理结构来提升生态系统功能提供了依据。
  • 深圳市科创委高校稳定支持项目(WDZC20200819173345002)
  • 南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(珠海)项目(SML2024SP024)
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(41976160)
  • 省级温室气体清单编制项目(STQH−2021−050)
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2025年第43卷第24期
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doi: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2024.12.01784
  • 接收时间:2024-12-25
  • 首发时间:2026-01-14
  • 出版时间:2025-12-28
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  • 收稿日期:2024-12-25
  • 修回日期:2025-10-07
基金
深圳市科创委高校稳定支持项目(WDZC20200819173345002)
南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(珠海)项目(SML2024SP024)
国家自然科学基金项目(41976160)
省级温室气体清单编制项目(STQH−2021−050)
作者信息
    1中山大学海洋科学学院/南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(珠海),珠海 519000
    2清华大学深圳国际研究生院海洋工程研究院,深圳 518055
    3中国科学院南海海洋研究所,热带海洋生物资源与生态重点实验室/广东省应用海洋生物学重点实验室,广州 510301
    4广东省林业科学研究院/广东省森林培育与保护利用重点实验室/广东沿海防护林生态系统国家定位观测研究站,广州 510520
    5清华大学地球系统科学系,地球系统科学模拟教育部重点实验室,北京 100084

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林光辉(通信作者),教授,研究方向为滨海湿地生态学、全球变化生态学和稳定同位素生态学,电子信箱:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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