Article(id=1218130663287472909, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, issueId=1218130661861409543, articleNumber=null, orderNo=17, doi=10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2025.09.00122, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1759075200000, receivedDateStr=2025-09-29, revisedDate=1762704000000, revisedDateStr=2025-11-10, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1768354581900, onlineDateStr=2026-01-14, pubDate=1766851200000, pubDateStr=2025-12-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1768147200000, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-01-12, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1768354581900, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774080451520, updator=sys-migrate, issue=Issue{id=1218130661861409543, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, year='2025', volume='43', issue='24', pageStart='1', pageEnd='119', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1766851200000', pubDateStr='2025-12-28', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1768354581561, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1774330540257, updator='13041195026', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1243195649395634850, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, issueId=1218130661861409543, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1243195649399829155, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, issueId=1218130661861409543, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=44, endPage=60, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1218130664059224860, articleId=1218130663287472909, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, language=EN, title=Application of artificial intelligence in microstructure image recognition and quantification of metallic materials, columnId=1150494642224591153, journalTitle=Science & Technology Review, columnName=Exclusive, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Artificial intelligence (AI) technology is profoundly transforming the research paradigms in the field of materials science, driving the analysis methods for material microstructures to shift from traditional human−experience−dominated approaches to data−driven intelligent recognition. AI−based microstructure recognition and quantification, characterized by high accuracy and efficiency, have significantly advanced the development of high−throughput microstructure analysis techniques. This review focuses on the emerging field of AI−assisted microstructure analysis of metallic materials. Following the development from qualitative analysis toward refined quantitative analysis of microstructures, it systematically summarizes the research progress in traditional machine learning algorithms, deep learning−based classification, object detection, and semantic segmentation algorithms for the classification, recognition, and quantification of metallic material microstructures. Particular emphasis is placed on the current state of widely adopted semantic segmentation algorithms. Meanwhile, addressing the challenges faced by semantic segmentation in this domain, such as high microstructural complexity and limited annotated samples, the innovative strategies proposed by researchers in data augmentation and model architecture improvements, along with their enhanced performance, are discussed. Finally, the existing limitations and future directions of AI−based microstructure analysis methods are summarized and outlooked.
, authors=null, authorsList=Chunguang SHEN, Shuo SUN, Wei XU, Shijian ZHENG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Wei XU, Shijian ZHENG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=
All rights reserved. Unauthorized reproduction is prohibited., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1218130666751968121, articleId=1218130663287472909, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, language=CN, title=人工智能在金属材料组织图像识别与定量分析中的应用, columnId=1150494642375586098, journalTitle=科技导报, columnName=特色专题, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
基于人工智能(artificial intelligence,AI)技术的微观组织识别及定量化兼具高精度和高效率的优势,有力推动了高通量组织分析技术的发展。聚焦AI辅助金属材料组织图像分析这一新兴领域,以微观组织由定性分析逐步向精细定量分析的发展为脉络,系统综述了传统机器学习分类算法、深度学习分类算法、目标检测算法、语义分割算法在金属材料微观组织分类、识别以及定量化方面的研究进展,尤其重点论述了广泛采用的语义分割算法的研究现状;同时,针对AI算法在材料微观组织图像分析领域面临的组织复杂度高、标注样本匮乏等瓶颈问题,介绍了数据增强、模型架构改进等方面的创新策略及其应用效果。最后,总结和展望了基于AI的微观组织图像分析方法目前存在的不足以及未来的发展方向。
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, authorsList=沈春光, 孙硕, 徐伟, 郑士建, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=徐伟, 郑士建, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
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版权所有,未经授权,不得转载。, copyrightOwner=《科技导报》编辑部, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=RDwDqtxt1YYO0x0YetaYQQ==, magXml=RDwDqtxt1YYO0x0YetaYQQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=KnmELf/Jja/fOcq0K6/AOw==, pdfFileSize=4717957, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=ewm5soeXPZ6tmpVUPYrHjw==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=JtvSAvXSANMIDkcNJtZyBQ==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1242146772911464544, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1218130663287472909, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=cgshen@hebut.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1242146772995350627, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1218130663287472909, authorId=1242146772911464544, language=EN, stringName=Chunguang SHEN, firstName=Chunguang, middleName=null, lastName=SHEN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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DL组织图像分类模型的主要建模策略, figureFileSmall=7T/aOkoztRWqqArOvOhIHw==, figureFileBig=a48uagJUv4B8/8PCq8oKbw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242146776669560975, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1218130663287472909, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=BdyYSa9+zDG8y3vbr10OPw==, figureFileBig=2KZAupsOC/OMNE9cR6WOeA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242146776732475536, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1218130663287472909, language=CN, label=图4, caption=
基于目标检测算法的微观组织分析与定量化, figureFileSmall=BdyYSa9+zDG8y3vbr10OPw==, figureFileBig=2KZAupsOC/OMNE9cR6WOeA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242146776812167313, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1218130663287472909, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=CB/copFA+BCKu572SiibLQ==, figureFileBig=ZWf3dWUtkW1basiKYRUPdA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242146776904442002, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1218130663287472909, language=CN, label=图5, caption=
基于语义分割算法的显微组织识别与定量化流程, figureFileSmall=CB/copFA+BCKu572SiibLQ==, figureFileBig=ZWf3dWUtkW1basiKYRUPdA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242146776984133779, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1218130663287472909, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=z5b2WJ4coYRwF2hJuvge2g==, figureFileBig=TV1tdNmdyczphhfnQMckBw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242146777042854036, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1218130663287472909, language=CN, label=图6, caption=
提升复杂显微组织识别能力的常用策略, figureFileSmall=z5b2WJ4coYRwF2hJuvge2g==, figureFileBig=TV1tdNmdyczphhfnQMckBw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242146777109962901, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1218130663287472909, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=p1OYKZ2tdHZu8+mon8A9NQ==, figureFileBig=I9Hq1CNmKui3ZyecnnS4nQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242146777164488854, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1218130663287472909, language=CN, label=图7, caption=
提升小样本数据下模型微观组织识别能力的常用策略, figureFileSmall=p1OYKZ2tdHZu8+mon8A9NQ==, figureFileBig=I9Hq1CNmKui3ZyecnnS4nQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242146777227403415, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1218130663287472909, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 算法 | 核心思想 | 优点 | 缺点 |
|---|
| SVM | 寻找最大间隔超平面,核技巧处理非线性问题 | 善于处理高维、非线性数据 | 可解释性差,对缺失数据较为敏感 |
| ANN | 模拟神经元网络,通过多层连接学习复杂的非线性映射 | 能拟合极其复杂的非线性关系 | 可解释性差,小样本数据下易于过拟合 |
| RF | Bagging集成,构建多棵决策树,通过投票得出结果 | 可处理高维特征,具有一定可解释性 | 在噪声较大的数据上易于过拟合 |
), ArticleFig(id=1242146777294512280, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1218130663287472909, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
常用ML算法简介
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 算法 | 核心思想 | 优点 | 缺点 |
|---|
| SVM | 寻找最大间隔超平面,核技巧处理非线性问题 | 善于处理高维、非线性数据 | 可解释性差,对缺失数据较为敏感 |
| ANN | 模拟神经元网络,通过多层连接学习复杂的非线性映射 | 能拟合极其复杂的非线性关系 | 可解释性差,小样本数据下易于过拟合 |
| RF | Bagging集成,构建多棵决策树,通过投票得出结果 | 可处理高维特征,具有一定可解释性 | 在噪声较大的数据上易于过拟合 |
), ArticleFig(id=1242146777353232537, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1218130663287472909, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 版本 | 核心特征 | | 优势 | | 局限 |
| YOLOv1 | 开创性地将目标检测重构为单阶段回归问题,实现端到端优化 | | 全局上下文推理有效降低背景误检率 | | 空间定位精度粗糙,密集物体检测效果差 |
| YOLOv3 | 采用三尺度特征金字塔结构,实现更有效的多尺度目标检测 | | 多尺度检测能力强,兼具优异的速度和精度 | | 锚框依赖性强,特征融合能力有限 |
| YOLOv4 | 系统整合BoF和BoS优化技巧,构建高性能训练框架 | | 推理零成本提升精度,模型应用广 | | 超参数相互作用,训练过程较复杂 |
| YOLOv7 | 提出可训练BoF概念 | | 兼具优异的模型计算速度和精度,参数利用率高 | | 模型结构复杂性高 |
), ArticleFig(id=1242146777437118618, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1218130663287472909, language=CN, label=表2, caption=
不同版本YOLO算法的简介
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 版本 | 核心特征 | | 优势 | | 局限 |
| YOLOv1 | 开创性地将目标检测重构为单阶段回归问题,实现端到端优化 | | 全局上下文推理有效降低背景误检率 | | 空间定位精度粗糙,密集物体检测效果差 |
| YOLOv3 | 采用三尺度特征金字塔结构,实现更有效的多尺度目标检测 | | 多尺度检测能力强,兼具优异的速度和精度 | | 锚框依赖性强,特征融合能力有限 |
| YOLOv4 | 系统整合BoF和BoS优化技巧,构建高性能训练框架 | | 推理零成本提升精度,模型应用广 | | 超参数相互作用,训练过程较复杂 |
| YOLOv7 | 提出可训练BoF概念 | | 兼具优异的模型计算速度和精度,参数利用率高 | | 模型结构复杂性高 |
), ArticleFig(id=1242146777516810395, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1218130663287472909, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 算法 | 核心思想 | | 优势 | | 局限 |
| FCNN | 将CNN中的全连接层替换为卷积层 | | 实现端到端的语义分割,支持任意尺寸输入 | | 下采样过程中细节丢失严重,导致特征图分辨率低,边界模糊 |
| U−Net | 采用编码器−解码器结构和跳跃连接 | | 跳跃连接提升边界精细分割能力,小样本数据建模能力强 | | 跳跃连接增加内存消耗,对大型数据集的处理能力不佳 |
| SegNet | 解码器采用非线性上采样,保留更多边界信息 | | 目标边界识别能力强 | | 解码器部分相对简单,特征重建能力可能不足 |
| DeepLabv3+ | 通过强大的编码器−解码器结构融合多尺度上下文信息,并精准恢复物体边界 | | 多尺度处理能力强,边界分割精度高 | | 模型参数量大,计算复杂度相对较高,对硬件要求高 |
), ArticleFig(id=1242146777579724956, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1218130663287472909, language=CN, label=表3, caption=
常用语义分割算法的简介
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 算法 | 核心思想 | | 优势 | | 局限 |
| FCNN | 将CNN中的全连接层替换为卷积层 | | 实现端到端的语义分割,支持任意尺寸输入 | | 下采样过程中细节丢失严重,导致特征图分辨率低,边界模糊 |
| U−Net | 采用编码器−解码器结构和跳跃连接 | | 跳跃连接提升边界精细分割能力,小样本数据建模能力强 | | 跳跃连接增加内存消耗,对大型数据集的处理能力不佳 |
| SegNet | 解码器采用非线性上采样,保留更多边界信息 | | 目标边界识别能力强 | | 解码器部分相对简单,特征重建能力可能不足 |
| DeepLabv3+ | 通过强大的编码器−解码器结构融合多尺度上下文信息,并精准恢复物体边界 | | 多尺度处理能力强,边界分割精度高 | | 模型参数量大,计算复杂度相对较高,对硬件要求高 |
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