Article(id=1208362380392776682, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, issueId=1208362378329174732, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2025.07.00013, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1751385600000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-02, revisedDate=1759161600000, revisedDateStr=2025-09-30, acceptedDate=1760025600000, acceptedDateStr=2025-10-10, onlineDate=1766025641773, onlineDateStr=2025-12-18, pubDate=1760284800000, pubDateStr=2025-10-13, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1764000000000, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-25, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1766025641773, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774080107920, updator=sys-migrate, issue=Issue{id=1208362378329174732, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, year='2025', volume='43', issue='19', pageStart='1', pageEnd='136', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1760284800000', pubDateStr='2025-10-13', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1766025641281, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1778551765812, updator='13041195026', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1260900752743064342, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, issueId=1208362378329174732, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1260900752743064343, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, issueId=1208362378329174732, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=52, endPage=62, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1208362380736709617, articleId=1208362380392776682, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, language=EN, title=Metabolic regulation mechanisms of triticale under salt stress, columnId=1208362379369362126, journalTitle=Science & Technology Review, columnName=Exclusive: Crop Genetic Improvement for Tolerance to Saline-Alkali and Other Environmental Stresses, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Soil salinization severely restricts global agricultural production, and screening salt−tolerant crops is crucial for utilizing saline−alkali lands. This study employed salt−tolerant triticale cultivar Jinsicao 1 (JS−1) and conventional cultivar Jisi 3 (JS−3) as materials, simulating salt stress with 300 mmol/L NaCl solution. Through physiological, biochemical, and metabolomic analyses, we revealed the metabolic regulation mechanisms of triticale in adapting to salt stress. The results showed that salt stress significantly inhibited growth in both cultivars, but JS−1 maintained higher biomass, water content, stronger antioxidant capacity, and lower ion toxicity under stress. Metabolomic analysis identified numerous differential metabolites, with particular focus on metabolites specifically upregulated in JS−1 under salt stress. In leaves, these metabolites were primarily fatty acids, amino acids, and carbohydrates, while in roots they were mainly flavonoids, amino acids, and carbohydrates. Both roots and leaves of the salt−tolerant cultivar accumulated carbohydrates and amino acids for osmoregulation. However, JS−1 relied on the accumulation of unsaturated fatty acids for reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging in leaves, whereas flavonoids played this role in roots. These findings demonstrate that salt−tolerant triticale coordinates the accumulation of distinct metabolite types in roots and leaves to mitigate salt−induced damage.

, authors=null, authorsList=Jie JIANG, Tiantian ZHANG, Siyuan JIA, Siyuan YIN, Wenjuan JIA, Yue HU, Lu WANG, Lei HAN, Houxing YAN, Binbin XIAO, Fei LIN, Zhongyu DOU, Chunwu YANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Zhongyu DOU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=All rights reserved. Unauthorized reproduction is prohibited., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1208362383622389789, articleId=1208362380392776682, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, language=CN, title=盐胁迫下小黑麦代谢调节机制, columnId=1150494642375586098, journalTitle=科技导报, columnName=特色专题, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

土壤盐渍化严重制约全球农业生产,筛选耐盐作物对盐碱化土地利用至关重要。以耐盐型小黑麦晋饲草1号和普通型小黑麦冀饲3号为材料,用300 mmol/L NaCl溶液模拟盐胁迫,通过生理生化及代谢组分析揭示了小黑麦适应盐胁迫的代谢调节机制。结果表明,盐胁迫显著抑制2个品种生长,但晋饲草1号在盐胁迫下能够保持更高的生物量和水分含量、较强的抗氧化能力、较低的离子毒害。代谢组学分析发现大量差异代谢物,重点分析了耐盐品种晋饲草1号在盐胁迫下特异上调的代谢物。叶片中耐盐品种特异上调的代谢物主要是脂肪酸、氨基酸和糖类物质,根中特异上调的代谢物主要是类黄酮、氨基酸和糖类物质。耐盐品种根和叶均是通过积累糖类和氨基酸来进行渗透调节,但耐盐品种在叶片中依靠积累不饱和脂肪酸清除活性氧,而在根中依靠积累类黄酮来清除活性氧。结果表明,耐盐小黑麦品种根和叶通过协同积累不同类型的代谢物减轻盐胁迫造成伤害。

, authors=

姜杰,硕士研究生,研究方向为植物逆境生理,电子信箱:

, authorsList=姜杰, 张填天, 贾思源, 尹思媛, 贾文娟, 胡玥, 王璐, 韩蕾, 燕厚兴, 肖彬彬, 林菲, 窦忠玉, 杨春武, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=窦忠玉, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
窦忠玉(通信作者),副研究员,研究方向为作物栽培及育种,电子信箱:
, copyrightStatement=版权所有,未经授权,不得转载。, copyrightOwner=《科技导报》编辑部, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=KsegcMyr+sgPhGHqtLoB7Q==, magXml=KsegcMyr+sgPhGHqtLoB7Q==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=I87ey/VY3Tgg++m67xW9UA==, pdfFileSize=2117355, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=dvbDJMuNfoaYyzBPdtcszA==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=SNRlMxPZTiDk3VKMxza2Sg==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1242145314543579373, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208362380392776682, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=1923454519@qq.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1242145314627465456, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208362380392776682, authorId=1242145314543579373, language=EN, stringName=Jie JIANG, firstName=Jie, middleName=null, lastName=JIANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1. Institute of Crop Resources, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Northeast Innovation Center of Agricultural Science and Technology, CAAS), Gongzhuling 136100, China
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JS−1为耐盐小黑麦品种晋饲草1号;JS−3为对照小黑麦品种冀饲3号;RWC为相对含水量;DW为干重;FW为鲜重;Control为对照处理;Stress为盐胁迫处理。数据是3次重复的平均值(±SD),每个柱状图上方的任意2个字母不同表示2组数据之间有显著差异(LSD检验,P<0.05)

, figureFileSmall=I87ezgeUD6DEzYnla+l/PQ==, figureFileBig=8yDbiNfyyhLgDQVa4cNUmg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242145318247149886, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208362380392776682, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=b3iYhTVaB93Q/5rzs+Ff6w==, figureFileBig=eiFzOgaDNpohZbFD+ss3fg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242145318314258751, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208362380392776682, language=CN, label=图2, caption=盐胁迫下耐盐品种叶片中特异上调的脂肪酸类代谢物

18:3(9Z,11E,13E)−Me,9(Z),11(E),13(E)−Octadecatrienoic Acid methyl ester;18:4(6Z,8E,10E,12Z),6Z,8E,10E,12Z−Octadecatetraenoic acid;18:0(9,10,18−OH),9,10,18−Trihydroxyoctadecanoic acid;18:1(9Z)(5,8,11−OH),(Z)−5,8,11−trihydroxyoctadec−9−enoic acid

, figureFileSmall=b3iYhTVaB93Q/5rzs+Ff6w==, figureFileBig=eiFzOgaDNpohZbFD+ss3fg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242145318377173312, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208362380392776682, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=jfJujFSvqOoIx/d57I2q1Q==, figureFileBig=9QCqzMmemw/7x8eB81Aq7Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242145318435893569, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208362380392776682, language=CN, label=图3, caption=盐胁迫下耐盐品种根系中特异上调的脂肪酸类代谢物, figureFileSmall=jfJujFSvqOoIx/d57I2q1Q==, figureFileBig=9QCqzMmemw/7x8eB81Aq7Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242145318503002434, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208362380392776682, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=BMS7FKILSdCjdnYUhWNakw==, figureFileBig=Q4gil0eqSuhgncB3wyASiQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242145318561722691, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208362380392776682, language=CN, label=图4, caption=盐胁迫下耐盐品种叶片中特异上调的氨基酸、肽及其类似物, figureFileSmall=BMS7FKILSdCjdnYUhWNakw==, figureFileBig=Q4gil0eqSuhgncB3wyASiQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242145318620442948, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208362380392776682, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=UPPkmw7iPK8R8LT+e5DX6Q==, figureFileBig=YsTtuvsC40NUfFaMJbGDWg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242145318679163205, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208362380392776682, language=CN, label=图5, caption=盐胁迫下耐盐品种根系中特异上调的氨基酸、肽及其类似物, figureFileSmall=UPPkmw7iPK8R8LT+e5DX6Q==, figureFileBig=YsTtuvsC40NUfFaMJbGDWg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242145318733689158, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208362380392776682, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=iGehKjIEUeioXoopCwWkRg==, figureFileBig=+rvkGgW9jjAAA9Wf7fTByg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242145318796603719, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208362380392776682, language=CN, label=图6, caption=盐胁迫下耐盐品种叶片中特异上调的碳水化合物和碳水化合物结合物类代谢物

Cas-6-O-α-Glc,Casuarine 6-O-alpha-D-glucopyranoside;N-Me-Ant-β-Glc,N-methylanthraniloyl-beta-D-glucose

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Rob-Cat (2β7,4β8),Robinetinidol-(2beta->7,4beta->8)-catechin

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Dios-7-O-β-GlcA,DiosMetin 7-O-beta-D-Glucuronide;3-Me-Fla-8-COOH,3-Methylflavone-8-carboxylic acid

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分类名称 叶片 根部 叶片与根部共有
脂肪酸类 fatty acyls 44 11 3
氨基酸、肽和类似物类 amino acids, peptides, and analogues 26 12 3
碳水化合物和碳水化合物结合物 carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates 12 12 1
异戊烯醇脂 prenol lipids 27 17 4
黄酮类化合物 flavonoids 2 16 0
有机酸及其衍生物 organic acids and derivatives 8 6 2
苯类化合物 benzenoids 13 12 0
肉桂酸及其衍生物 cinnamic acids and derivatives 3 2 0
有机杂环化合物 organoheterocyclic compounds 10 21 0
木脂素、新木脂素及相关化合物 lignans, neolignans and related compounds 1 3 0
生物碱及其衍生物 alkaloids and derivatives 1 4 0
有机氮化合物 organic nitrogen compounds 2 2 2
醇和多元醇 alcohols and polyols 1 2 0
类固醇和类固醇衍生物 steroids and steroid derivatives 7 2 1
羰基化合物 carbonyl compounds 4 1 0
甘油脂 glycerolipids 2 2 0
甘油磷脂 glycerophospholipids 2 10 0
核苷、核苷酸和类似物 nucleosides, nucleotides, and analogues 4 0 0
其他 others 5 10 3
合计 174 145 19
), ArticleFig(id=1242145319522218319, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208362380392776682, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

耐盐品种特异诱导积累的代谢物(SIM)

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分类名称 叶片 根部 叶片与根部共有
脂肪酸类 fatty acyls 44 11 3
氨基酸、肽和类似物类 amino acids, peptides, and analogues 26 12 3
碳水化合物和碳水化合物结合物 carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates 12 12 1
异戊烯醇脂 prenol lipids 27 17 4
黄酮类化合物 flavonoids 2 16 0
有机酸及其衍生物 organic acids and derivatives 8 6 2
苯类化合物 benzenoids 13 12 0
肉桂酸及其衍生物 cinnamic acids and derivatives 3 2 0
有机杂环化合物 organoheterocyclic compounds 10 21 0
木脂素、新木脂素及相关化合物 lignans, neolignans and related compounds 1 3 0
生物碱及其衍生物 alkaloids and derivatives 1 4 0
有机氮化合物 organic nitrogen compounds 2 2 2
醇和多元醇 alcohols and polyols 1 2 0
类固醇和类固醇衍生物 steroids and steroid derivatives 7 2 1
羰基化合物 carbonyl compounds 4 1 0
甘油脂 glycerolipids 2 2 0
甘油磷脂 glycerophospholipids 2 10 0
核苷、核苷酸和类似物 nucleosides, nucleotides, and analogues 4 0 0
其他 others 5 10 3
合计 174 145 19
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盐胁迫下小黑麦代谢调节机制
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姜杰 1, 2 , 张填天 2 , 贾思源 2 , 尹思媛 2 , 贾文娟 3 , 胡玥 2 , 王璐 2 , 韩蕾 2 , 燕厚兴 2 , 肖彬彬 2 , 林菲 2 , 窦忠玉 1, * , 杨春武 2
科技导报 | 特色专题 2025,43(19): 52-62
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科技导报 |特色专题 2025 , 43 (19) : 52 -62
盐胁迫下小黑麦代谢调节机制
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姜杰,硕士研究生,研究方向为植物逆境生理,电子信箱:

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姜杰1, 2 , 张填天2, 贾思源2, 尹思媛2, 贾文娟3, 胡玥2, 王璐2, 韩蕾2, 燕厚兴2, 肖彬彬2, 林菲2, 窦忠玉1, * , 杨春武2
作者信息
  • 1. 吉林省农业科学院(中国农业科技东北创新中心)作物资源研究所,公主岭 136100
  • 2. 东北师范大学生命科学学院,长春 130024
  • 3. 宁夏西贝农林牧生态科技有限公司,银川 750001
通讯作者:
窦忠玉(通信作者),副研究员,研究方向为作物栽培及育种,电子信箱:
Metabolic regulation mechanisms of triticale under salt stress
Jie JIANG1, 2 , Tiantian ZHANG2, Siyuan JIA2, Siyuan YIN2, Wenjuan JIA3, Yue HU2, Lu WANG2, Lei HAN2, Houxing YAN2, Binbin XIAO2, Fei LIN2, Zhongyu DOU1, * , Chunwu YANG2
Affiliations
  • 1. Institute of Crop Resources, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Northeast Innovation Center of Agricultural Science and Technology, CAAS), Gongzhuling 136100, China
  • 2. School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
  • 3. Ningxia Xibei Agriculture, Forestry & Animal Husbandry Eco−Technology Co., Ltd., Yinchuan 750001, China
出版时间: 2025-10-13 doi: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2025.07.00013
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土壤盐渍化严重制约全球农业生产,筛选耐盐作物对盐碱化土地利用至关重要。以耐盐型小黑麦晋饲草1号和普通型小黑麦冀饲3号为材料,用300 mmol/L NaCl溶液模拟盐胁迫,通过生理生化及代谢组分析揭示了小黑麦适应盐胁迫的代谢调节机制。结果表明,盐胁迫显著抑制2个品种生长,但晋饲草1号在盐胁迫下能够保持更高的生物量和水分含量、较强的抗氧化能力、较低的离子毒害。代谢组学分析发现大量差异代谢物,重点分析了耐盐品种晋饲草1号在盐胁迫下特异上调的代谢物。叶片中耐盐品种特异上调的代谢物主要是脂肪酸、氨基酸和糖类物质,根中特异上调的代谢物主要是类黄酮、氨基酸和糖类物质。耐盐品种根和叶均是通过积累糖类和氨基酸来进行渗透调节,但耐盐品种在叶片中依靠积累不饱和脂肪酸清除活性氧,而在根中依靠积累类黄酮来清除活性氧。结果表明,耐盐小黑麦品种根和叶通过协同积累不同类型的代谢物减轻盐胁迫造成伤害。

小黑麦  /  盐胁迫  /  代谢调节  /  耐盐机制  /  代谢组学

Soil salinization severely restricts global agricultural production, and screening salt−tolerant crops is crucial for utilizing saline−alkali lands. This study employed salt−tolerant triticale cultivar Jinsicao 1 (JS−1) and conventional cultivar Jisi 3 (JS−3) as materials, simulating salt stress with 300 mmol/L NaCl solution. Through physiological, biochemical, and metabolomic analyses, we revealed the metabolic regulation mechanisms of triticale in adapting to salt stress. The results showed that salt stress significantly inhibited growth in both cultivars, but JS−1 maintained higher biomass, water content, stronger antioxidant capacity, and lower ion toxicity under stress. Metabolomic analysis identified numerous differential metabolites, with particular focus on metabolites specifically upregulated in JS−1 under salt stress. In leaves, these metabolites were primarily fatty acids, amino acids, and carbohydrates, while in roots they were mainly flavonoids, amino acids, and carbohydrates. Both roots and leaves of the salt−tolerant cultivar accumulated carbohydrates and amino acids for osmoregulation. However, JS−1 relied on the accumulation of unsaturated fatty acids for reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging in leaves, whereas flavonoids played this role in roots. These findings demonstrate that salt−tolerant triticale coordinates the accumulation of distinct metabolite types in roots and leaves to mitigate salt−induced damage.

triticale  /  salt stress  /  metabolic regulation  /  salt tolerance mechanism  /  metabolomics
姜杰, 张填天, 贾思源, 尹思媛, 贾文娟, 胡玥, 王璐, 韩蕾, 燕厚兴, 肖彬彬, 林菲, 窦忠玉, 杨春武. 盐胁迫下小黑麦代谢调节机制. 科技导报, 2025 , 43 (19) : 52 -62 . DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2025.07.00013
Jie JIANG, Tiantian ZHANG, Siyuan JIA, Siyuan YIN, Wenjuan JIA, Yue HU, Lu WANG, Lei HAN, Houxing YAN, Binbin XIAO, Fei LIN, Zhongyu DOU, Chunwu YANG. Metabolic regulation mechanisms of triticale under salt stress[J]. Science & Technology Review, 2025 , 43 (19) : 52 -62 . DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2025.07.00013
土壤盐渍化特别是耕地次生盐渍化是制约世界粮食生产的主要环境因素之一[1]。世界盐渍化土壤面积占陆地总面积的25%,广泛分布在100多个国家和地区[2]。据调查研究统计,中国有约1×108 hm2盐碱地,其中约3.33×107 hm2具有开发利用潜力[3],且中国盐碱耕地分布范围仍在逐步扩大。筛选和培育耐盐作物品种并研究耐盐品种的耐盐机制,对于通过种植耐盐作物利用盐碱地具有重要意义。小黑麦是以小麦属(Triticum)作为母本和黑麦属(Secale)作为父本进行有性杂交,应用染色体工程技术人工创制的异源多倍体新物种[4],兼具高产特性与多重抗逆性[56],是理想的耐盐作物研究对象。
近年来,小黑麦耐盐性研究已取得一定进展。研究表明,盐胁迫可显著影响小黑麦的生长、生理及分子响应。例如,Alagoz等[4]揭示了干旱和盐胁迫对小黑麦形态和生理特性的影响,并筛选出潜在的耐盐性评价指标;Deng等[7]通过转录组分析鉴定出877858个差异转录本,并发现多个与耐盐相关的代谢通路及转录因子;Wang等[8]结合全基因组关联研究(GWAS)、转录组和蛋白质组分析,挖掘出关键耐盐基因LEA14;王萌等[9]则对14份小黑麦种质进行了萌发期和苗期耐盐性综合评价。尽管小黑麦耐盐研究取得一定的进展,然而目前仍缺乏对特定耐盐小黑麦品种耐盐机制的研究。
本研究以耐盐小黑麦品种晋饲草1号为研究材料,以冀饲3号为对照品种,通过生理生化分析与代谢组学的数据,系统解析了小黑麦响应盐胁迫的关键代谢调节机制,为耐盐小黑麦品种选育提供了代谢标记和理论支撑。
供试小黑麦品种为晋饲草1号(山西省农业科学院作物科学研究所/小麦研究所育成)和冀饲3号(河北省农林科学院旱作农业研究所育成)。
试验在智能人工气候室(温度:昼(25±2)℃/夜(18.5±1.5)℃,相对湿度60%±5%)采用水培法进行。选取饱满种子经1% NaClO表面灭菌7 min,蒸馏水冲洗后置于铺有双层滤纸的培养箱(25℃恒温,12 h光/暗周期)萌发。待胚芽伸长至1 cm时,移栽至1/2×Hoagland营养液水培盒中培养4 d后进行胁迫处理。设置对照(1/2×Hoagland营养液)和盐处理(1/2×Hoagland+300 mmol/L NaCl)2组,每品种包括3个生物学重复。胁迫处理7 d后,采集植株样品进行后续分析。
采用饱和烘干的方法测量相对含水量[10]。冷冻干燥样品经65% HNO3消化后,用原子吸收分光光度计(TAS−990super,PERSEE)测量Na+、K+、Ca、Mg的含量。使用硫代巴比妥酸反应测定新鲜样品的丙二醛(MDA)浓度[11],同时,测定新鲜样品的抗氧化酶(SOD、POD、CAT)活性[11]。通过电导仪法测定细胞膜电解质渗透率[12]
使用UPLC−MS/MS系统进行代谢组学分析[1314],系统包括Vanquish UPLC(Thermo Fisher,德国Dreieich)和Orbitrap Q ExactiveTM HF质谱仪(Thermo Fisher,德国 Dreieich)。使用Compound Discoverer 3.1(CD3.1,Thermo Fisher,Waltham,MA USA)处理UPLC−MS/MS生成的原始数据文件。分析了每种代谢物的峰对齐、峰挑选和定量。应用单因素分析(t检验)计算统计显著性(P值)。VIP值>1.0,倍数变化(FC)>1.5或FC<0.667,且P−value<0.05的代谢物被视为差异代谢物(DMs)。
生长与生理指标数据采用SPSS 26.0进行统计学检验,利用最小显著差异法(LSD)检验各处理间统计学差异(P<0.05)。
盐胁迫处理显著抑制了2个小黑麦品种的生长,晋饲草1号的生物量和水分保持能力均显著优于冀饲3号(如图1(a)~(g))。与对照组相比,晋饲草1号叶片鲜重和干重分别降低67%和55%,而冀饲3号则分别降低74%和63%;晋饲草1号根部鲜重和干重分别降低65%和59%,而冀饲3号分别降低77%和69%。值得注意的是,晋饲草1号在胁迫条件下仍能维持稳定的相对含水量,而冀饲3号叶片和根部相对含水量均显著降低。品种间比较显示,胁迫处理后晋饲草1号根部鲜重较冀饲3号高51%,晋饲草1号叶片和根部相对含水量比冀饲3号分别高15%和14%。盐胁迫显著改变了2个品种的离子平衡(如图1(h)~(o))。Na+含量在晋饲草1号和冀饲3号叶片中分别增加67.84倍和91.72倍,在晋饲草1号和冀饲3号根部分别增加4.82倍和4.73倍;而K+含量在叶片中晋饲草1号和冀饲3号分别降低48%和57%,在根部分别降低78%和85%。胁迫处理后,晋饲草1号叶片与根部的Na+含量均显著低于冀饲3号(P<0.05)。盐胁迫未影响晋饲草1号和冀饲3号的Ca积累。经胁迫处理后,Mg含量在冀饲3号叶片中显著降低23%,在根部中晋饲草1号和冀饲3号分别降低58%和70%。
盐胁迫诱导了明显的氧化应激响应(如图1(p)~(x))。胁迫处理后,晋饲草1号叶片MDA含量增加1.04倍,显著低于冀饲3号的8.22倍增幅(P<0.05);根部MDA含量晋饲草1号和冀饲3号分别增加0.43倍和1.16倍。抗氧化酶活性分析显示,经胁迫处理后,POD和CAT活性在晋饲草1号叶片中分别增加0.67倍和0.48倍,根部分别增加0.31倍和0.44倍,在冀饲3号叶片中分别增加0.29和0.25倍,在根中分别增加0.21和0.23倍。晋饲草1号在盐胁迫条件下相较于冀饲3号叶片POD活性显著提高31%,根部CAT活性显著提高19%。SOD活性在各处理间无显著差异。盐胁迫处理后,电解质渗透率在晋饲草1号叶片中增加0.29倍,显著低于冀饲3号的0.39倍增幅(P<0.05)。这些结果表明晋饲草1号具有更强的抗氧化防御能力。
对晋饲草1号和冀饲3号2个品种的对照组和盐胁迫处理组的叶片部位和根部进行了代谢组学分析。经过LC−MS/MS检测、鉴定并注释,共得到2419个代谢物。按照VIP>1.0,FC>1.5或FC<0.667且P−value<0.05的标准进行差异代谢物的筛选。与对照相比,在晋饲草1号的叶片中共检测到843个差异代谢物,其中上调的有394个,下调的有449个;在其根部共检测到871个差异代谢物,其中上调的有309个,下调的有562个。在冀饲3号的叶片部位中共检测到842个差异代谢物,其中上调的有378个,下调的有464个;在其根部共检测到804个差异代谢物,其中上调的有266个,下调的有538个。本研究定义,与对照相比晋饲草1号(JS−1)上调,而冀饲3号(JS−3)不变或者下调;或晋饲草1号和冀饲3号均上调,且盐胁迫条件下晋饲草1号比冀饲3号含量高的代谢物,统称为耐盐品种特异诱导上调的代谢物(specific induced metabolites),简称为SIM。在叶片中、根中和叶片与根中共有的SIM,如表1所示。
在叶片中共有44种脂肪酸类(32种不饱和脂肪酸及其衍生物)代谢物属于SIM,其中具有代表性的SIM如图2所示。例如,Lauroylcarnitine、Ethylmalonic acid、Ethyl linolenate、9(Z),11(E),13(E)−Octadecatrienoic Acid methyl ester(18:3(9Z,11E,13E)−Me)、8−(5−Butylfuran−2−yl)octanoylcarnitine、4,8 dimethylnonanoyl carnitine等脂肪酸类代谢物的含量与对照相比在晋饲草1号叶片中均显著增加,分别增加了2.88、21.04、2.00、32.66、20.44、11.04倍,而在冀饲3号中无显著变化;12−OPDA、O−[(5Z)−dodecenoyl]carnitine、9−HOTrE、9−Oxo−10,12−octadecadienoic acid等脂肪酸类代谢物的水平与对照相比在晋饲草1号与冀饲3号叶片中均上调,但盐胁迫条件下晋饲草1号相较冀饲3号分别上调2.54、2.81、1.57、1.24倍。
在根系中共发现11种脂肪酸类(4种不饱和脂肪酸及其衍生物)代谢物属于SIM,其中具有代表性的SIM如图3所示。Lauroylcarnitine、Ethylmalonic acid、Ethyl linolenate、Paullinic acid、Lauroyl diethanolamide等变化幅度较大,这些脂肪酸含量在晋饲草1号根中均显著增加,分别增加了3.16、8.91、4.52、17.11、9.68倍,而在冀饲3号根中无显著变化。叶片和根系共有SIM中包括3种脂肪酸(Lauroylcarnitine、Ethylmalonic acid、Ethyl linolenate)。
叶片中共检测到26种氨基酸、肽及其类似物属于SIM,其中具有代表性的SIM,如图4所示。例如,Phe−Trp−Ala、L−Valyl−L−valine、gamma−L−Glutamyl−L−pipecolic acid、L−tyrosyl−L−valine、Leucylproline、L−Arogenate等的含量在晋饲草1号叶片中均显著增加,分别增加了5.72、6.33、2.18、27.02、24.29倍,而在冀饲3号叶片中无显著变化;H−Ile−Asn−OH、Histidylleucine、His Phe、Tyrosyl−Lysine等代谢物在晋饲草1号与冀饲3号的叶片中均上调,但盐胁迫条件下晋饲草1号相较冀饲3号分别上调1.50、1.47、1.28、1.07倍。
根系中共有12种氨基酸、肽和类似物代谢物属于SIM,其中具有代表性的SIM如图5所示。其中Phe−Trp−Ala、L−Valyl−L−valine、gamma−L−Glutamyl−L−pipecolic acid、Gamma−Glu−Leu、gamma−L−Glutamyl−gamma−L−glutamyl−L−methionine(γ−Glu−γ−Glu−Met)等代谢物的含量在晋饲草1号根中均显著增加,分别增加了8.22、15.65、2.05、4.41、2.36倍,而在冀饲3号根中无显著变化。叶片和根系共有SIM中包括3种氨基酸、肽和类似物,包括L−Valyl−L−valine、gamma−L−Glutamyl−L−pipecolic acid、Phe−Trp−Ala。
叶片中共检测到12种碳水化合物和碳水化合物结合物类代谢物属于SIM,其中具有代表性的SIM如图6所示。其中D−Fructose−6−phosphate、Galactose 1−phosphate、Perseitol Heptaacetate等的含量在晋饲草1号叶片中均显著增加,分别增加了3.91、0.66、4.04倍,而在冀饲3号叶片中无显著变化。
根中有12种碳水化合物和碳水化合物结合物类代谢物属于SIM,其中具有代表性的SIM如图7所示。其中1F−Fructofuranosylnystose、1−Kestose、Galactitol 1−phosphate、Nystose、2−O−Caffeoylglucarate在晋饲草1号根中均显著增加,分别增加了12.96、12.65、4.59、87.15、1.69倍,而在冀饲3号根中无显著变化。Sucrose在晋饲草1号与冀饲3号根中均上调,且盐胁迫条件下晋饲草1号相较冀饲3号上调0.69倍。叶片和根共有SIM中仅发现一种糖类物质1F−Fructofuranosylnystose。
叶片中有2种黄酮类代谢物属于SIM(图8)。然而在根系中有16种类黄酮代谢物属于SIM,其中具有代表性的SIM如图9所示。Gnaphaliin和3−Methylflavone−8−carboxylic acid(3−Me−Fla−8−COOH)变化幅度较大,它们的含量在晋饲草1号根中均显著增加,分别增加了3.49和3.89倍,而在冀饲3号根中无显著变化。
土壤盐胁迫通常会对植物产生渗透胁迫、离子毒害和氧化损伤,进而干扰植物的代谢过程、抑制植物的生长和发育[15]。本研究结果表明,与对照品种相比,晋饲草1号在盐胁迫下表现出显著的生理优势,具有更高的抗氧化酶活性、相对高的含水量及生物量,更低Na+积累,证实其在盐胁迫下可以有效地应对渗透胁迫、离子毒害及氧伤害。代谢组学分析表明,耐盐小黑麦品种通过协同调控根和叶片多种代谢物的水平来应对盐胁迫。耐盐小黑麦品种叶片中特异积累大量脂肪酸类、氨基酸和糖类。在耐盐品种晋饲草1号的叶片组织中,鉴定到30余种不饱和脂肪酸及其衍生物属于SIM,包括α−亚麻酸(α−Linolenic acid)和12−氧代植物二烯酸(12−Oxophytodienoic acid,12−OPDA)等关键代谢物。上述耐盐品种特异上调的脂肪酸类代谢物可能通过调节膜脂组成维持细胞膜结构完整性,显著降低盐胁迫诱导的膜脂过氧化水平(MDA含量显著降低)[16],也可能作为内源性信号分子激活茉莉酸(Jasmonic acid,JA)信号转导通路上调SOD、POD等抗氧化酶基因表达加速活性氧(Reactive Oxygen Species,ROS)清除过程[1719]。此外,代谢谱分析显示多种氨基酸及其衍生物呈现组织特异性积累模式,耐盐小黑麦品种根和叶中特异上调不同的氨基酸。这些氨基酸代谢物具有渗透调节与抗氧化双重生理功能[2021]。盐胁迫下耐盐小黑麦品种根和叶可通过积累不同的氨基酸成分应对渗透胁迫和氧损伤。耐盐品种根系特异性上调16种类黄酮化合物、13种氨基酸、12种糖。耐盐品种根和叶均是通过积累糖类和氨基酸来进行渗透调节,但耐盐品种在叶片中依靠积累不饱和脂肪酸清除活性氧,而在根中依靠积累类黄酮来清除活性氧[22]。本研究也重点关注了耐盐品种根和叶中均特异性上调的代谢物,这些代谢物包括3种脂肪酸类、3种短肽或氨基酸类似物以及1种碳水化合物。这些共同上调的代谢物可能作为系统性盐胁迫响应的核心分子,在不同组织间发挥协同调节作用[23]。总体来说,研究结果表明耐盐小黑麦品种根和叶通过协同积累不同类型的代谢物减轻盐胁迫造成伤害,促进植株整体有效应对盐胁迫。
  • 吉林省农业科学院(中国农业科技东北创新中心)创新工程项目(CXGC2025YY007)
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2025年第43卷第19期
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doi: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2025.07.00013
  • 接收时间:2025-07-02
  • 首发时间:2025-12-18
  • 出版时间:2025-10-13
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  • 收稿日期:2025-07-02
  • 修回日期:2025-09-30
  • 录用日期:2025-10-10
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吉林省农业科学院(中国农业科技东北创新中心)创新工程项目(CXGC2025YY007)
作者信息
    1. 吉林省农业科学院(中国农业科技东北创新中心)作物资源研究所,公主岭 136100
    2. 东北师范大学生命科学学院,长春 130024
    3. 宁夏西贝农林牧生态科技有限公司,银川 750001

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窦忠玉(通信作者),副研究员,研究方向为作物栽培及育种,电子信箱:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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