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全球变暖背景下,个人降温技术不只是“舒适”的问题。统计显示,2000—2019年,全球每年与热相关的死亡超48万例;而传统空调带来的能耗与排放又反过来加剧热风险,形成“越热越耗能、越耗能越变热”的回路。2025年8月28日,香港理工大学团队在《Science》发表观点文章,提出一条更可持续的路径正在形成:以先进纺织材料为核心,叠加智能可穿戴与算法调控,围绕辐射、传导、对流与蒸发4种物理机制,构建轻量、灵活、低能耗的“穿戴式冷却系统”。

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全球变暖背景下,个人降温技术不只是“舒适”的问题。统计显示,2000—2019年,全球每年与热相关的死亡超48万例;而传统空调带来的能耗与排放又反过来加剧热风险,形成“越热越耗能、越耗能越变热”的回路。2025年8月28日,香港理工大学团队在《Science》发表观点文章,提出一条更可持续的路径正在形成:以先进纺织材料为核心,叠加智能可穿戴与算法调控,围绕辐射、传导、对流与蒸发4种物理机制,构建轻量、灵活、低能耗的“穿戴式冷却系统”。

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(图片来源:东华大学官网)

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    全球变暖背景下,个人降温技术不只是“舒适”的问题。统计显示,2000—2019年,全球每年与热相关的死亡超48万例;而传统空调带来的能耗与排放又反过来加剧热风险,形成“越热越耗能、越耗能越变热”的回路。2025年8月28日,香港理工大学团队在《Science》发表观点文章,提出一条更可持续的路径正在形成:以先进纺织材料为核心,叠加智能可穿戴与算法调控,围绕辐射、传导、对流与蒸发4种物理机制,构建轻量、灵活、低能耗的“穿戴式冷却系统”。

    全球变暖背景下,个人降温技术不只是“舒适”的问题。统计显示,2000—2019年,全球每年与热相关的死亡超48万例;而传统空调带来的能耗与排放又反过来加剧热风险,形成“越热越耗能、越耗能越变热”的回路。2025年8月28日,香港理工大学团队在《Science》发表观点文章,提出一条更可持续的路径正在形成:以先进纺织材料为核心,叠加智能可穿戴与算法调控,围绕辐射、传导、对流与蒸发4种物理机制,构建轻量、灵活、低能耗的“穿戴式冷却系统”。

    . 可持续个人冷却技术加速成型. 科技导报, 2025 , 43 (17) : 10 -10 .
    . Science & Technology Review, 2025 , 43 (17) : 10 -10 .
    全球变暖背景下,个人降温技术不只是“舒适”的问题。统计显示,2000—2019年,全球每年与热相关的死亡超48万例;而传统空调带来的能耗与排放又反过来加剧热风险,形成“越热越耗能、越耗能越变热”的回路。2025年8月28日,香港理工大学团队在《Science》发表观点文章,提出一条更可持续的路径正在形成:以先进纺织材料为核心,叠加智能可穿戴与算法调控,围绕辐射、传导、对流与蒸发4种物理机制,构建轻量、灵活、低能耗的“穿戴式冷却系统”。
    辐射:人体主要在中红外7~14 μm波段散热。若织物同时“让人体热跑出去”(高8~13 μm发射/透过)并“把太阳热挡回来”(0.3~2.5 μm高反射),就能在不耗电的情况下更凉爽。典型例子是纳米多孔聚乙烯(nanoPE),模拟皮肤测试显示,相比棉布可降2.0~2.7℃;“metafabric(超构织物)”在户外实测可比商用棉布低约4.8℃。
    传导:把热“导走”或“挡住”。在常见炎热环境,可在纤维里加入高导热填料(如氮化硼)快速带走皮肤热;在极端高温工况,则用强绝热结构(如气凝胶纤维)阻断外界热量“灌入”。
    对流+ 蒸发:让衣服“会呼吸”。通过孔隙结构和定向导汗微结构,把汗液快速引到衣物外侧并蒸发,同时维持空气流通,避免“又闷又湿”导致散热失效。正在兴起的方向包括可水洗的电渗系统,用极低电压主动把汗液跨织物泵走,维持皮肤干爽与面料通气。
    真正的“可持续个人降温”还需要感知与算法。可穿戴传感器可实时采集体温、汗量、心率、湿度与压力水平,AI模型据此预测个体化冷却需求,只在“感到不适”的瞬间精准触发,避免过度制冷;同时把纤维直径/形状、孔隙率、厚度以及导热率、发射率、反射率等参数作为多目标优化变量,面向不同温湿度与活动强度,自动生成“全天候配置”。在供能侧,服装可耦合摩擦电/压电/热电/湿度电等能量收集单元,从人体运动、温差与湿度梯度“攒电”,甚至利用高反射/高发射的纳米颗粒织物实现热电联用,为低功耗主动降温“续航”。
    (综合《Science》《Advanced Functional Materials》)

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    2种不同金属材料的力学参数

    Family
    属数
    Number of
    genus
    种数
    Number of
    species
    占总种数比例
    Percentage of
    total species (%)

    Genus
    种数
    Number of
    species
    占总种数比例
    Percentage of total
    species (%)
    鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
    小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
    多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
    红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
    小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
    光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
    红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
    栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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