Article(id=1208357727835893799, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, issueId=1208357725101208554, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2025.05.00087, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1747238400000, receivedDateStr=2025-05-15, revisedDate=1752681600000, revisedDateStr=2025-07-17, acceptedDate=1757001600000, acceptedDateStr=2025-09-05, onlineDate=1766024532517, onlineDateStr=2025-12-18, pubDate=1758988800000, pubDateStr=2025-09-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763308800000, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1766024532517, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774080057432, updator=sys-migrate, issue=Issue{id=1208357725101208554, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, year='2025', volume='43', issue='18', pageStart='1', pageEnd='140', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1758988800000', pubDateStr='2025-09-28', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1766024531865, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1774330867198, updator='13041195026', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1243197020681388272, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, issueId=1208357725101208554, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1243197020681388273, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, issueId=1208357725101208554, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=115, endPage=126, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1208357728297267265, articleId=1208357727835893799, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, language=EN, title=Advances in wide−area rapid precise point positioning using BDS/GNSS, columnId=1150494644690366681, journalTitle=Science & Technology Review, columnName=Papers, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Rapid precise point positioning (PPP) over wide areas breaks through the dependency of traditional differential techniques on dense reference network, and serves as one of the key techniques to establish and maintain autonomous, wide-area, high-precision spatiotemporal framework using Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS). This work provides a comprehensive review of the current development of satellite constellations, ground station infrastructure, and associated precise satellite products. Key technical advances are summarized in four respects, including multi-frequency and multi−GNSS integration, ambiguity resolution, atmospheric augmentation, and Low Earth Orbit (LEO) augmentation. All the analysis concentrate on their contributions to improving PPP positioning accuracy and convergence speed. Recent progress in PPP commercialization is discussed, alongside the latest developments in satellite-based PPP services, including BDS PPP-B2b. Finally, we outline persistent challenges and future research directions confronting wide-area rapid PPP, highlighting deep integration of high and low orbit constellations, multi-source fusion for positioning enhancement, and the evolution of next-generation satellite-based PPP service architectures. The study aims to support the large-scale deployment and service system development of high-precision positioning based on BDS/GNSS.
, authors=null, authorsList=Xinyun CAO, Yulong GE, Tianjun LIU, Liu YANG, Lei XU, Fei SHEN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Fei SHEN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=
All rights reserved. Unauthorized reproduction is prohibited., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1208357729924657240, articleId=1208357727835893799, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, language=CN, title=北斗/全球导航卫星系统广域快速精密单点定位研究进展, columnId=1146540929516700224, journalTitle=科技导报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
广域快速精密单点定位(PPP)技术突破了传统差分技术对密集参考站的依赖性,是推动全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)实现广域自主高精度时空基准建立与维持的关键手段之一。围绕北斗/GNSS广域快速PPP,系统梳理了北斗/GNSS系统星座构成、地基站点建设以及卫星精密产品的发展现状,综述了多频多模增强、模糊度固定增强、大气增强、低轨卫星增强等关键技术手段的研究进展,重点分析了上述4种技术手段对提升PPP定位精度与收敛速度的贡献,总结了国内外PPP商业化服务的应用现状,阐述了包含北斗PPP-B2b的星基PPP服务的最新动态,最后,探讨了当前广域快速PPP面临的误差建模与改正、异构星座、GNSS信号与网络异常等核心挑战,展望了高低轨星座深度融合、多源融合定位增强、广域星基PPP服务体系等未来重点发展方向,旨在为北斗/GNSS高精度定位技术的规模化应用和服务体系构建提供参考。
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, authorsList=曹新运, 葛玉龙, 刘天骏, 杨柳, 徐磊, 沈飞, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=沈飞, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
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版权所有,未经授权,不得转载。, copyrightOwner=《科技导报》编辑部, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=e4nQH57PZ6ZZEcAxNcWIhw==, magXml=e4nQH57PZ6ZZEcAxNcWIhw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=ZVA1pA7VqyHaQ2PQZR6STA==, pdfFileSize=897075, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=dFAkZdbaLdaNxK3aryqhfA==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=p9u9yKaIAHdeBl+rIiUKYw==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1242145065372561785, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208357727835893799, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=xycao@njnu.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1242145065460642173, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208357727835893799, authorId=1242145065372561785, language=EN, stringName=Xinyun CAO, firstName=Xinyun, middleName=null, lastName=CAO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
1, 2, 3, address=1. School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
2. Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment (Nanjing Normal University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210023, China
3. Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing 210023, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1242145065561305470, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208357727835893799, authorId=1242145065372561785, language=CN, stringName=曹新运, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
1, 2, 3, address=1. 南京师范大学地理科学学院,南京 210023
2. 虚拟地理环境教育部重点实验室(南京师范大学),南京 210023
3. 江苏省地理信息资源开发与利用协同创新中心,南京 210023, bio={"content":"
曹新运,副教授,研究方向为北斗广域精密定位与授时理论与方法,电子信箱:xycao@njnu.edu.cn
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曹新运,副教授,研究方向为北斗广域精密定位与授时理论与方法,电子信箱:xycao@njnu.edu.cn
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5, address=5. GNSS Research Center, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1242145065947181448, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208357727835893799, authorId=1242145065812963717, language=CN, stringName=刘天骏, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
5, address=5. 武汉大学卫星导航定位技术研究中心,武汉 430079, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1242145065141875055, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208357727835893799, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242145065150263664, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208357727835893799, companyId=1242145065141875055, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=5. GNSS Research Center, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242145065158652273, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208357727835893799, companyId=1242145065141875055, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=5. 武汉大学卫星导航定位技术研究中心,武汉 430079)])]), Author(id=1242145066001707402, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208357727835893799, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1242145066064621964, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208357727835893799, authorId=1242145066001707402, language=EN, stringName=Liu YANG, firstName=Liu, middleName=null, lastName=YANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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1, 2, 3, *, address=1. School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
2. Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment (Nanjing Normal University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210023, China
3. Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing 210023, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1242145066576327065, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208357727835893799, authorId=1242145066391777684, language=CN, stringName=沈飞, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
1, 2, 3, *, address=1. 南京师范大学地理科学学院,南京 210023
2. 虚拟地理环境教育部重点实验室(南京师范大学),南京 210023
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国际GNSS服务组织站点分布, figureFileSmall=/sivvGpROXPvlVDGrWKLOw==, figureFileBig=NGilmhgissUuCBSCA95tjA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242145069327790506, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208357727835893799, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 全球导航卫星系统 | 卫星类型 | 卫星数量 | 频率 |
| 中国BDS | BDS-2 GEO | 5 | B1I/B3I/B2I |
| BDS-2 IGSO | 7 | B1I/B3I/B2I |
| BDS-2 MEO | 3 | B1I/B3I/B2I |
| BDS-3 GEO | 4 | B1I/B3I/B2b |
| BDS-3 IGSO | 3 | B1I/B3I/B1C/B2a/B2b/B2(a+b) |
| BDS-3 MEO | 28 | B1I/B3I/B1C/B2a/B2b/B2(a+b) |
| 美国GPS | IIR | 14 | L1/L2 |
| IIF | 11 | L1/L2/L5 |
| IIIA | 7 | L1/L2/L5 |
| 俄罗斯GLONASS | M | 15 | L1OF/L2OF |
| M+ | 6 | L1OF/L2OF/L3OC |
| K1 | 4 | L1OF/L2OF/L2OC/L3OC |
| K2 | 2 | L1OF/L2OF/L1OC/L2OC/L3OC |
| 欧盟Galileo | IOV | 4 | E1/E5a/E6/B5b/E5(a+b) |
| FOC | 24 | E1/E5a/E6/B5b/E5(a+b) |
), ArticleFig(id=1242145069415870891, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208357727835893799, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
GNSS星座现状(截至2025年4月)
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 全球导航卫星系统 | 卫星类型 | 卫星数量 | 频率 |
| 中国BDS | BDS-2 GEO | 5 | B1I/B3I/B2I |
| BDS-2 IGSO | 7 | B1I/B3I/B2I |
| BDS-2 MEO | 3 | B1I/B3I/B2I |
| BDS-3 GEO | 4 | B1I/B3I/B2b |
| BDS-3 IGSO | 3 | B1I/B3I/B1C/B2a/B2b/B2(a+b) |
| BDS-3 MEO | 28 | B1I/B3I/B1C/B2a/B2b/B2(a+b) |
| 美国GPS | IIR | 14 | L1/L2 |
| IIF | 11 | L1/L2/L5 |
| IIIA | 7 | L1/L2/L5 |
| 俄罗斯GLONASS | M | 15 | L1OF/L2OF |
| M+ | 6 | L1OF/L2OF/L3OC |
| K1 | 4 | L1OF/L2OF/L2OC/L3OC |
| K2 | 2 | L1OF/L2OF/L1OC/L2OC/L3OC |
| 欧盟Galileo | IOV | 4 | E1/E5a/E6/B5b/E5(a+b) |
| FOC | 24 | E1/E5a/E6/B5b/E5(a+b) |
), ArticleFig(id=1242145069487174060, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208357727835893799, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 分析中心 | 产品缩写 | 产品类型及其采样间隔和适用系统 | 备注 |
| 轨道 | 钟差 | 姿态 | 相位偏差 |
| WHU | WUM0MGXFIN | 300 s/GRECJ | 30 s/GRECJ | 30 s/GRECJ | 86400 s/GECJ | 支持多频固定 |
| WUMMGXRAP | 300 s/GREC | 30 s/GREC | 30 s/GREC | 86400 s/GEC | 支持多频固定 |
| CODE | COD0MGXFIN | 300 s/GRECJ | 30 s/GRECJ | 30 s/GRECJ | 86400 s/GEJ | 支持双频固定 |
| GFZ | GBM0MGXRAP | 300 s/GRECJ | 30 s/GRECJ | 30 s/GRECJ | 86400 s/GEC | 支持双频固定 |
| CNES/CLS | GRG0MGXFIN | 300 s/GREC | 30 s/GREC | 30 s/GREC | 86400 s/GEC | 支持双频固定 |
| ESA | ESA0MGNFIN | 300 s/GRECJ | 30 s/GRECJ | — | — | — |
| IAC | IAC0MGXFIN | 300 s/GRECJ | 30 s/GRECJ | — | — | — |
| JAXA | JAX0MGXFIN | 300 s/GRECJ | 30 s/GRECJ | — | — | — |
| SHAO | SHA0MGXRAP | 300 s/GREC | 30 s/GREC | 30 s/GREC | — | — |
), ArticleFig(id=1242145069571060141, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208357727835893799, language=CN, label=表2, caption=
多GNSS系统精密产品(截至2025年4月)
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 分析中心 | 产品缩写 | 产品类型及其采样间隔和适用系统 | 备注 |
| 轨道 | 钟差 | 姿态 | 相位偏差 |
| WHU | WUM0MGXFIN | 300 s/GRECJ | 30 s/GRECJ | 30 s/GRECJ | 86400 s/GECJ | 支持多频固定 |
| WUMMGXRAP | 300 s/GREC | 30 s/GREC | 30 s/GREC | 86400 s/GEC | 支持多频固定 |
| CODE | COD0MGXFIN | 300 s/GRECJ | 30 s/GRECJ | 30 s/GRECJ | 86400 s/GEJ | 支持双频固定 |
| GFZ | GBM0MGXRAP | 300 s/GRECJ | 30 s/GRECJ | 30 s/GRECJ | 86400 s/GEC | 支持双频固定 |
| CNES/CLS | GRG0MGXFIN | 300 s/GREC | 30 s/GREC | 30 s/GREC | 86400 s/GEC | 支持双频固定 |
| ESA | ESA0MGNFIN | 300 s/GRECJ | 30 s/GRECJ | — | — | — |
| IAC | IAC0MGXFIN | 300 s/GRECJ | 30 s/GRECJ | — | — | — |
| JAXA | JAX0MGXFIN | 300 s/GRECJ | 30 s/GRECJ | — | — | — |
| SHAO | SHA0MGXRAP | 300 s/GREC | 30 s/GREC | 30 s/GREC | — | — |
), ArticleFig(id=1242145069654946222, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208357727835893799, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 提供商(国家) | 服务名称 | 播发方式 | 典型精度 | 典型时间 | 服务范围 | 支持系统 |
Trimble (美国) | CenterPoint RTX | 星基L波段/地基网络 | 平面2 cm 高程3 cm | < 20 min(标准) | 全球 | GREC |
| < 2 min(快速) | 北美、欧洲等 |
Hexagon (瑞典) | TerraStar−C | 星基L波段/地基网络 | 平面5 cm 高程10 cm | < 30 min | 全球 | GR |
| TerraStar−C PRO | 星基L波段/地基网络 | 平面2.5 cm 高程5 cm | 最快3 min | 全球 | GREC |
| TerraStar−X | 地基网络为主 | 平面2 cm 高程5 cm | < 1 min | 北美等区域 | GR |
华测导航 (中国) | PointNet NPPP | 地基网络 | 平面2.5 cm 高程5 cm | < 5 min(1 min) | 全球(亚欧大陆) | GREC |
| PointSky | 星基L波段 | < 5 min(3 min) | 亚欧大陆(中国) |
千寻位置 (中国) | Xstar | 星基L波段/地基网络 | 平面2.5 cm 高程5 cm | < 5 min 最快50 s | 中国及亚太区域 | GREC |
), ArticleFig(id=1242145069738832303, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208357727835893799, language=CN, label=表3, caption=
PPP商业服务的典型特征
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| 提供商(国家) | 服务名称 | 播发方式 | 典型精度 | 典型时间 | 服务范围 | 支持系统 |
Trimble (美国) | CenterPoint RTX | 星基L波段/地基网络 | 平面2 cm 高程3 cm | < 20 min(标准) | 全球 | GREC |
| < 2 min(快速) | 北美、欧洲等 |
Hexagon (瑞典) | TerraStar−C | 星基L波段/地基网络 | 平面5 cm 高程10 cm | < 30 min | 全球 | GR |
| TerraStar−C PRO | 星基L波段/地基网络 | 平面2.5 cm 高程5 cm | 最快3 min | 全球 | GREC |
| TerraStar−X | 地基网络为主 | 平面2 cm 高程5 cm | < 1 min | 北美等区域 | GR |
华测导航 (中国) | PointNet NPPP | 地基网络 | 平面2.5 cm 高程5 cm | < 5 min(1 min) | 全球(亚欧大陆) | GREC |
| PointSky | 星基L波段 | < 5 min(3 min) | 亚欧大陆(中国) |
千寻位置 (中国) | Xstar | 星基L波段/地基网络 | 平面2.5 cm 高程5 cm | < 5 min 最快50 s | 中国及亚太区域 | GREC |
), ArticleFig(id=1242145069826912688, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208357727835893799, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 星基PPP服务类型 | 支持系统 | 服务范围 | 技术类型 | 增强信息 | 时间基准 | 参考坐标系 |
| BDS−3 PPP−B2b | C/G/E*/R* | 中国及周边地区 | PPP | 轨道、钟差、码偏差 | BDT | BDCS |
| Galileo HAS | E/G | 全球(L1) | PPP | 轨道、钟差、码偏差 | GST | GTRF |
| 欧洲(L2) | PPP−AR* | +相位偏差* |
| PPP−RTK* | +大气改正* |
| QZSS CLAS | G/E/J/R* | 日本及其周边 | PPP−RTK | 轨道、钟差、码偏差、 相位偏差、大气改正 | QZSST | ITRF (IGS) |
), ArticleFig(id=1242145069898215857, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208357727835893799, language=CN, label=表4, caption=
PPP星基服务核心技术参数及综合性能
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 星基PPP服务类型 | 支持系统 | 服务范围 | 技术类型 | 增强信息 | 时间基准 | 参考坐标系 |
| BDS−3 PPP−B2b | C/G/E*/R* | 中国及周边地区 | PPP | 轨道、钟差、码偏差 | BDT | BDCS |
| Galileo HAS | E/G | 全球(L1) | PPP | 轨道、钟差、码偏差 | GST | GTRF |
| 欧洲(L2) | PPP−AR* | +相位偏差* |
| PPP−RTK* | +大气改正* |
| QZSS CLAS | G/E/J/R* | 日本及其周边 | PPP−RTK | 轨道、钟差、码偏差、 相位偏差、大气改正 | QZSST | ITRF (IGS) |
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