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华东师范大学研究员张伟团队,联合德国慕尼黑工业大学、美国太平洋西北国家实验室等的科研人员,首创室温催化转化技术,可在常温常压条件下,将聚氯乙烯(PVC)和聚烯烃等难降解混合塑料废弃物一步高效转化为高附加值燃油,转化效率超过95%。这一创新不仅攻克了含氯塑料回收的世界性难题,也为全球塑料污染治理提供了全新的解决方案。2025年8月14日,相关研究成果发表于《Science》。

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华东师范大学研究员张伟团队,联合德国慕尼黑工业大学、美国太平洋西北国家实验室等的科研人员,首创室温催化转化技术,可在常温常压条件下,将聚氯乙烯(PVC)和聚烯烃等难降解混合塑料废弃物一步高效转化为高附加值燃油,转化效率超过95%。这一创新不仅攻克了含氯塑料回收的世界性难题,也为全球塑料污染治理提供了全新的解决方案。2025年8月14日,相关研究成果发表于《Science》。

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(图片来源:《Science》)

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室温一步法将混合塑料炼成高标号汽油
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室温一步法将混合塑料炼成高标号汽油
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    华东师范大学研究员张伟团队,联合德国慕尼黑工业大学、美国太平洋西北国家实验室等的科研人员,首创室温催化转化技术,可在常温常压条件下,将聚氯乙烯(PVC)和聚烯烃等难降解混合塑料废弃物一步高效转化为高附加值燃油,转化效率超过95%。这一创新不仅攻克了含氯塑料回收的世界性难题,也为全球塑料污染治理提供了全新的解决方案。2025年8月14日,相关研究成果发表于《Science》。

    华东师范大学研究员张伟团队,联合德国慕尼黑工业大学、美国太平洋西北国家实验室等的科研人员,首创室温催化转化技术,可在常温常压条件下,将聚氯乙烯(PVC)和聚烯烃等难降解混合塑料废弃物一步高效转化为高附加值燃油,转化效率超过95%。这一创新不仅攻克了含氯塑料回收的世界性难题,也为全球塑料污染治理提供了全新的解决方案。2025年8月14日,相关研究成果发表于《Science》。

    . 室温一步法将混合塑料炼成高标号汽油. 科技导报, 2025 , 43 (16) : 5 -5 .
    . Science & Technology Review, 2025 , 43 (16) : 5 -5 .
    华东师范大学研究员张伟团队,联合德国慕尼黑工业大学、美国太平洋西北国家实验室等的科研人员,首创室温催化转化技术,可在常温常压条件下,将聚氯乙烯(PVC)和聚烯烃等难降解混合塑料废弃物一步高效转化为高附加值燃油,转化效率超过95%。这一创新不仅攻克了含氯塑料回收的世界性难题,也为全球塑料污染治理提供了全新的解决方案。2025年8月14日,相关研究成果发表于《Science》。
    目前,含PVC混合废塑料的化学回收,仍面临重大技术挑战。张伟团队从石油炼制工艺中获得关键启示,创新性地提出了塑料低温催化转化的新策略。传统石油加工包含2个核心步骤:高温催化裂化将重质油转化为轻质组分,以及低温烷基化反应提升油品质量。研究团队巧妙地将这两个工艺原理融合,首次提出“塑料催化裂解—烷基化耦合反应”的全新概念,并开发出一步法转化技术。
    该技术实现了3大创新:一是反应条件革新,在常温下即可完成转化,能耗降低70%以上;二是工艺集成创新,将脱氯、裂解和烷基化3步反应整合为单一过程;三是资源协同利用,创造性地利用石化副产物作为反应介质,实现“以废治废”,实现废塑料资源的高效增值利用。
    实验数据显示,该技术可将混合废塑料一步转化为高标号汽油,碳原子利用率超过95%。这种“分子炼油”技术不仅大幅提升了塑料回收的经济性,也建立了完整的资源循环利用链条,为全球塑料污染治理提供了切实可行的解决方案。
    在技术设计上,研究团队选择了价格低廉、活性高、腐蚀性低、操作安全可靠的氯铝酸盐离子液体作为催化剂。与传统高温裂解相比,新技术常温即可运行,安全环保,无有毒副产物,能有效阻断氯污染,转化为回收的氯化氢,溶于水即可生成无毒盐酸,从而兼顾资源利用与环境安全。
    德国慕尼黑工业大学教授、美国西北太平洋国家实验室综合催化所所长Johannes A. Lercher评价:“这项技术就像为塑料垃圾找到了’化学剪刀’,能在室温下快速将高分子链切割成汽油分子大小,为全球循环经济提供重要支撑。
    (综合《Science》、科学网、华东师范大学官网)

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    2种不同金属材料的力学参数
    科
    Family
    属数
    Number of
    genus
    种数
    Number of
    species
    占总种数比例
    Percentage of
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    属
    Genus
    种数
    Number of
    species
    占总种数比例
    Percentage of total
    species (%)
    鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
    小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
    多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
    红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
    小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
    光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
    红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
    栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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