Article(id=1208354095761571928, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, issueId=1208354088958407437, articleNumber=null, orderNo=21, doi=10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2024.05.00454, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1714924800000, receivedDateStr=2024-05-06, revisedDate=1719244800000, revisedDateStr=2024-06-25, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1766023666563, onlineDateStr=2025-12-18, pubDate=1755014400000, pubDateStr=2025-08-13, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1757260800000, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-09-08, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1766023666563, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774079842579, updator=sys-migrate, issue=Issue{id=1208354088958407437, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, year='2025', volume='43', issue='15', pageStart='1', pageEnd='136', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1755014400000', pubDateStr='2025-08-13', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1766023664940, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1774330848910, updator='13041195026', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1243196943967568110, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, issueId=1208354088958407437, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1243196943967568111, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, issueId=1208354088958407437, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=102, endPage=109, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1208354096097116267, articleId=1208354095761571928, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, language=EN, title=Application of geophysical well logs in the exploration of scarce resources: A helium perspective, columnId=1150494644690366681, journalTitle=Science & Technology Review, columnName=Papers, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Helium is a strategically key resource closely tied to national development and is one of China's extremely scarce mineral resources. Currently, the assessments of helium generation often rely on test results from core or field samples, making it difficult to conduct continuous, comprehensive evaluations of a region. To address this issue, considering that the helium generation is a function of the concentrations of radioactive elements uranium or thorium and time, a method for assessing helium resource based on natural gamma−ray spectrometry logging is proposed. By employing gamma detectors to measure the gamma spectra resulting from natural radioactivity in rock layers and analyzing the variations in gamma spectra caused by different radioactive nuclides, it becomes feasible to continuously determine the uranium and thorium content of each stratum. This result can then be utilized to analyse the helium release content of rock minerals, identify primary helium−bearing rocks, and evaluate the potential helium resources within the strata. Currently, this approach is being applied to forecast helium resource distribution and conduct strategic assessments in the Gucheng, Yakela, Tuofutai, Hetianhe area, as well as across the entire Tarim Basin. In the future, it is necessary to further refine the determination of the helium generation amount in crystalline basement, absolute ages of helium−releasing minerals, and the process of helium dissipation in gas reservoirs during the use of this method.

, authors=null, authorsList=Mingyue GONG, Yanxin HE, Chaokun ZHANG, Xiaoyu WANG, Jiahao REN, Hongjia LI, Zehui SHI, Wei TIAN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Wei TIAN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=All rights reserved. Unauthorized reproduction is prohibited., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1208354097846141137, articleId=1208354095761571928, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, language=CN, title=地球物理测井在稀缺资源勘探中的应用——以氦气为例, columnId=1146540929516700224, journalTitle=科技导报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

针对岩石的生氦潜量是一个关于放射性元素铀、钍浓度和时间的函数,提出了一套基于自然伽马能谱测井的氦气资源潜力评估方法。利用伽马探测器测量地层自然放射性产生的伽马能谱,根据不同放射性核素产生伽马能谱的差异,通过谱解析可连续获取地层各层位的铀、钍含量,进而计算岩石矿物的释氦含量,识别优势氦源岩,对于地层中的氦气资源潜力进行评估。该方法目前被应用于塔里木盆地古城、雅克拉、托甫台、和田河区块及全盆地氦气资源分布的预测及战略选区评价中。未来需要进一步加强使用该方法过程中对于结晶基底氦气生成量、岩石矿物释氦绝对年龄、气藏氦气逸散过程的精确厘定。

, authors=

弓明月,副研究员,研究方向为岩石学与油气地质,电子信箱:

, authorsList=弓明月, 何衍鑫, 张朝鲲, 王筱煜, 任嘉豪, 李宏佳, 史泽辉, 田伟, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=田伟, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
田伟(通信作者),研究员,研究方向为岩浆岩与火山学, 电子信箱:
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弓明月,副研究员,研究方向为岩石学与油气地质,电子信箱:

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弓明月,副研究员,研究方向为岩石学与油气地质,电子信箱:

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注:(a)据文献[13]修改,(b)据文献[22]修改。

, figureFileSmall=rrjwPM5ykZhWMzZTirpKxA==, figureFileBig=oSq76EAypdJffhK2H4OqYA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242144166738735159, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208354095761571928, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=az7aQKZFHO/m6eA/A0ykpw==, figureFileBig=k4p0AuETia/DRFbhn6xRdg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242144166826815545, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208354095761571928, language=CN, label=图5, caption=基于自然伽马能谱测井资料分析各井位、岩性、地层层位氦生产力, figureFileSmall=az7aQKZFHO/m6eA/A0ykpw==, figureFileBig=k4p0AuETia/DRFbhn6xRdg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242144166893924411, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208354095761571928, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=RpoeW5nQsxW81nD7hZ625g==, figureFileBig=cjmaOmqC/31UAA86itMCGw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242144166969421885, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208354095761571928, language=CN, label=图6, caption=基于分子动力学模拟氦气亨利常数在Hi不同体系下的变化趋势

注:H2O,水;MeOH,甲醇;EtOH,乙醇;2−PrOH,2−丙醇
(据文献[36]修改)。

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地球物理测井在稀缺资源勘探中的应用——以氦气为例
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弓明月 1 , 何衍鑫 2, 3 , 张朝鲲 2 , 王筱煜 4 , 任嘉豪 2 , 李宏佳 2 , 史泽辉 2 , 田伟 2, *
科技导报 | 研究论文 2025,43(15): 102-109
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科技导报 |研究论文 2025 , 43 (15) : 102 -109
地球物理测井在稀缺资源勘探中的应用——以氦气为例
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弓明月,副研究员,研究方向为岩石学与油气地质,电子信箱:

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弓明月,副研究员,研究方向为岩石学与油气地质,电子信箱:

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弓明月1 , 何衍鑫2, 3, 张朝鲲2, 王筱煜4, 任嘉豪2, 李宏佳2, 史泽辉2, 田伟2, *
作者信息
  • 1. 中国石油化工股份有限公司石油勘探开发研究院,北京 100083
  • 2. 北京大学地球与空间科学学院,北京 100871
  • 3. 江西理工大学资源与环境工程学院,赣州 341000
  • 4. 加利福尼亚大学伯克利分校,伯克利 CA 94704
通讯作者:
田伟(通信作者),研究员,研究方向为岩浆岩与火山学, 电子信箱:
Application of geophysical well logs in the exploration of scarce resources: A helium perspective
Mingyue GONG1 , Yanxin HE2, 3, Chaokun ZHANG2, Xiaoyu WANG4, Jiahao REN2, Hongjia LI2, Zehui SHI2, Wei TIAN2, *
Affiliations
  • 1. Sinopec Petroleum Exploration and Development Research Institute, Beijing 100083, China
  • 2. School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
  • 3. School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China
  • 4. University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA
出版时间: 2025-08-13 doi: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2024.05.00454
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针对岩石的生氦潜量是一个关于放射性元素铀、钍浓度和时间的函数,提出了一套基于自然伽马能谱测井的氦气资源潜力评估方法。利用伽马探测器测量地层自然放射性产生的伽马能谱,根据不同放射性核素产生伽马能谱的差异,通过谱解析可连续获取地层各层位的铀、钍含量,进而计算岩石矿物的释氦含量,识别优势氦源岩,对于地层中的氦气资源潜力进行评估。该方法目前被应用于塔里木盆地古城、雅克拉、托甫台、和田河区块及全盆地氦气资源分布的预测及战略选区评价中。未来需要进一步加强使用该方法过程中对于结晶基底氦气生成量、岩石矿物释氦绝对年龄、气藏氦气逸散过程的精确厘定。

氦气  /  自然伽马能谱测井  /  生氦潜量  /  氦气资源评价  /  塔里木盆地

Helium is a strategically key resource closely tied to national development and is one of China's extremely scarce mineral resources. Currently, the assessments of helium generation often rely on test results from core or field samples, making it difficult to conduct continuous, comprehensive evaluations of a region. To address this issue, considering that the helium generation is a function of the concentrations of radioactive elements uranium or thorium and time, a method for assessing helium resource based on natural gamma−ray spectrometry logging is proposed. By employing gamma detectors to measure the gamma spectra resulting from natural radioactivity in rock layers and analyzing the variations in gamma spectra caused by different radioactive nuclides, it becomes feasible to continuously determine the uranium and thorium content of each stratum. This result can then be utilized to analyse the helium release content of rock minerals, identify primary helium−bearing rocks, and evaluate the potential helium resources within the strata. Currently, this approach is being applied to forecast helium resource distribution and conduct strategic assessments in the Gucheng, Yakela, Tuofutai, Hetianhe area, as well as across the entire Tarim Basin. In the future, it is necessary to further refine the determination of the helium generation amount in crystalline basement, absolute ages of helium−releasing minerals, and the process of helium dissipation in gas reservoirs during the use of this method.

helium  /  natural gamma−ray spectrometry logging  /  helium generation  /  helium resource assessment  /  Tarim Basin
弓明月, 何衍鑫, 张朝鲲, 王筱煜, 任嘉豪, 李宏佳, 史泽辉, 田伟. 地球物理测井在稀缺资源勘探中的应用——以氦气为例. 科技导报, 2025 , 43 (15) : 102 -109 . DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2024.05.00454
Mingyue GONG, Yanxin HE, Chaokun ZHANG, Xiaoyu WANG, Jiahao REN, Hongjia LI, Zehui SHI, Wei TIAN. Application of geophysical well logs in the exploration of scarce resources: A helium perspective[J]. Science & Technology Review, 2025 , 43 (15) : 102 -109 . DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2024.05.00454
氦(He)是一种稀有惰性不可再生气体,凭借其独特的物理−化学性质,在地质研究、工业、国防及许多尖端科学领域有着重要的用途,是一种关系到国家安全的战略性资源[17]。由于氦气在空气中含量低,分离成本高,目前从含氦天然气藏中分离提纯仍是工业制氦的唯一经济途径[6, 811]。据2024年美国地质调查局(USGS)公布数据,氦气资源在全球分布极不均匀,中国总体上氦气资源量仍较小、品位较差,远无法满足国内市场对于氦气的需求[1013],氦气市场资源短缺甚至断供的风险在短期内仍然存在[6]
据此,近年来学者们对于国内氦气资源的成藏及富集机理、资源潜力评价方法、有利富集区优选方法、全产业链一体化评价技术进行了大量的探索[14, 10, 1218]。目前氦气资源评价方法主要有百分含量法、统计法、类比法及成因法4种类型,各方法在实际应用过程中相辅相成[10, 15]。氦气成因资源评价方法即考虑到氦气由岩石矿物中放射性元素(铀、钍等)衰变而来,基于放射性衰变机理,估算氦气的生成量及聚集成藏量,该方法常被应用于氦气资源远景区预测及战略选区评价中[10, 13, 15],是氦气资源评价的第一步。前人在应用成因法对氦气资源潜力进行评估时,常根据岩心或野外样品的测试结果[1819],其普遍依赖于实物样品。鉴于上述问题,何衍鑫等[13]提出了一种基于自然伽马能谱测井的氦气资源潜力评估方法,实现了对于一套地层开展连续整体的氦气资源潜力评价,并应用于塔里木盆地的氦气资源勘探中[13, 2023]
氦具有2种同位素(3He与4He),其中自然界中的氦以4He为主,主要为岩石中富铀、钍矿物(如锆石、独居石、磷灰石)中238U、235U、232Th通过ɑ衰变产生(图 1(a))。其中238U与235U分别占铀总量的99.275%与0.72%,232Th占钍总量的99.995%。其衰变方程为
尽管地壳中其他各种核反应也会产生ɑ粒子,(an)反应会消耗一些ɑ粒子,但其数量级皆远小于上述3个衰变方程产生的4He。因而,地质历史中一定时间内岩石中矿物的释氦原子量,可用放射性衰变定律式(1)描述:
$N_{\mathrm{t}}=N_0 \cdot \mathrm{e}^{-\lambda t}$
式中,Ntt时刻体系内的放射性核数,N0为初始状态下体系内的放射性核数,λ为放射性核素的衰变常数(a−1);t为衰变时间(a)。根据放射性衰变定律,可以建立一套放射性元素浓度的函数,描述每一种放射性核素R所产生的He如式(2):
${ }^4 \mathrm{He}\left(\operatorname{atmos} \mathrm{~g}^{-1} \cdot \mathrm{a}^{-1}\right)=X_{\mathrm{R}}[\mathrm{R}]\left(\frac{\mathrm{N}_{\mathrm{A}}}{A_{\mathrm{R}}} \times 10^{-6}\left(\mathrm{e}^{\lambda t}-1\right) \times { yield }_{\mathrm{R}}\right)$
式中,XR[R]为R同位素的相对丰度;NA为阿伏伽德罗常数,取值为6.02×1023AR为核素R的摩尔质量(g/mol);λ为核素R的衰变常数(a−1);t为衰变时间(a);yieldR为每个核素R衰变产生4He的数量。
气体摩尔体积计算公式为
$V\left(\mathrm{STP} \mathrm{~cm}^3\right)=22.4 \times 10^3 \times\left(\frac{N}{\mathrm{~N}_{\mathrm{A}}}\right)$
式中,V(STP cm3)为标准状态STP(0℃,101.33 kPa)下的气体体积(L);N为放射性核素的原子量。
考虑到标准状态下,1 mol任何理想气体所占的体积均为22.4 L,推导出岩石的生氦速率(cm3·g−1·Ma−1)函数为
$\begin{aligned}& { }^4 \mathrm{He}\left(\mathrm{STP} \mathrm{~cm}^3 \cdot \mathrm{~g}^{-1} \cdot \mathrm{Ma}^{-1}\right)= \\& 22.4 X_{\mathrm{R}}[\mathrm{R}]\left(\left(\mathrm{e}^{\lambda t}-1\right) / A_R \times { yield }_{\mathrm{R}} \times 10^3\right)\end{aligned}$
式(4)中,238U的同位素相对丰度为99.28%,235U的同位素相对丰度为0.72%,232Th的同位素相对丰度为99.995%;238U的衰变常数为1.55×10−10235U的衰变常数为9.85×10−10232Th的衰变常数为4.95×10−11238U的摩尔质量为238 g/mol,235U的摩尔质量为235 g/mol,232Th的摩尔质量为232 g/mol;每个核素238U产生的 4He数量为8个,每个核素235U产生的4He数量为7个,每个核素232Th产生的4He数量为6个。考虑到铀和钍的半衰期较长,氦气生成量主要取决于岩石中铀和钍的含量以及经历的衰变时间,不受温度的影响[13, 24]
代入式(4)中相关系数的数值,乘以岩石的衰变时间t,得到单位质量岩石的生氦体积,即生氦潜量(cm3/g):
$\begin{aligned}& { }^4 \mathrm{He}\left(\mathrm{STP} \mathrm{~cm}^3 / g\right)= \\& \left(1.21 \times 10^{-13}[U]+0.287 \times 10^{-13}[T h]\right) \times t\end{aligned}$
式中,[U]和[Th]为岩石中铀、钍含量,单位为10−6。考虑到岩石内矿物衰变释氦时间普遍较长,此处衰变时间t单位为百万年(Ma)。根据式(5)可得单位岩石体积中氦气的生成量与时间和放射性元素(U、Th)浓度的函数。
考虑到氦气由岩石矿物中放射性元素(铀、钍等)衰变而来,根据放射性核素衰变方程,可利用成因法估算氦气的生成量及聚集成藏量,其涉及的参数包括岩石分布面积、厚度、密度、放射性元素(铀、钍)含量以及岩石的绝对年龄等。计算公式为
$N_{\mathrm{He}}=A \times H \times \rho \times(1-\varPhi) \times R_{\mathrm{He}}$
式中,NHe为氦气生成总量,m3A为岩石分布面积,m2H为岩石平均厚度,m;ρ为岩石密度,kg/m3Φ为岩石孔隙度,无量纲;RHe为岩石生氦潜量,cm3/g,由式(5)计算得到。
由式(5)与式(6)可知,氦气勘探开发潜力较高的区块需具有铀、钍含量较高及体积较大的古老氦源岩。
自1927年首次被提出以来,测井方法在地球科学及工程学的多个领域得到了广泛的应用[2526],该方法具有可连续采集数据、高垂直分辨率、低成本甚至可定向的明显优势[27]。自然伽马能谱测井为9条传统测井曲线中岩性测井的一种[28],其为核探测在地球物理勘探中的应用。前人应用自然伽马能谱测井于石油勘探开发的多个领域(如黏土矿物识别、沉积环境恢复、古水深反演、储层评价、油层识别)[13, 27, 2931],其同样也可应用于氦气资源潜力的评估。地层中铀系、钍系核素衰变释氦的过程中同样会产生自然伽马射线,表现为铀、钍元素的伽马能谱(图 1(b)),利用伽马探测器测量地层自然放射性产生的伽马能谱,通过谱解析方法可获取地层中铀、钍元素的含量(图 1(c)),进而代入式(5),可对于一定区域不同岩性、层位及总体的生氦潜量进行定量评估[3233]。考虑到岩石的生氦潜量是关于放射性元素铀、钍浓度和时间的函数,因此利用自然伽马能谱测井资料进行氦气资源评价具有科学性和普遍应用意义。之后,将计算得到的区域内各井位生氦潜量代入式(6)中,可对于一定区块的氦气资源勘探前景进行初步评估,指导后期生产开发。
氦气资源潜力自然伽马能谱测井评估方法流程如图 2(据文献[13]修改),包含4个步骤:
1)测井资料的评价、核验与校正。
首先,对于相应井位采集自然伽马能谱测井资料。利用LogToTxt软件将获得的测井资料转换为Las或者Txt格式文件,对资料进行谱解析。之后,使用ResForm及LogDataHelper等软件,对测井曲线进行质量评价,分析伽马能谱数据中的异常点,剔除人为因素对于后期分析结果产生的影响。最后,根据岩心放射性室内测试结果,对铀、钍能谱测井曲线进行校正,如果校正曲线一致性(R2)较高,则证明所选取的自然伽马能谱测井数据能够准确反映岩石中的铀和钍含量,因此基于这些能谱测井数据进行的氦气资源评价具有科学性和极高的参考价值(图 3)。
2)富U−Th矿物衰变时间厘定。
本方法假设研究样品为封闭体系,其中矿物内的同位素衰变是自然进行的,不会有任何物质的丢失或增加。因而,岩石矿物中放射性同位素的衰变时间即岩石形成的绝对年龄。对于可以进行同位素测年的岩浆岩、变质岩等岩石,应首先考虑利用U−Th同位素测年法来获取绝对年龄。然而,对于占据沉积盆地大部分的无法进行精细测年的沉积岩来说,可以使用通过生物年代学或地层层序律来确定相对地层年龄。
3)氦气生产力评价。
在完成对于测井资料的核验校正并确定岩石矿物的衰变释氦时间之后,基于式(5)的生氦潜量计算公式,利用何衍鑫等[13]基于ResForm 3.5平台编辑的宏程序,在自然伽马能谱测井的U、Th含量测井曲线上获得单井的生氦潜量曲线。
4)氦气资源总量评估。
利用式(6),根据研究区块氦源岩的分布面积、岩石平均厚度、岩石密度及岩石孔隙度,确定一定区域的氦气资源总量。
氦气资源潜力自然伽马能谱测井评估方法目前被应用于塔里木盆地多个区块及全盆地的氦气资源评估中。何衍鑫等[13]利用氦气资源潜力自然伽马能谱测井评估方法对于古城区块奥陶系层位的氦气资源潜力进行了评估,分析结果表明:古城地区奥陶系层位泥岩、泥质灰岩和高铀白云岩生氦潜量较高(泥岩>泥质灰岩>高铀白云岩>白云岩>灰岩),具备成为主力氦源岩的潜力;却尔却克组岩石生氦潜量最高,吐木休克组和鹰山组下段次之,蓬莱坝组、一间房组和鹰山组上段最低;研究区奥陶系岩石的平均生氦潜量为1.7×10−10 cm3/g,氦气生成总量为13.91×109 m3,生氦潜量最高最广的区域位于古城14井区域,其次为古城12井区域,而古城6井到古城8井的狭长地带则是一个明显的低生氦潜量区域(图 4(a))。张朝鲲等[22]利用氦气资源潜力自然伽马能谱测井评估方法对于雅克拉区块古生界层位的氦气资源潜力进行了评估,评估得到雅克拉地区古生界沉积岩系平均生氦潜量为2.37×10−10 cm3/g,氦气生成总量为3.22×109 m3,生氦潜量高值区呈带状展布,分布在沙5井至沙49井的狭长地带,以沙15井和沙49井为高生氦潜量中心,向周缘区域呈辐射状递减(图 4(b))。
本文利用氦气资源潜力自然伽马能谱测井评估方法对托甫台区块和和田河区块进行了评估(图 4图 5)。结果表明,托甫台区块古生界层位泥岩、泥质灰岩和花岗岩生氦潜量较高(泥岩>泥质灰岩>花岗岩>白云岩>中性岩>灰岩>砂岩>基性岩),具备成为主力氦源岩的潜力(图 5(b));研究区奥陶系层位良里塔格组岩石生氦潜量最高,鹰山组和恰尔巴克组下段次之,一间房组、桑塔木组和蓬莱坝组最低(图 5(c));研究区古生界沉积岩系平均生氦潜量为1.14×10−10 cm3/g,氦气生成总量为1.04×109 m3,生氦潜量高值区主要位于托805井、托607井、托737井周围(图 4(c))。和田河区块石炭系层位生氦潜量最高,沉积层系平均生氦潜量为3.45×10−10 cm3/g,氦气生成总量为31.2×109 m3,生氦潜量高值区呈带状展布,分布在玛5井至玛4−B2H井的狭长地带及玛3−1H井的高生氦潜量中心周围(图 4(d))。总体上,和田河区块的氦源供给充足,其次为雅克拉区块与古城区块,托甫台区块的氦源供给较低。
此外,何衍鑫等[20]还利用氦气资源潜力自然伽马能谱测井评估方法对于塔里木盆地的氦气总生成量进行了估算,模拟得出塔里木盆地累计氦气生成量达19.18×1014 m3。其中震旦系地层因其衰变时间长、生氦潜量高而具有最大的氦气生成量,为5.8×1014 m3,占整个塔里木盆地氦气生成量的30%,寒武系、奥陶系、泥盆系、石炭系的氦气生成量次之,均在2.0×1014 m3以上。
氦气资源潜力自然伽马能谱测井评估方法的研究虽然取得了一定的进展,但仍有一些问题,需要进一步的优化,其主要集中于3个方面。
1)目前利用自然伽马能谱测井资料对一定区域基底的氦气资源潜力进行评估时,常选取结晶基底厚度进行计算,考虑到大陆地壳由硅铝质岩石组成,其中广泛分布的花岗岩中不乏富铀、钍矿物可衰变释氦,因而今后估算基底生氦潜力时,可考虑选取地壳厚度进行计算。但同时也需要注意的是,优势的输导体系、高效的输导通道及有利的载体气是氦气从源到成藏的必要条件[6, 10, 16],因而,对一定区域基底的氦气运移条件评估也是不容忽视的,其评估准确性对于基底产氦量预测的准确性影响显著。
2)氦气资源潜力自然伽马能谱测井评估方法的应用对象常为盆地内的沉积层系,此时,常常无法获得每一套层系的绝对年龄,而采用相对地层年龄,这会造成地层中矿物释氦总量的估算存在误差。考虑到天文年代学可恢复出各沉积层系的高精度地质年代[34],今后的氦气资源量预测过程可综合天文旋回分析结果开展。
3)目前的氦气资源潜力自然伽马能谱测井评估方法仅可对于一定区域的氦气生成总量进行评价,无法对于生成氦气在气藏中的富集程度进行厘定,这需要进一步对于气藏内生成氦气的逸散量进行评估。对此问题,后期可基于不同层位样品氦气含量测试结果与气体动力学扩散方程利用Tough 3等软件开展一维天然气藏中氦气富集动力学模拟,讨论氦源岩生成氦气的逸散程度。分子动力学模拟(molecular dynamics,MD)是一种模拟分子系统运动的计算方法,利用Gromacs软件开展,假设每个分子与原子为受经典力学控制的单个实体,其根据势函数描述原子间的相互作用,获得原子和分子的运动与位置信息,为多相体系下氦气的逸散过程反演及定量分析提供了一种新的可能[3536]。该方法也可应用于氦气的工业提取,特别是天然气联产提氦工艺中[10],通过模拟氦气分子在不同体系下亨利常数的变化(图 6),探讨在氦气分子完成高效富集与分离的同时,生产液化天然气及其他副产品[3738],达到降低成本、提高经济效益的目的。
自然伽马能谱测井是核探测在地球物理勘探中的应用,利用伽马探测器测量地层放射性核素产生的伽马能谱,通过谱解析方法可获取地层放射性元素含量。基于岩石的生氦潜量是一个关于放射性元素铀、钍浓度和时间的函数,可对相应层位的氦气资源潜力进行预测并建立一套氦气资源潜力自然伽马能谱测井评估方法。其具体步骤分为4步:数据评价、核验和校正,确定U、Th衰变时间,氦气生产力评价,区域氦气生成量评估。该方法被应用于塔里木盆地多区块内的生氦主力层位、生氦潜力高值区、氦气生成总量预测中。基于本套方法,本文对托甫台与和田河区块的氦气资源潜力进行了评估,是对塔里木盆地氦气资源分布的一个补充,有利于对该区域氦气勘探、开发前景的进一步认识。未来需要加强在使用该方法时对结晶基底氦气生成量、岩石矿物释放氦气的绝对年龄以及气藏中氦气逸散过程的精确厘定,优化该方法评估的科学性与准确性。
  • 国家自然科学基金联合基金项目(U20B6001)
  • 中石化集团公司科技部项目(P2057−02)
  • 中国石油—北京大学战略合作基础研究计划“塔东地区构造—火山热事件条件下油气(含氦气)成藏规律”项目
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doi: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2024.05.00454
  • 接收时间:2024-05-06
  • 首发时间:2025-12-18
  • 出版时间:2025-08-13
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  • 收稿日期:2024-05-06
  • 修回日期:2024-06-25
基金
国家自然科学基金联合基金项目(U20B6001)
中石化集团公司科技部项目(P2057−02)
中国石油—北京大学战略合作基础研究计划“塔东地区构造—火山热事件条件下油气(含氦气)成藏规律”项目
作者信息
    1. 中国石油化工股份有限公司石油勘探开发研究院,北京 100083
    2. 北京大学地球与空间科学学院,北京 100871
    3. 江西理工大学资源与环境工程学院,赣州 341000
    4. 加利福尼亚大学伯克利分校,伯克利 CA 94704

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田伟(通信作者),研究员,研究方向为岩浆岩与火山学, 电子信箱:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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