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细胞凋亡是生物体发育、组织稳态维持及免疫防御的关键机制,对维持健康至关重要。BCL-2蛋白家族通过精细调控线粒体凋亡通路,成为细胞生死决策的“开关”。在这个家族中,一个名为BAX的蛋白质扮演着至关重要的角色——堪称细胞内的“死神”。2025年6月26日,西湖大学校长、中国科学院院士施一公团队在《Science》上发表研究,解析了BAX不同类型聚合物共享的结构单元,解答了BAX究竟如何让细胞走上死亡的不归路。

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细胞凋亡是生物体发育、组织稳态维持及免疫防御的关键机制,对维持健康至关重要。BCL-2蛋白家族通过精细调控线粒体凋亡通路,成为细胞生死决策的“开关”。在这个家族中,一个名为BAX的蛋白质扮演着至关重要的角色——堪称细胞内的“死神”。2025年6月26日,西湖大学校长、中国科学院院士施一公团队在《Science》上发表研究,解析了BAX不同类型聚合物共享的结构单元,解答了BAX究竟如何让细胞走上死亡的不归路。

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(图片来源:《Science》)

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    细胞凋亡是生物体发育、组织稳态维持及免疫防御的关键机制,对维持健康至关重要。BCL-2蛋白家族通过精细调控线粒体凋亡通路,成为细胞生死决策的“开关”。在这个家族中,一个名为BAX的蛋白质扮演着至关重要的角色——堪称细胞内的“死神”。2025年6月26日,西湖大学校长、中国科学院院士施一公团队在《Science》上发表研究,解析了BAX不同类型聚合物共享的结构单元,解答了BAX究竟如何让细胞走上死亡的不归路。

    细胞凋亡是生物体发育、组织稳态维持及免疫防御的关键机制,对维持健康至关重要。BCL-2蛋白家族通过精细调控线粒体凋亡通路,成为细胞生死决策的“开关”。在这个家族中,一个名为BAX的蛋白质扮演着至关重要的角色——堪称细胞内的“死神”。2025年6月26日,西湖大学校长、中国科学院院士施一公团队在《Science》上发表研究,解析了BAX不同类型聚合物共享的结构单元,解答了BAX究竟如何让细胞走上死亡的不归路。

    . 决定细胞凋亡的蛋白结构被破解. 科技导报, 2025 , 43 (14) : 4 -9 .
    . Science & Technology Review, 2025 , 43 (14) : 4 -9 .
    BAX作为家族中的“促凋亡”成员,被激活后会在线粒体外膜“打孔”,导致膜通透性骤增。“伤口”一旦扩大,线粒体内的促凋亡因子便倾巢而出,最终致使细胞死亡。
    自2000年BAX单体结构被解析以来,学界一直认为其以二聚体执行功能。但施一公团队的研究颠覆了这一认知——研究人员在制备的冷冻样品中观察到尺寸不一的柔性BAX聚合物,酷似一串可连接的“珠子”。进一步结构解析显示,每颗“珠子”由2种构象各2个BAX原聚体组成,即4个原聚体构成一个完整的基本重复单元。单元两端各伸出一对α9螺旋,充当“卡扣”连接相邻单元,最终搭建出线状、弧状乃至首尾相接形成的环状BAX聚合物。这种柔性结构让BAX得以紧贴柔软的线粒体外膜,并动态扩大孔径。去除或“改造”α9螺旋会令BAX无法成阵或打孔,直接削弱其“死神”职能。
    该成果不仅阐明了BAX聚合物统一的组装模式,更证实了聚合过程在细胞凋亡中的关键作用。由此,科学家得以从全新角度审视细胞命运抉择的分子机制,为开发靶向调控BAX的抗癌或抗退行性疾病策略奠定基础。
    (综合《Science》、西湖大学官网、《中国科学报》)

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    2种不同金属材料的力学参数

    Family
    属数
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    种数
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    Genus
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    鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
    小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
    多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
    红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
    小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
    光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
    红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
    栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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