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尿素不仅是重要的工业原料,也是生命代谢与起源研究中的关键分子。传统尿素合成依赖于高温高压环境(约200℃、20 MPa),并伴随大量的碳排放。然而,瑞士联邦理工学院的研究人员揭示了一种出人意料的合成路径:在不添加催化剂、无需外部能量输入的条件下,尿素可在微小液滴的界面自发生成。相关研究成果于2025年6月26日发表于《Science》。

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尿素不仅是重要的工业原料,也是生命代谢与起源研究中的关键分子。传统尿素合成依赖于高温高压环境(约200℃、20 MPa),并伴随大量的碳排放。然而,瑞士联邦理工学院的研究人员揭示了一种出人意料的合成路径:在不添加催化剂、无需外部能量输入的条件下,尿素可在微小液滴的界面自发生成。相关研究成果于2025年6月26日发表于《Science》。

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(图片来源:《Science》)

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    尿素不仅是重要的工业原料,也是生命代谢与起源研究中的关键分子。传统尿素合成依赖于高温高压环境(约200℃、20 MPa),并伴随大量的碳排放。然而,瑞士联邦理工学院的研究人员揭示了一种出人意料的合成路径:在不添加催化剂、无需外部能量输入的条件下,尿素可在微小液滴的界面自发生成。相关研究成果于2025年6月26日发表于《Science》。

    尿素不仅是重要的工业原料,也是生命代谢与起源研究中的关键分子。传统尿素合成依赖于高温高压环境(约200℃、20 MPa),并伴随大量的碳排放。然而,瑞士联邦理工学院的研究人员揭示了一种出人意料的合成路径:在不添加催化剂、无需外部能量输入的条件下,尿素可在微小液滴的界面自发生成。相关研究成果于2025年6月26日发表于《Science》。

    . 水滴中氨与二氧化碳自发合成尿素. 科技导报, 2025 , 43 (14) : 10 -10 .
    . Science & Technology Review, 2025 , 43 (14) : 10 -10 .
    研究人员利用光学捕获技术,将直径约为2 µm的单个液滴悬浮于含CO2的气氛中,采用拉曼光谱对反应产物进行原位监测。结果显示,当液滴中含有氨水并暴露于CO2气体中时,30 min内即可观察到特征性的尿素拉曼信号(约1003 cm-1),浓度可达40mM。而对比试验表明,若液滴中缺少CO2或氨,或将CO2替换为氮气,则尿素无法生成。
    不同于传统的体相反应,液滴反应展现出独特的界面化学特性。研究指出,液滴表面(约1nm)存在微观pH值梯度,使得中性分子碳酸氨(NH2COOH)得以生成并进一步与未质子化的NH3反应,最终形成尿素。这一过程是通过H3O+(水合氢离子)催化,揭示了表界层中酸性条件与反应物可用性之间的微妙平衡。
    这一发现与今年5月份斯坦福大学的研究有相似之处:硝酸盐溶于水微滴并在二氧化碳作为雾化气体时,即可产生尿素,无需催化剂或外部能量。微滴气体-水界面的电场被认为是驱动反应过程的关键因素。
    后续,团队计划在不同成分与尺寸的微滴体系中验证界面梯度机制的普适性,并探索将该原理应用于室温合成其他高附加值含氮化合物。研究者还呼吁跨学科合作,以评估这种“空气化学”在工业放大和环境化学中的潜在影响。
    (综合《Nature》《科技日报》《光明日报》)

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    鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
    小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
    多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
    红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
    小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
    光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
    红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
    栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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