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2025年5月28日,极地科考破冰船“雪龙2”号抵达海南海口,结束了208 d的南极科考航程,是中国极地考察史上单船执行任务历时最长的一次。

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2025年5月28日,极地科考破冰船“雪龙2”号抵达海南海口,结束了208 d的南极科考航程,是中国极地考察史上单船执行任务历时最长的一次。

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    2025年5月28日,极地科考破冰船“雪龙2”号抵达海南海口,结束了208 d的南极科考航程,是中国极地考察史上单船执行任务历时最长的一次。

    2025年5月28日,极地科考破冰船“雪龙2”号抵达海南海口,结束了208 d的南极科考航程,是中国极地考察史上单船执行任务历时最长的一次。

    . “雪龙2”号取得多项关键科学发现. 科技导报, 2025 , 43 (12) : 3 -9 .
    . Science & Technology Review, 2025 , 43 (12) : 3 -9 .
    2025年5月28日,极地科考破冰船“雪龙2”号抵达海南海口,结束了208 d的南极科考航程,是中国极地考察史上单船执行任务历时最长的一次。
    “雪龙2”号极地科考破冰船自2024年11月1日从广州启航,航行4万余海里,首次突破夏季作业局限,延伸至南极的秋冬季,考察队足迹遍布南极半岛海域、罗斯海、宇航员海、普里兹湾、阿蒙森海,取得多项关键科学发现,为国际南极海洋生态保护与治理提供了有力支撑。
    在黑夜渐长、光照减少的情况下,海中浮游动物在哪生存、如何过冬?本次科考找到了答案——冰间湖。“冰间湖是指结冰温度下仍保持无冰或仅薄冰覆盖的冰间水域。科考团队在特拉诺瓦湾冰间湖发现150 m以浅的水层具有高铵盐、低硝酸盐特征,反映出浮游动物强烈摄食活动的信号,生物量也比较高。冰间湖对生物越冬非常重要!”厦门大学教授陈敏说。团队还在调查深层海域500~2000 m的过程中发现有浮游动物越冬类群。
    除了浮游动物,团队还在罗斯海西部海槽陆坡区发现南极磷虾群,在冰缘区集中发现了鸟类和哺乳类。什么样的海域哺乳了如此多的生物?通过对富含生物的水体结构进行考察,团队发现秋季罗斯海水体分层明显,水下150 m以内水体混合均匀,但位于混合层以下的变性绕极深层水可入侵到南纬75°区域,而冰间湖200~400 m深度范围存在明显的冰架过冷却水。过冷却水是指温度已经低于理论凝固点(通常为0℃),但由于缺乏足够的凝结核(如尘埃、杂质或冰核微生物等),水分子无法有序排列形成冰晶结构,从而暂时维持液态。过冷却水的发现,为研究南极海洋物理过程、底层水形成机制及气候变化对极地生态的影响提供了关键数据。
    南、北两极地区因长期地理隔绝等原因,保持着原始、洁净且独特的地质与生态系统。科考团队从阿蒙森海首次带回超过8 m的长重力岩芯,完整保存了数万年至百万年的地质历史信息,可用于揭示古海洋与古环境演化。团队还鉴定出新颖的微生物菌种资源,包括南极细菌新属6个、新种7个,为后续开发利用奠定了物质基础。
    (综合自然资源部官网、新华社、《光明日报》)

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    2种不同金属材料的力学参数

    Family
    属数
    Number of
    genus
    种数
    Number of
    species
    占总种数比例
    Percentage of
    total species (%)

    Genus
    种数
    Number of
    species
    占总种数比例
    Percentage of total
    species (%)
    鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
    小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
    多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
    红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
    小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
    光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
    红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
    栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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