Article(id=1207358806690997207, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, issueId=1207293801786347529, articleNumber=null, orderNo=25, doi=10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2025.02.00193, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1739289600000, receivedDateStr=2025-02-12, revisedDate=1745337600000, revisedDateStr=2025-04-23, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1765786371156, onlineDateStr=2025-12-15, pubDate=1749744000000, pubDateStr=2025-06-13, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1750867200000, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-06-26, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1765786371156, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774079718047, updator=sys-migrate, issue=Issue{id=1207293801786347529, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, year='2025', volume='43', issue='11', pageStart='1', pageEnd='116', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1749744000000', pubDateStr='2025-06-13', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1765770872748, creator='system', updateTime=1774330933326, updator='13041195026', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1243197298025545972, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, issueId=1207293801786347529, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1243197298025545973, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, issueId=1207293801786347529, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=107, endPage=113, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1207358807458554876, articleId=1207358806690997207, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, language=EN, title=Countermeasures and suggestions for the development of key and emerging technology standards in China, columnId=1150494643415773491, journalTitle=Science & Technology Review, columnName=Policy Forum, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This study sorted out the implementation intelligence information related to the "National Standard Strategy for Critical and Emerging Technologies of the U.S. Government" released by the United States from May 2023 to February 2025, and summarized the implementation experience of this strategy from six aspects: extensive solicitation of opinions, establishment of professional organizations, adjustment of the technology list, cross-departmental collaboration, striving for international recognition, and introduction of supporting bills. Based on this, countermeasures and suggestions for promoting the development of key and emerging technology standards in China have been put forward from aspects such as improving the key and emerging technology system, perfecting the international standardization development strategy, widely soliciting opinions from stakeholders, establishing a multi-dimensional and cross-subject collaborative model, and strengthening the connection and coordination with existing policies.

, authors=null, authorsList=Hongjun SUN, Yang DU, Juxiu HUANG, Zongzhen JIN, Xize LIU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yang DU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=All rights reserved. Unauthorized reproduction is prohibited., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1207358809144664148, articleId=1207358806690997207, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, language=CN, title=应重视中国关键和新兴技术标准的发展, columnId=1150494643549991220, journalTitle=科技导报, columnName=政策建议, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

美国政府高度关注关键和新兴技术标准对全球经济、国家安全以及科技竞争力的巨大价值。梳理了美国2023年5月—2025年2月发布的与《美国政府关键和新兴技术国家标准战略》(简称“美国CET标准战略”)相关实施情报信息,分析了该战略发布背景和主要目标,从广泛征求意见、成立专业组织、调整技术清单、跨部门协同、争取国际认同以及出台配套法案等6个方面总结了该战略的实施经验,厘清了该战略后续实施的短期和长期行动,据此从优化关键和新兴技术体系、谋划国际标准化发展战略、广泛征求利益相关方意见、促进政府与市场协调、跨部门协同推进等方面提出了促进中国关键和新兴技术标准发展的对策建议。

, authors=

孙红军,副研究员,研究方向为关键和新兴技术标准战略、战略情报,电子信箱:

, authorsList=孙红军, 杜洋, 黄菊秀, 靳宗振, 刘曦泽, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=杜洋, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
杜洋(通信作者),馆员,研究方向为新兴技术标准化战略分析、标准化政策,电子信箱:
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孙红军,副研究员,研究方向为关键和新兴技术标准战略、战略情报,电子信箱:

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孙红军,副研究员,研究方向为关键和新兴技术标准战略、战略情报,电子信箱:

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(2024-12-23) [2025-02-11]. https://www.nist.gov/blogs/taking-measure/look-back-past-3-years-accomplish-ments-nist-director-laurie-e-locascio., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242143645483217244, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1207358806690997207, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=7, rfOrder=6, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Rich Press. NIst seeks input on implementation of national standards strategy for critical and emerging technology[EB/OL]. (2023-09-07) [2025-02-11]. https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2023/09/nist-seeks-input-imple-mentation-national-standards-strat-egy-critical-and-shared-in-terests-instandards-wsw-conference., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242143645546131805, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1207358806690997207, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=8, rfOrder=7, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ANSI seeks comments for coordinated response on implementation of the U S Government national standards strategy for critical and emerging technology[EB/OL]. (2023-09-07) [2025-02-11]. https://www.ansi.org/standards-news/all-news/2023/09/9-7-23-ansi-seeks-comments-for-coordinated-response-on-implementation-of-the-usg-nss., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242143645621629279, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1207358806690997207, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=9, rfOrder=8, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Synergies and shared interests in standards: WSW conference brings broader community together to address crosscutting challenges[EB/OL]. (2023-09-25) [2025-02-11]. https://www.ansi.org/standards-news/all-news/2023/09/9-25-23-synergies-and-shared-interests-in-standards-wsw-conference., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242143645701321056, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1207358806690997207, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=10, rfOrder=9, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ANSI and NIST to co-host november 16 listening session on implementation of the national standards strategy for critical and emerging technology[EB/OL]. (2023-10-26) [2025-02-11]. https://www.ansi.org/standards-news/all-news/2023/10/10-26-23-ansi-and-nist-to-co-host-november-16-listening-session-on-imple-mentation-of-the-nsscet., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242143645760041313, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1207358806690997207, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=11, rfOrder=10, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Outcomes from the december 6 listening session on building a standards workforce and the U. S. government national standards strategy for critical and emerging technology [EB/OL]. (2023-12-14) [2025-02-11]. https://www.ansi.org/standardsnews/all-news/2023/12/12-14-23-outcomes-from-dec-6-listening-session-on-standards-workforce-and-usg-nsscet., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242143645827150178, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1207358806690997207, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=12, rfOrder=11, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ANSI submits coordinated response on behalf of private-sector standardization community to NIST RFI[EB/OL]. (2023-12-20) [2025-02-11]. https://www.ansi.org/standards-news/all-news/2023/12/12-20-23-ansi-submits-coordinated-response-to-nistrfi., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242143645923619171, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1207358806690997207, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=13, rfOrder=12, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Registration open: July 30 ANSI brainstorming session on enabling automated and connected infrastructure through public-private partnerships[EB/OL]. (2024-06-17) [2025-02-11]. https://www.ansi.org/standards-news/all-news/2024/06/6-17-24-july-30-enabling-automated-and-connected-infrastructure-throughppp., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242143645990728036, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1207358806690997207, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=14, rfOrder=13, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Implementation of the USG national standards strategy for CET RFI-extension notice (FR Doc. 2023-24444) [EB/OL]. (2023-11-07)[2023-12-22]. https://www.regulations.gov/document/NIST-2023-0005-0034., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242143646066225510, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1207358806690997207, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=15, rfOrder=14, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=American National Standards Institute (ANSI). U S launches international AI safety network with global partners[EB/OL]. (2024-11-25) [2025-02-11]. https://www.ansi.org/standards-news/all-news/2024/11/11-25-24-us-launches-international-ai-safety-network-with-global-partners., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242143646129140071, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1207358806690997207, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=16, rfOrder=15, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=American National Standards Institute (ANSI). NIST forms carbon dioxide removal consortium to support standards development; Now accepting letters of interest to participate [EB/OL]. (2024-08-14)[2025-02-11]. https://www.ansi.org/standards-news/all-news/2024/08/8-14-24-nist-forms-carbon-dioxide-removal-consortium-to-support-standards-development., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242143646200443241, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1207358806690997207, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=17, rfOrder=16, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). NIST awards $15 million to ASTM international to establish standardization center of excellence[EB/OL]. (2024-10-15) [2025-02-11]. https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2024/10/nist-awards-15-million-astm-international-establish-standardization-center., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242143646271746410, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1207358806690997207, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=18, rfOrder=17, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=American National Standards Institute (ANSI). Supporting sustainable raw materials: Join U. S. tag for new international project committee[EB/OL]. (2024-08-19) [2025-02-11]. https://www.ansi.org/standards-news/all-news/2024/08/8-19-24-sup-porting-sustainable-raw-materials-join-us-tag-for-new-international-project-committee., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242143646334660971, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1207358806690997207, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=19, rfOrder=18, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Report on NIST leadership for the implementation of the U S standards strategy for critical and emerging technology[EB/OL]. (2024-04-09) [2025-02-11]. https://www.nist.gov/system/files/documents/2024/04/09/VCAT%20Subcommittee%20on%20International%20Standards%20Report%202024_FINAL_1.=., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242143646401769836, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1207358806690997207, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=20, rfOrder=19, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=The White House. White House Office of science and technology policy releases updated critical and emerging technologies list[EB/OL]. (2023-12-20) [2025-02-11]. https://bidenwhitehouse.archives.gov/ostp/news-updates/2024/02/12/white-house-office-of-science-and-technology-policy-releases-updated-critical-and-emerging-technologieslist., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242143647882359150, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1207358806690997207, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=21, rfOrder=20, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=National Science and Technology Council. Critical and emerging technologies list update: A report by the fast track action subcommittee on critical and emerging technologies [EB/OL]. (2022-02-07) [2025-02-11]. https://13115299.s21i.faiusr.com/61/1/ABUIABA9GAAgg7blkQYot5ic7Qc., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242143647957856624, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1207358806690997207, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=22, rfOrder=21, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=U S Government. National strategy for critical and emerging technologies[EB/OL]. (2020-10-05) [2025-02-11]. https://www.hsdl.org/view/digital-library/845571., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242143648050131314, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1207358806690997207, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=23, rfOrder=22, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=National Security Agency (NSA) & Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA). Recommendations for increasing U S participation & leadership[EB/OL]. (2024-07-30) [2025-02-11]. https://media.defense.gov/2024/Jul/30/2003514270/-1/-1/0/ESF_ISG_PAPER., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242143648125628790, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1207358806690997207, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=24, rfOrder=23, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=American National Standards Institute (ANSI). Ever forward: ANSI publishes 2023-2024 annual report [EB/OL]. (2024-11-13) [2025-02-11]. https://www.ansi.org/standardsnews/all-news/2024/11/11-13-24-ansi-publishes-2023-2024-annual-report., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242143648201126264, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1207358806690997207, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=25, rfOrder=24, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). U S Government national standards strategy for critical and emerging technology [EB/OL]. (2024-07-30) [2025-02-11]. https://www.nist.gov/standards-gov/usg-nss., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242143648264040825, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1207358806690997207, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=26, rfOrder=25, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=American National Standards Institute (ANSI) & National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). ANSI and NIST extend memorandum of understanding to support continued collaboration in standardization[EB/OL]. (2024-11-05) [2025-02-11]. https://www.ansi.org/standards-news/all-news/2024/11/11-5-24-ansi-and-nist-extend-memorandum-of-understanding., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242143648335343994, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1207358806690997207, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=27, rfOrder=26, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Now available: U S -German standards panel summary report[EB/OL]. (2023-07-12) [2025-02-11]. https://www.ansi.org/standards-news/all-news/2023/07/7-12-23-now-available-us-german-standards-panel-summary-report., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242143648415035773, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1207358806690997207, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=28, rfOrder=27, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Calling small- and medium-sized business stakeholders: Attend the U S -UK SME dialogue on April 16[EB/OL]. (2024-03-05) [2025-02-11]. https://www.ansi.org/standards-news/all-news/2024/03/3-5-24-calling-small-and-medium-sized-business-stakeholders-attend-the-us-uk-sme-dialogue., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242143648498921855, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1207358806690997207, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=29, rfOrder=28, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=The White House. United StatesJapan joint leaders' statement[EB/OL]. (2024-03-05)[2025-02-11]. https://bidenwhitehouse.archives.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2024/04/10/united-states-japan-joint-leaders-statement., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242143648578613634, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1207358806690997207, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=30, rfOrder=29, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=The White House. French-American roadmap[EB/OL]. (2024-06-08) [2025-02-11]. https://static.poder360.com.br/2024/06/franca-eua-nota-conjunta., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242143648641528196, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1207358806690997207, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=31, rfOrder=30, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Registration Open: July 17 ANSI brainstorming session on enabling artificial intelligence and machine learning through public-private partnerships[EB/OL]. (2024-06-10)[2025-02-11]. https://www.ansi.org/standards-news/all-news/2024/06/6-10-24-enabling-artificial-intelligence-and-machine-learning-through-public-private-partnerships., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242143648708637063, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1207358806690997207, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=32, rfOrder=31, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=2024 U S -Korea standards forum in Washington, D C Highlights cooperation on CETs[EB/OL]. (2024-07-18)[2025-02-11]. https://www.ansi.org/standards-news/all-news/2024/07/7-18-24-2024-us-korea-standards-forum-highlights-cooperation-on-cets., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242143648775745928, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1207358806690997207, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=33, rfOrder=32, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=The White House. Joint fact sheet: Second U S -singapore critical and emerging technology dialogue[EB/OL]. (2024-08-01) [2025-02-11]. https://bidenwhitehouse.archives.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2024/08/01/joint-fact-sheet-second-u-s-singapore-critical-and-emerging-technology-dialogue., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242143648851243401, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1207358806690997207, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=34, rfOrder=33, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=American National Standards Institute (ANSI). Advancing AI standards collaboration: ISO, IEC, and ITU announce 2025 international AI standards summit[EB/OL]. (2024-10-15) [2025-02-11]. https://www.ansi.org/standards-news/all-news/2024/10/10-15-24-advancing-ai-standards-collaboration-iso-iec-and-itu-announce-ai-standards-summit., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242143648922546570, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1207358806690997207, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=35, rfOrder=34, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=美洲标准化(上海)研究中心. 美国众议员提出设立基金会支持NIST工作[EB/OL]. (2024-07-03) [2025-02-11]. http://shtbt-sps.scjgj.sh.gov.cn/art/2024/7/3/art_30558_1376516.html., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242143650839343499, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1207358806690997207, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=36, rfOrder=35, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=美洲标准化(上海)研究中心. 美参议员提出《人工智能和关键技术劳动力法案》 [EB/OL]. (2024-02-19) [2025-02-11]. http://shtbt-sps.scjgj.sh.gov.cn/art/2024/2/19/art_30558_1375324.html., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242143652324127117, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1207358806690997207, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=37, rfOrder=36, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=美国会议员《 2024年人工智能创新未来法案》 [EB/OL]. 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应重视中国关键和新兴技术标准的发展
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孙红军 1 , 杜洋 1, * , 黄菊秀 2 , 靳宗振 3 , 刘曦泽 4
科技导报 | 政策建议 2025,43(11): 107-113
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科技导报 |政策建议 2025 , 43 (11) : 107 -113
应重视中国关键和新兴技术标准的发展
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孙红军1 , 杜洋1, * , 黄菊秀2, 靳宗振3, 刘曦泽4
作者信息
  • 1. 中国标准化研究院国家标准馆, 北京 100191
  • 2. 标新科技(北京)有限公司, 北京 100191
  • 3. 中国标准化研究院服务标准化研究所, 北京 100191
  • 4. 中国标准化研究院标准信息研究所, 北京 100191
通讯作者:
杜洋(通信作者),馆员,研究方向为新兴技术标准化战略分析、标准化政策,电子信箱:
Countermeasures and suggestions for the development of key and emerging technology standards in China
Hongjun SUN1 , Yang DU1, * , Juxiu HUANG2, Zongzhen JIN3, Xize LIU4
Affiliations
  • 1. China National Institute of Standardization, National Library of Standards, Beijing 100191, China
  • 2. Biaoxin Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing 100191, China
  • 3. China National Institute of Standardization, Institute of Service Standardization, Beijing 100191, China
  • 4. China National Institute of Standardization, Institute of Standard Information, Beijing 100191, China
出版时间: 2025-06-13 doi: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2025.02.00193
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美国政府高度关注关键和新兴技术标准对全球经济、国家安全以及科技竞争力的巨大价值。梳理了美国2023年5月—2025年2月发布的与《美国政府关键和新兴技术国家标准战略》(简称“美国CET标准战略”)相关实施情报信息,分析了该战略发布背景和主要目标,从广泛征求意见、成立专业组织、调整技术清单、跨部门协同、争取国际认同以及出台配套法案等6个方面总结了该战略的实施经验,厘清了该战略后续实施的短期和长期行动,据此从优化关键和新兴技术体系、谋划国际标准化发展战略、广泛征求利益相关方意见、促进政府与市场协调、跨部门协同推进等方面提出了促进中国关键和新兴技术标准发展的对策建议。

美国政府  /  关键和新兴技术  /  标准化  /  对策建议

This study sorted out the implementation intelligence information related to the "National Standard Strategy for Critical and Emerging Technologies of the U.S. Government" released by the United States from May 2023 to February 2025, and summarized the implementation experience of this strategy from six aspects: extensive solicitation of opinions, establishment of professional organizations, adjustment of the technology list, cross-departmental collaboration, striving for international recognition, and introduction of supporting bills. Based on this, countermeasures and suggestions for promoting the development of key and emerging technology standards in China have been put forward from aspects such as improving the key and emerging technology system, perfecting the international standardization development strategy, widely soliciting opinions from stakeholders, establishing a multi-dimensional and cross-subject collaborative model, and strengthening the connection and coordination with existing policies.

the US government  /  critical and emerging technologies  /  standardization  /  countermeasures and suggestionss
孙红军, 杜洋, 黄菊秀, 靳宗振, 刘曦泽. 应重视中国关键和新兴技术标准的发展. 科技导报, 2025 , 43 (11) : 107 -113 . DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2025.02.00193
Hongjun SUN, Yang DU, Juxiu HUANG, Zongzhen JIN, Xize LIU. Countermeasures and suggestions for the development of key and emerging technology standards in China[J]. Science & Technology Review, 2025 , 43 (11) : 107 -113 . DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2025.02.00193
在新技术革命深入推进与全球科技竞争白热化的双重驱动下,标准作为引导新技术大规模实施与应用的关键环节,已演变为维系国家竞争优势的战略性资源。人工智能(AI)、量子计算、第六代移动通信(6G)等关键和新兴技术的集群式突破,往往伴随着新标准的提出与应用,而标准制定权直接关系到技术路线的主导权、产业生态的控制权以及价值分配的主动权。因此,关键和新兴技术标准制定已成为各国国家战略的关键组成部分。
全球格局重构,标准直接影响全球格局和国际规则建立。随着中国等新兴经济体的崛起,全球经济和政治格局正在发生重构。在全球格局重构的过程中,标准作为国际规则的核心组成部分,不仅构成美国国家经济繁荣的基础,而且维持美国关键和新兴技术的领导地位[12]
美国在标准化领域依然面临多方面挑战。目前,美国在标准化发展过程中仍然存在一系列问题,关键和新兴技术的多样化和复杂化要求更高水平的跨学科、跨主体标准化交流和合作,而传统的标准化合作机制(如私营部门不愿参与关键和新兴技术标准研制)已难以满足关键和新兴技术标准化需求[3]。同时,美国缺乏关键和新兴技术领域标准化人才,未能与经济发展和科技创新实现同步增长,极大限制了美国在国际标准制定方面的领导力和影响力。
鉴于上述背景,2023年5月4日,美国政府发布了《美国政府关键和新兴技术国家标准战略》,旨在保障美国在国际标准制定方面的领导地位和竞争力[4]。2024年7月26日,美国发布了《美国CET标准战略实施路线图》,明确了美国政府应采取哪些行动来实现关键和新兴技术标准战略的目标[5]。美国CET标准战略主要目标包括:加强对关键和新兴技术研发的支持,增加对预标准化研究的投资;强化政府与私营部门及学术界合作,维持私营部门主导的标准体系;加强标准化专业人才培养,为国家标准化工作提供人才支持;深化与盟友和合作伙伴的标准合作,促进国际标准体系的完整性和包容性。
本文梳理了美国2023年5月— 2025年2月期间发布的相关实施情报信息,总结了该战略实施经验,据此探讨中国关键和新兴技术标准发展的对策建议。
美国通过信息公开与多方征询,确保标准化工作中利益平衡,并为战略实施提供明确指导[613]。具体来说,美国国家标准与技术研究院(NIST)联合美国国家标准学会(ANSI)等部门举办120余场重要会议,包括信息公开征询会、听证会、交通、AI、自动化等关键领域头脑风暴会议,以及商务圆桌会议、实施路线图意见征求和发布会、CET标准峰会等。这些活动主要目标在于吸纳公众和利益方建议,以促进国际标准联合制定、消除参与障碍、增强对外开放。基于这些意见,NIST发布了《美国CET标准战略实施路线图》。其中,2023年9月,NIST发布《信息征询书》(RFI),围绕投资、参与、劳动力以及标准体系完整性与包容性等4大领域征求建议,共收到105份回应、568条具体建议[14]
美国通过成立专业组织机构,加快制定关键和新兴技术领域标准,巩固其在全球标准化领域的领导地位[1519]。例如,NIST拟建立二氧化碳移除联盟,汇聚科研机构、私营企业和政府部门力量,解决技术测量标准问题,提升减排效能的可比性与可追溯性[16]。NIST资助各机构建立标准化卓越中心,专注于预标准化参与、专业人才建设、协作试点计划、信息和数据共享中心建设等4大主要领域,直接支持对关键和新兴技术领域的国际标准化工作[17]。组建了可持续原材料国际标准项目技术咨询小组,推动关键矿物与材料标准的全球合作,确保美国意见在国际标准化中充分体现[18]
此外,NIST在高级技术访问委员会(VCAT)下成立专门小组委员会,通过利益相关方互动,提出37条建议,明确如何更好地支持私营部门主导的标准体系,保障美国CET标准战略行动的针对性与科学性[19]
美国持续动态调整关键和新兴技术清单,以推动前沿技术创新并应对全球竞争。自2020年起,美国每2年发布1次清单,截至目前已发布3版(即2020版、2022版、2024版)[2022]。通过将2022版和2024版关键和新兴技术清单对比可知,美国在多个技术领域的优先支持方向发生了显著变化。
一是先进计算领域融入AI。除保留超级计算、边缘计算和云计算外,新增AI应用、高性能数据存储和空间计算,体现对智能技术融合与应用的重视。
二是AI领域纳入大模型。新增生成式AI、大型语言模型和合成数据方法,更强调AI系统的安全性、可信性和伦理应用。
三是传感器技术的跨领域应用。2024版清单将传感技术扩展到健康、能源和建筑等新领域,体现跨领域的集成创新与应用。
四是清洁能源技术更聚焦前沿。新增碳管理技术和核聚变能,表明美国加强应对气候变化和能源转型布局。
五是量子技术战略地位提升。除量子计算与传感外,增加量子通信和网络技术,凸显其在国家安全和全球竞争力中的重要性。
跨部门协作对美国CET标准战略实施至关重要,确保了政府不同部门间、政府与私营部门间形成了一个多方参与、协调一致的工作机制,从而全面推动了关键和新兴技术标准化工作[2325]
一方面,在政府不同部门协作中,NIST扮演了关键角色,作为战略的主要执行者与国防部、能源部等政府部门紧密合作,推动增材制造技术标准化,并制定相关技术路线图。
另一方面,NIST与ANSI开展公私合作,共同制定增材制造、量子技术标准,促进技术与标准的有效衔接。2024年11月,NIST与ANSI延长合作谅解备忘录至2026年,强化私营与公共部门在自愿性标准与合格评定领域的协调,支持战略的顺利实施[26]
在全球标准化领域,强化国际交流已成为美国实施CET标准战略的核心策略之一。美国大力推动关键和新兴技术领域的国际交流与合作,以提高全球影响力及主导国际标准的制定能力[2734]。具体而言,美国通过与国际标准化组织(ISO)、国际电信联盟(ITU)合作,推进频谱等领域标准化进程。2023年7月,NIST与德国标准化学会(DIN)召开双边会议,在数字化、AI、气候变化等领域达成标准合作共识。同时,美国与亚洲国家互动频繁,尤其与新加坡合作密切。2024年8月,双方在生成式AI、生物技术等领域形成了明确合作框架[33]。此外,2024年10月,ANSI主办国际人工智能标准峰会,聚焦AI安全、透明性、互操作性,已成为推动全球AI标准化的重要平台[34]
美国为CET标准战略出台了一系列配套法案与政策,提供法律与政策保障[3538]。以AI为例,2024年2月的《人工智能和关键技术劳动力法案》,通过专业强化人才建设,增强美国在AI等领域的竞争力[36]。2024年4月出台的《人工智能创新未来法案》,旨在加强公私合作,为NIST在关键技术标准制定提供更多联邦支持,保障美国未来数十年的领先地位[37]。2024年5月,美国参议院提出《人工智能框架》,进一步明确了政府角色,提出长远规划,提升美国在全球AI治理中的话语权[38]
1)聚焦国家战略需求和产业发展前沿,体系化梳理编制关键和新兴技术清单,实施动态清单管理和敏捷更新机制。
新兴和关键技术领域广泛且变化迅速,没有清晰的重点和方向,标准化工作容易出现“撒胡椒面”或“刻舟求剑”的现象,导致资源浪费和时机错失。与美国CET标准战略及实施行动相比,中国在《国家标准化发展纲要》和《贯彻实施〈国家标准化发展纲要〉行动计划(2024—2025年)》中选定的关键和新兴技术宽泛且尚未形成持续优化和调整技术的工作机制。
鉴于此,建议进一步健全和细化亟需标准化的关键和新兴技术体系,建议由科技、工信、市场监管等相关部门牵头,联合科研机构、行业协会、领军企业组成的专家委员会,定期(如每年或每2年)评估和发布《关键和新兴技术领域标准化重点方向清单》。针对清单中的每一项技术,明确标准研制重点、路径和时间表,建立该技术领域的“标准图谱”或“技术知识库”,组织编制相关指导性国家标准。当出现重大技术突破、新兴应用场景或国际标准格局变化时,能够触发清单和指导文件的即时评估与调整。
2)立足主动竞争新阶段,谋划国际标准化战略顶层设计,构建支撑中国方案引领国际标准的技术与生态体系。
标准是全球经贸和技术竞争的制高点,以美国为例,美国国家标准战略每5年更新一次,通过已经发布的5个版本标准战略与美国CET标准战略及实施路线明确了自身标准国际化发展战略和实现路径。
当前,中国标准化“走出去”工作已由被动参与阶段转向主动竞争阶段,而与此阶段相适应的系统化、前瞻性、可行性的国际标准化战略布局尚未完全成型。同时,准确预判未来5~10年关键和新兴技术标准发展方向并进行提前系统谋划布局的能力仍有待提升。
鉴于此,建议中国在全面评估国内外标准化发展新形势和新挑战的基础上,明确中国关键和新兴技术标准国际化发展战略的总体目标、阶段性目标以及实施路线。加强与国际标准组织的战略对接,提高国家标准与国际标准的接轨程度;尝试与其他国家建立多种形式的标准化合作渠道,如产业标准联盟、行业标准协会、领域标准论坛等,以促进标准信息共享、技术交流和标准项目合作,推动中外标准体系兼容,提高中国在国际标准化领域的整体实力。
3)锚定标准制定的广泛代表性,拓展利益相关方的参与广度与深度,构建多元主体参与、过程信息公开、标准权责清晰的运行框架。
新修订的《中华人民共和国标准化法》明确鼓励企业、社会团体、科研机构等参与标准化工作,强调要深入调查论证,广泛征求意见,以保证标准的科学性、规范性、时效性。但在实际操作中,中小微企业、消费者等弱势相关方可能因资源、信息、专业能力有限,难以真正有效参与到标准制定中,导致参与形式化,标准仍可能由大企业或少数强势方主导。
参考美国CET标准战略制定和实施过程中均通过各种形式的利益相关者互动活动,广泛寻求利益相关方的反馈意见的做法,中国仍需在保障参与的实质性与均衡性、提升决策过程的透明度,以及建立更敏捷和精准的边界界定与动态调整机制等方面持续深化改革和创新。在明确利益相关方的基础上,可以组织面对面的会议或研讨会,利用在线平台或社交媒体进行问卷调查或意见征集,设立专门的热线电话或邮箱收集问题和建议等,沟通过程要确保信息表达准确透明,根据反馈对标准进行必要的调整和优化,以确保其更加符合各方的期望和需求。
4)厘清政府市场在关键和新兴技术领域标准化职责定位,创新“放活赋能”体制机制,强化“审慎有效监管”能力建设。
关键和新兴技术具有高度不确定性、快速迭代性和潜在的颠覆性,如果政府角色过于强势,事无巨细地主导所有标准制定,容易扼杀市场创新活力,导致标准滞后于技术发展;反之,如果政府完全放任,可能导致市场失灵,出现标准缺失、恶性竞争、安全风险无人兜底等问题。美国政府各部门联合推进CET标准战略的实施,积极参与私营部门主导的标准体系建设,加强标准化领域的国际交流合作,形成集“跨部门合作、政府与市场合作、国内与国外合作”为一体的多维跨主体协同模式。
为此,建议政府聚焦基础通用、安全底线、伦理规范等公益类标准制定,市场聚焦技术应用、产品迭代和创新型等标准研制;大力培育优质团体标准和企业标准“领跑者”,简化制定流程,鼓励快速迭代和先行先试,支持其参与国际竞争;对关键和新兴技术领域标准实施分类、敏捷、包容审慎监管,并畅通标准实施反馈与快速修订通道。
5)构建更加紧密、高效的部门间协作机制,确保标准化战略或政策制定和执行过程中的部门间协同性和政策间协调性。
美国政府各部门联合推进CET标准战略的实施,且战略实施过程中充分考虑了与已有政策的对接协调。例如,美国CET标准战略直接为实施《芯片与科学法案》提供标准人才,美国国家科学基金会通过《芯片与科学法案》为关键和新兴技术相关标准制定提供信息支撑。
鉴于此,建议强化中国政府各部门间标准化合作,建立更加顺畅的沟通和合作渠道。同时建议中国不同政府部门要关注针对促进不同创新主体标准化发展战略或政策间的协调性问题,增强面向不同创新主体标准化政策之间的互动性和关联性,避免因政策导致不同创新主体标准化工作盲目竞争或冲突,更好发挥政策对标准化工作的引导和协调作用。
  • 中国标准化研究院基本科研业务费项目(292024Y-11794)
  • 国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFF0608000)
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2025年第43卷第11期
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doi: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2025.02.00193
  • 接收时间:2025-02-12
  • 首发时间:2025-12-15
  • 出版时间:2025-06-13
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  • 收稿日期:2025-02-12
  • 修回日期:2025-04-23
基金
中国标准化研究院基本科研业务费项目(292024Y-11794)
国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFF0608000)
作者信息
    1. 中国标准化研究院国家标准馆, 北京 100191
    2. 标新科技(北京)有限公司, 北京 100191
    3. 中国标准化研究院服务标准化研究所, 北京 100191
    4. 中国标准化研究院标准信息研究所, 北京 100191

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杜洋(通信作者),馆员,研究方向为新兴技术标准化战略分析、标准化政策,电子信箱:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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