Article(id=1146098720728252651, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, issueId=1146500022830469878, articleNumber=null, orderNo=25, doi=10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2024.04.00322, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1713628800000, receivedDateStr=2024-04-21, revisedDate=1735401600000, revisedDateStr=2024-12-29, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1751180828505, onlineDateStr=2025-06-29, pubDate=1743091200000, pubDateStr=2025-03-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1744992000000, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-04-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=1751180828505, onlineFirstDateStr=2025-06-29, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1751180828505, creator=18627231156, updateTime=1774079557560, updator=sys-migrate, issue=Issue{id=1146500022830469878, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, year='2025', volume='43', issue='6', pageStart='1', pageEnd='100', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1743091200000', pubDateStr='2025-03-28', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1751276506383, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1774330962150, updator='13041195026', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1243197418926355120, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, issueId=1146500022830469878, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1243197418926355121, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, issueId=1146500022830469878, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=92, endPage=96, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1146098722712158472, articleId=1146098720728252651, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, language=EN, title=Multi stakeholder collaborative governance of green buildings under the "dual carbon" goal, columnId=1150494643415773491, journalTitle=Science & Technology Review, columnName=Policy Forum, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Based on the requirements of the "dual carbon" goal for urban and rural construction and low carbon transformation in the construction industry, problems of multi-stakeholder collaborative governance in green buildings were analyzed, and policy objectives for multi-stakeholder synergistic governance over green buildings were proposed in terms of participation capacity, collaborative effort, and governance mechanism. Starting from the realistic dilemma faced by the multi-stakeholder synergistic governance over green buildings, the policy and advanced experience of green building development in foreign countries were compared and analyzed and insights were gained. policy suggestions of multi-stakeholder synergistic governance over green buildings under the "dual carbon" goal were put forward: enhancing multiple stakeholders' synergistic ability, safeguarding multiple stakeholders' synergistic interests, realizing multiple stakeholders' synergistic digital governance, and building a multiple stakeholders' synergistic industrial ecosystem, which will provide theoretical support and experience reference to accelerate the low-carbon transformation of the construction industry and realize China's "dual-carbon" goal.

, authors=null, authorsList=Bo WANG, Jiaren CHEN, Haolan TANG, Fangwei LIAO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=All rights reserved. Unauthorized reproduction is prohibited., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1146098727955038538, articleId=1146098720728252651, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, language=CN, title=“双碳”目标下绿色建筑多元主体协同治理的现状、经验与建议, columnId=1150494643549991220, journalTitle=科技导报, columnName=政策建议, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

基于“双碳”目标对城乡建设和建筑业低碳转型的要求,分析了绿色建筑多元主体协同治理的问题,从参与能力、协同合力、治理机制等方面提出绿色建筑多元主体协同治理的政策目标。从绿色建筑多元主体协同治理面临的现实困境出发,对比分析国外主要国家绿色建筑发展的政策经验并获得启示,从提升多元主体协同能力、保障多元主体协同利益、实现多元主体协同数字治理和打造多元主体协同的产业生态4个层面提出“双碳”目标下绿色建筑多元主体协同治理的政策建议,为加快建设绿色低碳友好建成环境和实现中国“双碳”目标提供理论支撑和经验借鉴。

, authors=

王波, 教授, 研究方向为工程可持续建设、城市治理, 电子信箱:

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王波, 教授, 研究方向为工程可持续建设、城市治理, 电子信箱:

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“双碳”目标下绿色建筑多元主体协同治理的现状、经验与建议
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王波 1 , 陈家任 1 , 汤浩澜 1 , 廖方伟 2, 3
科技导报 | 政策建议 2025,43(6): 92-96
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科技导报 |政策建议 2025 , 43 (6) : 92 -96
“双碳”目标下绿色建筑多元主体协同治理的现状、经验与建议
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王波1 , 陈家任1, 汤浩澜1, 廖方伟2, 3
作者信息
  • 1. 西南科技大学土木工程与建筑学院, 绵阳 621010
  • 2. 西南科技大学经济管理学院, 绵阳 621010
  • 3. 中国科学技术大学管理学院, 合肥 230026
Multi stakeholder collaborative governance of green buildings under the "dual carbon" goal
Bo WANG1 , Jiaren CHEN1, Haolan TANG1, Fangwei LIAO2, 3
Affiliations
  • 1. School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
  • 2. School of Economics and Management, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
  • 3. School of Management, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
出版时间: 2025-03-28 doi: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2024.04.00322
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基于“双碳”目标对城乡建设和建筑业低碳转型的要求,分析了绿色建筑多元主体协同治理的问题,从参与能力、协同合力、治理机制等方面提出绿色建筑多元主体协同治理的政策目标。从绿色建筑多元主体协同治理面临的现实困境出发,对比分析国外主要国家绿色建筑发展的政策经验并获得启示,从提升多元主体协同能力、保障多元主体协同利益、实现多元主体协同数字治理和打造多元主体协同的产业生态4个层面提出“双碳”目标下绿色建筑多元主体协同治理的政策建议,为加快建设绿色低碳友好建成环境和实现中国“双碳”目标提供理论支撑和经验借鉴。

“双碳”目标  /  绿色建筑  /  多元主体  /  协同治理  /  政策

Based on the requirements of the "dual carbon" goal for urban and rural construction and low carbon transformation in the construction industry, problems of multi-stakeholder collaborative governance in green buildings were analyzed, and policy objectives for multi-stakeholder synergistic governance over green buildings were proposed in terms of participation capacity, collaborative effort, and governance mechanism. Starting from the realistic dilemma faced by the multi-stakeholder synergistic governance over green buildings, the policy and advanced experience of green building development in foreign countries were compared and analyzed and insights were gained. policy suggestions of multi-stakeholder synergistic governance over green buildings under the "dual carbon" goal were put forward: enhancing multiple stakeholders' synergistic ability, safeguarding multiple stakeholders' synergistic interests, realizing multiple stakeholders' synergistic digital governance, and building a multiple stakeholders' synergistic industrial ecosystem, which will provide theoretical support and experience reference to accelerate the low-carbon transformation of the construction industry and realize China's "dual-carbon" goal.

dual-carbontargets  /  green building  /  multiple subjects  /  synergistic governance  /  policies
王波, 陈家任, 汤浩澜, 廖方伟. “双碳”目标下绿色建筑多元主体协同治理的现状、经验与建议. 科技导报, 2025 , 43 (6) : 92 -96 . DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2024.04.00322
Bo WANG, Jiaren CHEN, Haolan TANG, Fangwei LIAO. Multi stakeholder collaborative governance of green buildings under the "dual carbon" goal[J]. Science & Technology Review, 2025 , 43 (6) : 92 -96 . DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2024.04.00322
2024年7月,中共中央、国务院印发《关于加快经济社会发展全面绿色转型的意见》,强调“提升新建建筑中星级绿色建筑比例,推动超低能耗建筑规模化发展”。发展绿色建筑已成为加快实现建筑业绿色低碳转型的关键途径。在澳大利亚,获得绿色之星认证的绿色建筑温室气体排放量比普通建筑少62%[1]。在美国,获得LEED(国际性绿色建筑认证系统)认证的绿色建筑已被证明比非绿色建筑的能耗低25%[2]。国内外实践表明,大力发展绿色建筑对中国实现“双碳”目标和降低建成环境能源消耗发挥重要作用[3]。自2007年住房和城乡建设部颁布《绿色建筑评价标准管理办法》(试行),并于2008年4月正式实施绿色建筑评价标识制度以来,截至2023年底,中国累计绿色建筑评价标识项目达到2.7万个(图 1)。
协同推进减污降碳写入国民经济和社会发展“十四五”规划。协同推进建筑业减污降碳逐渐成为优化环境治理的必然路径[4]。“十四五”时期,中国绿色建筑发展由高速增长转向高质量发展,绿色建筑市场投入更大、技术要求更高、多元主体更加广泛多样,政府、开发商、设计方、施工单位、消费者等构成了绿色建筑全寿命周期关键主体,共同处于动态的协同关系网络(图 2)。
中国地域广阔,不同区域资源禀赋、经济基础及政策措施不同,绿色建筑多元主体协同治理面临主体困境、合作困境与政策困境。
1)主体困境:多元主体参与能力偏弱。制度政策和市场机制的不断完善为多元主体参与绿色建筑产品和服务供给提供了机遇[56],但是,多元主体协同的积极性不高、动力不足等问题依然存在[78]。“十四五”期间,中国绿色建筑具备较好的发展基础,绿色建筑市场投入更大、技术要求更高、多元主体更加广泛多样,“双碳”目标对绿色建筑设计、建设、材料供应、运维提出了更高要求。
2)合作困境:协同治理合力尚未形成。绿色建筑市场化发展的实质是不同市场要素相互配置、不同市场主体相互协同的动态融合过程[910]。绿色建筑市场发展并不平衡,利益相关主体的价值取向和利益诉求不同,导致绿色建筑多元主体组织化程度不高。培育建筑业新质生产力,绿色建筑发展涉及的技术、资金、人才等要素开放程度和融合水平不高[1112],区域资源共享机制与多部门联动机制尚未形成。
3)政策困境:协同治理政策有待完善。绿色建筑领域尚缺乏国家顶层立法,配套制度、政策措施和管理规定对多元主体关系、动力机制、激励机制、监督机制等问题的描述并不具体。推动绿色建筑发展的多元化措施缺乏政策协同,建设、财政、金融、科技、环境等多部门协同治理的权责边界不清晰。
1)明确多元主体角色,促进协同治理参与能力提升。多元主体参与是协同治理的基本前提,提升参与能力、参与度和积极性对于实现绿色建筑多元主体协同治理意义重大。例如在多元主体协同治理框架中,政府治理的职能不再是控制,而逐渐演变为服务和协调[1314]。因此,明确绿色建筑多元主体角色,需要建立党组织统一领导、政府依法履责、各类组织积极协同、群众广泛参与的治理体系,促进参与能力提升。
2)深刻领会多主体协同要义,加速协同治理合力形成。主体协同旨在发掘多元主体参与绿色建筑治理的内生动力,引导参与者相互配合与良性互动[15]。政府、开发商等多元主体协同共治有利于提升绿色建筑项目推进效率,提升绿色建筑可持续运营能力。加速绿色建筑多元主体协同合力形成,有效整合多元主体力量,树立区域间资源要素整合与共享理念,提高绿色建筑多元主体组织化程度,有助于实现绿色建筑治理“1+1>2”的治理效果。
3)精准把握“双碳”制度方向,推进协同治理机制完善。治理机制对于有效协调主体关系、平衡主体利益、实现多元主体协同目标具有重要意义[16]。精准把握“双碳”制度方向,需要精细描述绿色建筑发展的多主体关系,解决绿色建筑发展的动力机制等问题,依托多元主体协同治理,汇聚各方优势形成合力,最大限度激发多元主体的积极性和创造性,保障绿色建筑多元主体治理过程协同有序。
1)英国:多领域行动计划支持绿色建筑发展。英国政府从基本法案、专门法规、技术规范3个层次制定绿色建筑相关法律法规和行动计划,出台了《气候变化法案》《建筑法规》《可持续住宅规范》等法律推动绿色建筑发展。英国政府与绿色认证机构共同推出绿色认证计划以评估建筑的节能和环保水平[17]。制定能源效率标准,对未达到等级要求的给予强制性罚款。为鼓励发展绿色建筑,制定了节能激励、碳排放约束等方面的财税政策,包括开征能源税、优惠贷款、节能补贴等[1819]。政府积极倡导金融机构将绿色建筑评价与自身所提供的金融服务挂钩,根据绿色建筑评价级别提供差异化的金融服务。
2)美国:多方面政策支持降低绿色建筑成本。美国联邦政府通过颁布抵税、研发扶持等政策加速绿色建筑发展规划落地,地方州政府着力于出台购买和使用等激励政策鼓励绿色建筑推广应用[2023]。美国采取“胡萝卜+大棒”的模式,既有强制性的能源政策法案、总统令等,也有自愿性的评价标准等;既有联邦政府的绿色建筑政策法规,也有强制性地方绿色建筑标准[21]。美国通过财政税收激励与市场激励相结合的方式对开发绿色建筑以及高效节能产品的工作进行激励,财政税收激励措施主要包括节能基金、现金补贴、税收抵免、抵押贷款、低收入家庭节能计划等;市场激励措施主要包括建立标准与认证体系、实施可再生能源配额制、提供绿色金融产品和融资担保等。
3)日本:多样化措施推动绿色建筑评价标准化。日本政府从节能建筑、低碳建筑、近零能耗建筑到最终实现零碳建筑,制定了一系列绿色建筑发展战略[23]。《2050年碳中和绿色增长战略》《能源基本计划》等将新建建筑实现零能耗作为重点任务。同时创建了一套兼具“国际化”和“本土化”的绿色建筑评价体系,包括建筑环境性能效率综合评价系统、住宅节能标识制度、长寿命优良住宅认证制度、绿色建材认定制度等[2425]。日本制定了财政补贴、税费减免、利率优惠等政策,从“节能”“低碳”“长寿住宅”和“环境共生”等多方面推行与贯彻绿色建筑理念。
1)发挥制度引导作用。发达国家大力推动本国绿色建筑制度体系建设,加快部署绿色建筑产业发展。当前,中国建筑业正由高速增长转向高质量发展阶段,绿色建筑政策体系建设需立足当前、谋划长远,结合“双碳”目标,完善顶层法律、相关标准及地方性政策和措施,确立绿色建筑发展的战略方向、技术路线和产业布局。
2)强化多元主体共治。国外的多主体协同共治理念值得借鉴。绿色建筑发展涉及建设、能源、材料、环保等多个领域,绿色建筑全生命周期包括设计、建造、运维等多个环节。“双碳”目标下,通过整合政府、企业、科研院所和社会组织等力量,构建绿色建筑协同发展的治理体系,破除绿色建筑制度与政策的“分散化”和“碎片化”,立足多元主体协同,明确职能划分,聚集共治力量。
3)鼓励技术协同创新。发达国家在节能材料、高端设备、清洁能源等领域具有较大优势。进入新发展阶段,中国需进一步强化技术创新对绿色建筑发展的支撑引领作用,加强绿色建筑先进技术协同攻关,研发和推广低碳建造、低碳建材、低碳能源等技术,培育建筑业新质生产力。
4)注重产业协作效率。国外建立有产业协同机制。提升中国绿色建筑产业协同效率,形成涵盖设计、施工、材料供应、运营维护等全产业链的绿色建筑产业集群,建立跨区域、跨部门、跨主体的产业协同发展机制,消除绿色建筑市场壁垒,促进资金、技术、政策、人力等要素高效流通。
“双碳”目标的实现,需要国家顶层精心组织谋划及各行业深度参与,因地制宜,上下联动,加强绿色建筑多元主体协同共治(图 3)。
一是强化主体协同。按照国家“双碳”目标要求,建立上下联动的政府协调机制。设立绿色建筑发展联合会议制度;建立由分管城乡建设领域的部门领导牵头,住建、科技、发改委等部门组织,行业、企业和群众广泛参与的例会制度。搭建跨区域、跨部门信息共享平台,依托人工智能、大数据技术,加强部门之间的信息融合互动。二是强化制度协同。制定《绿色建筑促进法》,从法律层面规范绿色建筑的建设、运营和管理,明确各主体的权利和义务;针对绿色建筑发展的多主体关系、动力机制、激励机制、监督机制等问题,完善相关政策并进行具体描述。三是强化措施协同。破除绿色建筑发展相关措施和管理规定的“分散化”与“碎片化”,健全多元主体协同的利益分配、组织与分工的治理措施,促进资金、技术、政策、人力等要素高效流通。
一是发挥市场配置资源的能力,汇聚绿色建筑多元主体各方优势形成合力,保障绿色建筑多元主体治理过程协同有序。二是加强资源整合和协同配合,保障多元主体共同利益。中央、地方政府和绿色建筑协会协同发力,共同营造绿色建筑产业发展的良好环境。通过颁布抵税、研发扶持等政策加速绿色建筑规划落地,地方着力于出台购买和使用等激励政策,鼓励绿色建筑推广与应用。三是加强绿色建筑投融资、利益分配等领域的司法监督、调解仲裁工作体系,保障多元主体合法利益不受侵害。四是试点建设绿色建筑信访信息系统,建立多形式、多渠道、多层次的利益表达平台,健全多元主体利益诉求机制,依法及时处理多元主体的利益诉求。
一是探索建立统一、开放、集成的数字化管理平台,为基层政府推动绿色建筑协同治理和降碳减污提供高效的管理工具。二是建立建筑业碳排放数据收集、共享和应用机制,完善建筑业碳排放和碳交易信息发布机制,提升绿色建筑数据信息的处理与分析能力,为政府决策提供科学依据。三是提高绿色创新技术的开放利用水平,设立绿色建筑专项基金,支持绿色建筑技术研发和示范项目建设。四是推动大数据、人工智能、5G等技术辅助绿色建筑先进技术攻关,研发和推广低碳能源系统、低碳建造、低碳建材等技术,培育绿色建筑新质生产力。五是以数字治理为切入口,构建绿色建筑多元主体协同治理共同体,实现跨层级、跨地域、跨部门、跨系统的数据共享与协同。
一是打造绿色建筑多元主体协同的产业链。激发绿色建筑市场多元主体活力,加快绿色开发、绿色设计、绿色材料供应、绿色建造、绿色运营及绿色消费的产业链建设,尤其是加快中、西部地区绿色建筑供应链体系建设。二是提高绿色建筑多元投资和资源配置效率。逐渐建立政府政策为引导,建设单位等企业投入为主导,社会组织积极参与的新型投入机制。三是建立政府主导的绿色建筑多元主体沟通联络机制,完善绿色建筑产品开发、设计、建造和运营管理的全生命周期市场要素体系,引导绿色建筑多元主体协同健康发展。四是推动绿色建筑金融产品的服务创新,差异化制定绿色金融政策,支持绿色信贷、绿色保险、绿色基金等金融产品保障绿色建筑产业发展。五是规范多元主体协同治理环境,通过用户反馈、平台搭建、政策机制,完善多部门联动的绿色建筑产业监管机制。
基于“双碳”目标对城乡建设的现实要求,分析了绿色建筑多元主体协同现状,提出了绿色建筑多元主体协同治理的政策目标。“双碳”目标下,实现绿色建筑多元主体协同共治,一方面需要进一步将协同治理理念与区域经济发展结合起来,另一方面,还需要营造绿色建筑发展的良好政策生态,增强政策执行力,循序渐进,提升绿色建筑多元主体协同治理效果,推动建筑产业可持续发展。
  • 国家社会科学基金一般项目(22BJY142)
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徐英启, 程钰, 王晶晶. 中国资源型城市碳排放效率时空演变与绿色技术创新影响[J]. 地理研究, 2023, 42(3): 878- 894.
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doi: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2024.04.00322
  • 接收时间:2024-04-21
  • 首发时间:2025-06-29
  • 出版时间:2025-03-28
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  • 收稿日期:2024-04-21
  • 修回日期:2024-12-29
基金
国家社会科学基金一般项目(22BJY142)
作者信息
    1. 西南科技大学土木工程与建筑学院, 绵阳 621010
    2. 西南科技大学经济管理学院, 绵阳 621010
    3. 中国科学技术大学管理学院, 合肥 230026
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2024.04.00322
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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