Article(id=1324320257871061343, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, issueId=1324320221309313194, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2026.07.00012, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1782921600000, receivedDateStr=2026-07-02, revisedDate=1786723200000, revisedDateStr=2026-08-15, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793672154157, onlineDateStr=2026-11-03, pubDate=1790524800000, pubDateStr=2026-09-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793672154157, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-03, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793672154157, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793672154157, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1324320221309313194, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, year='2026', volume='44', issue='18', pageStart='1', pageEnd='180', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1790524800000', pubDateStr='2026-09-28', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793672145439, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793673806843, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1324327189847605469, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, issueId=1324320221309313194, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1324327189847605470, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, issueId=1324320221309313194, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=118, endPage=126, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1324320258298880353, articleId=1324320257871061343, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, language=EN, title=Dual-Channel Optical Interferometer Observation network of the Chinese Meridian Project: Construction, achievements and prospects, columnId=1150494642224591153, journalTitle=Science & Technology Review, columnName=Exclusive, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To achieve high-precision, routine networked detection of neutral wind fields in the middle and upper atmosphere, relying on Phase II of the Chinese Meridian Project, we have overcome challenges including large-field-of-view, high-throughput and ultra-high-resolution optical design, decoupling of multispectral interference aliasing, large-size cavity thermal stabilization (±0.003 K precision), and real-time thermal drift calibration. A ground-based passive optical instrument, the Dual-Channel Optical Interferometer based on Asymmetric Spatial Heterodyne Spectroscopy (ASHS), has been independently developed. The world’s first running ASHS atmospheric wind field observation network has been established, enabling coordinated observations of wind fields at the mesopause and thermosphere. Cross-comparisons with independent observations such as meteor radars and lidars yield statistical correlation coefficients ranging from 0.75 to 0.95, showing good consistency in day-to-day variations and mutually validating the accuracy and reliability of neutral wind measurements. This detection network fills the gap in large-scale, long-term continuous wind-field monitoring over East Asia, effectively supporting research on middle and upper atmospheric dynamical evolution and geomagnetic storm responses. The research outcomes have realized the engineering application of ASHS wind measurement technique and established an efficient and stable ground-based optical wind-field observation system, providing a technical foundation for establishing a ground-space integrated three-dimensional wind field detection system and future space weather exploration programs.

, authors=Weijun LIU1, 2, Yajun ZHU1, 2, *, Guangyi ZHU1, Tiancai WANG1, Wei YUAN1, Jiyao XU1, 2, authorsList=Weijun LIU, Yajun ZHU, Guangyi ZHU, Tiancai WANG, Wei YUAN, Jiyao XU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yajun ZHU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=All rights reserved. Unauthorized reproduction is prohibited., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1324320265244647795, articleId=1324320257871061343, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, language=CN, title=子午工程双通道光学干涉仪观测网:建设、成果与展望, columnId=1150494642375586098, journalTitle=科技导报, columnName=特色专题, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为实现中高层大气中性风场的高精度、常态化组网探测,依托子午工程二期,突破了大视场、高通光量、超高分辨率设计难题、多光谱干涉混叠解耦技术、大尺寸腔体热稳技术(精度±0.003 K)和热漂移实时定标技术,成功自主研制了基于非对称空间外差干涉技术(asymmetric spatial heterodyne spectroscopy,ASHS)的地基被动光学设备-双通道光学干涉仪,建成了国际首个业务化运行的基于空间外差干涉技术大气风场探测网,实现中间层顶和热层风场协同观测。经与流星雷达、激光雷达等独立观测手段交叉比对,统计发现相关性达0.75~0.95,具有良好的逐日变化一致性,相互验证了中性风速测量的准确性与可靠性。该探测网填补了东亚区域大范围、长期连续风场监测空白,有效支撑中高层大气动力学演化与磁暴响应相关研究,相关研究成果实现了ASHS测风技术的工程化应用,为构建天地一体化立体风场探测体系和空间天气探测计划提供了技术基础。

, authors=刘伟军1, 2, 朱亚军1, 2, *, 朱光逸1, 王天才1, 袁韦1, 徐寄遥1, 2, authorsList=刘伟军, 朱亚军, 朱光逸, 王天才, 袁韦, 徐寄遥, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=朱亚军, authorNote=

刘伟军,副研究员,研究方向为中高层大气物理,电子信箱:

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朱亚军(通信作者),研究员,研究方向为中高层大气化学与辐射遥感探测,电子信箱:
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tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1324320257871061343, language=CN, label=图6, caption=DCOI 557.7 nm通道与流星雷达(Meteor Radar)探测风场比较, figureFileSmall=Bm0kAk0tVwm+d2QRcVWzXQ==, figureFileBig=FkCFcCl/QEU5HwFOrCl9DQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324320273360626101, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1324320257871061343, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=j8FN5v4A02SKm4DPzosKow==, figureFileBig=5SVyUy/8DGP8aB4Maa506A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324320273452900790, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1324320257871061343, language=CN, label=图7, caption=DCOI 557.7 nm通道与钠激光雷达(Na Lidar)探测风场比较, figureFileSmall=j8FN5v4A02SKm4DPzosKow==, figureFileBig=5SVyUy/8DGP8aB4Maa506A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324320273528398263, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1324320257871061343, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=l9YhLVSjzUuiwnLUQd8z/g==, figureFileBig=Kq2Mgc3ibuR4nxBzDXVOiw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324320273591312824, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1324320257871061343, language=CN, label=图8, caption=磁暴期间四子王旗站FPI和DCOI 630.0 nm通道观测热层风速时间变化序列

(a) FPI在北向(N)和南向(S)观测的经向风;(b) FPI在东向(E)和西向(W)观测的纬向风以及天顶方向(Z)观测的垂直风;

(c)和(d) 是相应的DCOI观测数据

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科技导报 |特色专题 2026 , 44 (18) : 118 -126
子午工程双通道光学干涉仪观测网:建设、成果与展望
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刘伟军1, 2 , 朱亚军1, 2, * , 朱光逸1, 王天才1, 袁韦1, 徐寄遥1, 2
作者信息
  • 1中国科学院国家空间科学中心,北京 100190
  • 2中国科学院大学,北京 101408
通讯作者:
朱亚军(通信作者),研究员,研究方向为中高层大气化学与辐射遥感探测,电子信箱:
作者简介:

刘伟军,副研究员,研究方向为中高层大气物理,电子信箱:

Dual-Channel Optical Interferometer Observation network of the Chinese Meridian Project: Construction, achievements and prospects
Weijun LIU1, 2 , Yajun ZHU1, 2, * , Guangyi ZHU1, Tiancai WANG1, Wei YUAN1, Jiyao XU1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
  • 2University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
出版时间: 2026-09-28 doi: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2026.07.00012
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为实现中高层大气中性风场的高精度、常态化组网探测,依托子午工程二期,突破了大视场、高通光量、超高分辨率设计难题、多光谱干涉混叠解耦技术、大尺寸腔体热稳技术(精度±0.003 K)和热漂移实时定标技术,成功自主研制了基于非对称空间外差干涉技术(asymmetric spatial heterodyne spectroscopy,ASHS)的地基被动光学设备-双通道光学干涉仪,建成了国际首个业务化运行的基于空间外差干涉技术大气风场探测网,实现中间层顶和热层风场协同观测。经与流星雷达、激光雷达等独立观测手段交叉比对,统计发现相关性达0.75~0.95,具有良好的逐日变化一致性,相互验证了中性风速测量的准确性与可靠性。该探测网填补了东亚区域大范围、长期连续风场监测空白,有效支撑中高层大气动力学演化与磁暴响应相关研究,相关研究成果实现了ASHS测风技术的工程化应用,为构建天地一体化立体风场探测体系和空间天气探测计划提供了技术基础。

中高层大气  /  大气风场  /  非对称空间外差干涉技术  /  双通道光学干涉仪  /  子午工程

To achieve high-precision, routine networked detection of neutral wind fields in the middle and upper atmosphere, relying on Phase II of the Chinese Meridian Project, we have overcome challenges including large-field-of-view, high-throughput and ultra-high-resolution optical design, decoupling of multispectral interference aliasing, large-size cavity thermal stabilization (±0.003 K precision), and real-time thermal drift calibration. A ground-based passive optical instrument, the Dual-Channel Optical Interferometer based on Asymmetric Spatial Heterodyne Spectroscopy (ASHS), has been independently developed. The world’s first running ASHS atmospheric wind field observation network has been established, enabling coordinated observations of wind fields at the mesopause and thermosphere. Cross-comparisons with independent observations such as meteor radars and lidars yield statistical correlation coefficients ranging from 0.75 to 0.95, showing good consistency in day-to-day variations and mutually validating the accuracy and reliability of neutral wind measurements. This detection network fills the gap in large-scale, long-term continuous wind-field monitoring over East Asia, effectively supporting research on middle and upper atmospheric dynamical evolution and geomagnetic storm responses. The research outcomes have realized the engineering application of ASHS wind measurement technique and established an efficient and stable ground-based optical wind-field observation system, providing a technical foundation for establishing a ground-space integrated three-dimensional wind field detection system and future space weather exploration programs.

middle and upper atmosphere  /  atmospheric wind  /  Asymmetric Spatial Heterodyne Spectroscopy (ASHS)  /  Dual-Channel Optical Interferometer (DCOI)  /  the Chinese Meridian Project
刘伟军, 朱亚军, 朱光逸, 王天才, 袁韦, 徐寄遥. 子午工程双通道光学干涉仪观测网:建设、成果与展望. 科技导报, 2026 , 44 (18) : 118 -126 . DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2026.07.00012
Weijun LIU, Yajun ZHU, Guangyi ZHU, Tiancai WANG, Wei YUAN, Jiyao XU. Dual-Channel Optical Interferometer Observation network of the Chinese Meridian Project: Construction, achievements and prospects[J]. Science & Technology Review, 2026 , 44 (18) : 118 -126 . DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2026.07.00012
中高层大气涵盖对流层顶以上的地球大气区域,包括平流层、中间层、中间层顶和热层(约20~300 km)。中性风场是表征中高空大气状态的关键基础参数,在大气动力学、大气光化学以及低层大气-电离层/热层圈层耦合过程中扮演着不可替代的调控角色。中高层大气风场主导着动量、能量与成分的垂直与水平输运过程,尤其是热层风场进一步影响电离层动力学与光化学过程的演化,直接调控电离层等离子体分布及不规则结构的生成与演变,深刻影响无线电波传播、天地通信导航等业务系统[1]。同时,该高度区间是低轨航天器与临近空间飞行器的主要运行空间,与航天工程、空间安全保障及军事活动高度关联[2]。高精度、长时序的风场观测数据是构建数值大气模式、解析圈层间能量动量耦合过程和机理、研究中高层大气动力学与光化学理论及进行空间天气精细化预报的核心因素。然而,受探测高度、大气示踪物及设备硬件等多重条件限制,中高层大气中性风场的有效观测手段稀缺,全域、连续、高精度的实测数据长期匮乏。当前主流主动探测技术如激光雷达、流星雷达等,已在平流层至中间层顶区域实现规模化应用,但对于高层大气,因有效散射示踪物缺失、系统复杂度高及运维成本高昂等问题,难以实现热层风场的有效连续监测[3−6]。
基于气辉辐射多普勒频移效应的被动光学干涉探测技术,是当前中高层大气无源遥感测风的主流技术路径[7−8]。该领域先后发展了法布里−珀罗干涉仪(Fabry-Pérot Interferometer,FPI)和广角迈克尔逊干涉仪(Wide Angle Michelson Interferometer,WAMI)两类经典技术体制,并衍生出多型地基观测设备与星载探测载荷。国际上,大气区域耦合、能量学与动力学计划(Coupling, Energetics and Dynamics of Atmospheric Regions Program,CEDAR)中已经联合美洲大陆一些台站的FPI和WAMI地基风场干涉仪,实现了中高层大气风场长期连续组网监测。此外,还有一些独立科研机构建设了FPI等风场探测设备,但观测相对独立,中高层大气风场系统观测和多层协同观测的能力有待提升[9]。国内,武汉大学、西安交通大学和中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所(简称西安光机所)最早开展了FPI技术和设备的研究[10−11]。随后,在子午工程、国家气象局空间天气监测预警网络项目支持下,中国科学院国家空间科学中心(简称空间中心)和国家气象局卫星中心等较早引进了国外相对成熟的FPI设备,实现了中国地区中高层大气中性风场系统观测[12−16]。于此同时,武汉大学、西安光机所和空间中心等单位也一直致力于基于FPI设备研制和技术升级[17−20]。随着光学干涉技术的不断发展,基于非对称空间外差干涉技术(asymmetric spatial heterodyne spectroscopy,ASHS)的新一代被动光学测风手段被提出并实现工程化。依托国家重大科技基础设施——子午工程二期建设契机,研究团队开展了ASHS光学干涉测风全套技术的攻关,涵盖了探测原理、多普勒风场反演算法、地基干涉仪整机研制及区域分布式组网观测等全链条研究,成功研制了基于ASHS的双通道光学干涉仪(Dual-Channel Optical Interferometer,DCOI),并建设了地基光学测风观测网络,实现了中国区域上空~96 km和~250 km中高层大气风场的自主业务化观测。本文综述该干涉测风设备的研制、组网观测及取得的科学成果,提出中性风地基组网,地基-天基立体协同探测发展的方向。
基于FPI的风场探测技术始于20世纪60年代,理论与技术日趋成熟,是目前地基风场探测的主流技术[21−23]。在地基原理验证后,多种星载干涉测风任务相继实现,包括高层大气研究卫星(Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite,UARS)上高分辨率多普勒成像仪(The High−Resolution Doppler Imager, HRDI)[24]和热层−电离层−中间层能量与动力学(Thermosphere,Ionosphere,Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics,TIMED)卫星TIMED多普勒干涉仪(TIMED Doppler Interferometer, TIDI)等[25]。20世纪80年代,Shepherd等[26]提出了基于迈克尔逊干涉仪的测风技术,并首先应用于UARS卫星风场成像干涉仪(WIND Imaging Interferometer,WINDII)[27−28]。国内外也相继开展基于WAMI地基测风干涉仪的研究,并实现了中层顶区域风场测量[29−32]。
随着干涉技术的发展,Englert等[33]于2006年首次提出了ASHS干涉仪概念,讨论了仪器设计参数和多普勒频移提取方法,并完成了原型样机。随后,通过优化设计,开发了以氧原子630.0 nm气辉为光源的红线多普勒非对称空间外差演示仪(The Redline DASH Demonstration Instrument,REDDI)[34]。REDDI作为首台完善的ASHS干涉仪,验证了多项关键技术,如视场展宽技术和同步校准光源监测仪器漂移等。在外场观测测试中,REDDI与相似地磁和太阳活动条件下的FPI观测数据对比,结果表现出高度一致性[35]。2011年,美国空军研究实验室开展了以630.0 nm红线为光源的天基多普勒差分干涉仪原型样机ARROW(Atmospheric Redline inteRferometer for dOppler Winds)的研制工作,并进行了为期1周的与FPI的对比观测。2019年,美国国家航空航天局(National Aeronautics and Space Administration,NASA)成功发射了电离层联合探测(Ionospheric Connection,ICON)卫星,其搭载的迈克尔逊热层和电离层全球高分辨率成像干涉仪(Michelson Interferometer for Global High-Resolution Imaging of the Thermosphere and Ionosphere,MIGHTI)正是基于ASHS技术的载荷[36−37]。
随着新兴技术的兴起,国内也同步开展了ASHS的相关理论与技术研究。2011—2015年,西安光机所开展了宽谱段多普勒差分干涉光谱技术研究,基于氧绿线557.7 nm和红线630.0 nm气辉光源,在光栅优化、视场展宽设计及风速反演算法等方面进行了理论探索,并于2016年在中国科学院云南天文台丽江天文观测站进行了野外现场观测,获取了原始气辉干涉图像[38]。中国科学院安徽光学精密机械研究所和光电技术研究所也在理论验证和数据处理方面开展了系列工作,并在实验室中完成了多普勒速度测量验证实验[39]。这些工作为ASHS技术发展提供了重要的科学依据和技术支撑。2016年,空间中心联合德国于利希研究中心,设计并制造了用于地基观测630.0 nm气辉的一体化视场增宽ASHS干涉仪。如图1所示,该仪器采用整体热补偿设计,在仿真和实验室验证中表现出优异的热稳定性[40]。同期,在子午工程二期建设项目的支持下,空间中心提出基于ASHS技术的双通道光学干涉仪地基测风探测网计划,并系统开展了从原理、仪器设计、风速反演算法到实验室组装、定标等一整套从理论到工程实现的研究工作。
光学干涉测风以中高层大气中的气辉辐射为示踪物,通过干涉方法探测气辉光谱的多普勒频移和展宽,实现风速和温度的遥感。在地基探测中,为获取中性风矢量,仪器通常依次观测天顶和4个倾斜方向(如东、西、南、北),获取各方向的视线风场,再通过矢量合成反演二维水平风速(图2)。非对称空间外差光谱技术是基于空间外差技术和迈克尔逊干涉技术发展而来。如图3所示,该技术将迈克尔逊干涉仪的反射镜替换为衍射光栅,并以特定角度固定于干涉臂上,使干涉仪能以固定姿态在不同光程差处进行采样。通过延长空间外差光谱仪的一条干涉臂,引入一个较大的固定光程差可显著提升目标波段的光谱频率探测灵敏度,实现双光束等厚干涉,最终在探测器上获取平直干涉图。
探测器上的干涉图像强度分布可表示为[41−42]
$ I\left(x\right) \propto 1+ {V}_{\mathrm{I}}\left(x\right)\mathrm{c}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{s}\left[2{\text{π} }L\left( {\sigma }_{0}-{\sigma }_{\mathrm{L}} \right)\right]\mathrm{e}\mathrm{x}\mathrm{p}(-2{\text{π} }^{2}{\sigma }_{\mathrm{D}}^{2}{L}^{2}) $
式中,$ I\left(x\right) $为干涉条纹强度随位置坐标$ x $的分布,$ {V}_{\mathrm{I}}\left(x\right) $为仪器衬比度函数,$ L $为光程差,$ {\sigma }_{0} $为发射谱线中心波数,$ {\sigma }_{\mathrm{L}} $为Littrow波数,$ {\sigma }_{\mathrm{D}} $为多普勒展宽参数。
ASHS技术的基本原理是通过测量并计算干涉图相位的变化反演出入射光谱的多普勒频移,进而计算出视线风速。因此,如何精确提取由风速引起的干涉图相位变化是风速反演的关键。在ASHS技术中,风速引起的相位漂移采用相对测量法。首先,确定零风参考状态下的干涉图相位,再计算实测风速引起的多普勒频移相位,二者的相对相位差即直接对应于多普勒风速。为校正环境温度变化等引起的仪器热漂移,在实际观测中会同步采集标准定标光源、目标气辉及暗背景的信号。通过傅里叶变换将空间域干涉图信号转换至频率域,在频域中根据不同信号的频率特征进行加窗滤波,分别提取出定标光源和目标光源的信号,再通过逆傅里叶变换重建各自空间域的干涉图。利用定标光源干涉图提取出仅由环境引起的相位漂移,从目标光源干涉图提取出由环境和风速共同引起的总相位漂移,二者求差即可得到单纯由多普勒效应引起的频移相位,最终精确计算出视线风速。
空间中心与德国于利希研究中心保持密切合作,在ASHS技术方面奠定了坚实基础。时值子午工程二期项目规划论证阶段,基于中国在中高层大气风场探测能力不足和数据稀缺的现实,提出了基于ASHS技术的地基风场组网探测计划。经深入调研和论证,最终确定在子午工程二期中研制双通道光学干涉仪设备,并建设一个包含11个站点、覆盖中国不同纬度和经度区域的地基测风监测网。该DCOI采用ASHS技术,通过同时探测557.7和630.0 nm两个波长的气辉辐射,分别实现中间层顶区域(约96 km)和热层区域(约250 km)的风场探测。
2016年,空间中心与德国合作,率先研制出针对630.0 nm气辉的一体化视场增宽ASHS干涉仪,验证了核心技术的可行性[43]。2019年,在子午工程二期支持下,双通道光学干涉仪研制工作全面启动。在开展相关技术和风速反演算法研究的同时,搭建了设备研制所必需的气辉探测定标平台。该平台包含干涉仪核心干涉模块实时装配定标系统、风速模拟系统、干涉仪热稳定性和测风敏感系数定标系统[44]。2020年,空间中心与西安光机所合作研制了630.0 nm通道的ASHS核心干涉模块,为整机集成奠定了关键基础。至2022年,完成首台原型样机,并对其干涉衬比度等关键参数进行了评估,顺利完成了实验室测风验证,风速反演误差可达2 m/s。2023年,掌握了核心ASHS模块组装工艺,并在野外台站进行了实地观测实验,全面验证了仪器性能(图4)。随后,完成了557.7和630.0 nm全套DCOI的研制,并对所有设备进行实验室定标、组装和测试,陆续开展监测网11个站点的安装、调试。2024年2月,完成了全国11个重要观测站点的设备部署(图5),随后监测网进入试运行阶段,单方向观测曝光时间5 min,5个方向循环观测时间分辨率为25 min,实现了对中间层顶和热层风场的常态化探测[45]。该探测网于2025年完成国家验收,正式投入业务化运行,实现了对中高层大气风场的长期连续监测[46]。目前,探测数据已经实现实时上传数据中心,用户可通过子午工程数据网站(https://www.meridianproject.ac.cn)实现数据下载。
双通道光学干涉仪风场探测网自组网运行以来,状态良好,获取了丰富的观测数据。为验证设备的有效性和数据准确性,项目团队利用漠河、武汉黄陂和榆中站的557.7 nm通道风场数据,与同站点2022年11月至2024年10月流星雷达(图6)和2024年1月至10月钠激光雷达(图7)不同高度和加权平均的独立风场数据进行对比。结果显示,3种不同探测技术得到的风场在变化趋势和量值上具有很好的一致性,有力地证明了基于ASHS的地基光学干涉仪能够可靠地实现中高层大气风场探测。整个探测网为中国地区上空的风场监测及时空演化研究提供了不可或缺的数据支撑[47]。
基于该网络数据,已取得一系列创新性科学发现。该监测网北方台站630.0 nm通道的DCOI和FPI成功捕捉到2024年5月10日和10月10日磁暴事件引起的热层-电离层风场剧烈扰动响应(图8)[48]。同时,研究发现作为一种被动光学遥感设备,干涉仪易受杂散光污染。特别是在极光活动期间,干涉仪的热层风观测常出现显著的南北或东西方向的系统性偏差。为此,研究团队构建了低层大气散射辐射传输模型,通过模拟极光辐射在低层大气内的散射过程,定量评估了其对光学干涉仪热层风观测的影响。这一发现不仅深化了对光学干涉仪观测光污染机制的理解,也为中纬度红色极光频发区内干涉仪测风数据的甄别与校正提供了理论依据和技术路径。此外,利用该监测网中和静、榆中和四子王旗站2024年5月超级磁暴期间的630.0 nm通道数据,研究了东亚区域热层中性风的响应特征及其对周边地区电离层扰动的影响[49]。利用低纬富克站的热层风场数据,研究了等离子体泡纬向漂移速度与背景中性风的相关性,为深入理解电离层不规则体漂移的物理机制提供了关键观测依据[50]。
大气风场作为中高层大气的关键基础参量,是引起大气动力学过程和电离层电动力学过程变化的关键驱动因子,直接影响航空航天轨道环境、短波通信、卫星运行安全及全球大气环流平衡。为精准掌握其时空间演化规律,完善区域大气环境观测体系,地基光学干涉探测凭借其高精度、长时序连续观测的独特优势,已成为80~300 km中高层大气风场探测的核心技术。本研究依托子午工程,实现了从技术研发到组网观测的全面突破,有效完善了中国中高层大气风场观测体系,为高空大气动力学研究与空间天气保障提供了关键数据支撑。
在DCOI的研制和业务化运行方面取得了3大核心成就:首先,系统性地实现了基于非对称空间外差干涉技术的地基双通道光学干涉仪研制和风场反演算法攻关;其次,成功建成了全球首个基于ASHS技术的业务化地基测风观测网;最后,通过多源数据交叉比对,验证了DCOI设备的有效性和数据的准确性,并基于该网络数据实现了对中国上空风场的长期连续监测,支撑了对中高层大气动力学、热层-电离层耦合、磁暴空间天气事件全时空演化过程的前沿研究。
展望未来,在子午工程构建的东经120°、西经60°子午圈基础上,联合该区域各国建设台站,推动国际子午圈计划(International Meridian Circle Program,IMCP)的实施。风场探测作为其中的重要组成部分,双通道光学干涉仪可与已广泛部署的FPI测风设备形成协同观测,构建更密集的全球风场监测网格。弥补单站观测时空覆盖不足的局限,获取气辉层中性风、温度等连续探测数据,对于科学研究和工程应用均具有重要意义。在空间天气领域,组网观测可为热层-电离层耦合模式提供同化输入,助力潮汐、重力波等扰动过程识别,提升空间天气事件监测预警能力;在基础科学研究方面,多站点时空协同观测有助于提取大气波动的振幅、相位与传播特征,校验数值模式参数化方案,结合卫星、雷达等多源数据开展联合分析,进一步揭示中间层-低热层区域能量输运与多尺度波动耦合机制。从工程技术角度,组网观测对仪器跨站点定标、标准化数据质控、无人值守设备可靠性以及组网联合反演算法提出更高要求,需统一数据产品规范与不确定度溯源体系,降低多台仪器系统偏差带来的数据一致性问题。与此同时,国外已通过HRDI、TIDI、WINDII、MIGHTI等一系列星载任务,验证了天基风场探测的巨大价值。中国在中高层大气风场的星载探测领域目前尚属空白。面对未来10年国际上将中高层大气风场探测作为重要气象和空间天气任务的发展趋势,发展中国新一代自主星载大气风场光学干涉探测技术与载荷,具有重大的现实紧迫性和战略意义。最终,通过地基组网与星载探测的天地一体化协同,将构建起中国完整的中高层大气风场探测能力,为空间天气预报、大气模式研究、航空航天器安全保障、卫星通信与导航等应用提供坚实的数据与技术支撑。

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doi: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2026.07.00012
  • 接收时间:2026-07-02
  • 首发时间:2026-11-03
  • 出版时间:2026-09-28
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  • 收稿日期:2026-07-02
  • 修回日期:2026-08-15
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    1中国科学院国家空间科学中心,北京 100190
    2中国科学院大学,北京 101408

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朱亚军(通信作者),研究员,研究方向为中高层大气化学与辐射遥感探测,电子信箱:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
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属数
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genus
种数
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species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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