Article(id=1296828792836743356, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, issueId=1296827250129784977, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2026.07.00004, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1782835200000, receivedDateStr=2026-07-01, revisedDate=1784131200000, revisedDateStr=2026-07-16, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1787117678125, onlineDateStr=2026-08-19, pubDate=1785168000000, pubDateStr=2026-07-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1787117678125, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-08-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1787117678125, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1787117678125, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1296827250129784977, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, year='2026', volume='44', issue='14', pageStart='1', pageEnd='192', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1785168000000', pubDateStr='2026-07-28', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1787117310316, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1787117721595, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1296828975423185806, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, issueId=1296827250129784977, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1296828975423185807, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, issueId=1296827250129784977, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=120, endPage=131, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1296828793050652861, articleId=1296828792836743356, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, language=EN, title=Bio−inspired navigation−cracking the mystery behind "bird" intelligence, columnId=1150494642224591153, journalTitle=Science & Technology Review, columnName=Exclusive, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Bio−inspired navigation is an important embodiment of bio−inspired intelligence that empowers autonomous perception and efficient navigation in unmanned systems. By mimicking the processes of biological systems in perceiving, acquiring, integrating, and utilizing spatial, environmental, and target−related information, bio−inspired navigation provides new theoretical insights and technical approaches for overcoming the bottlenecks of autonomous navigation in interference and adversarial environments. It has become a frontier research direction involving the interdisciplinary integration of information science, bionics, and instrumentation engineering. Starting from the concepts and functions of bio−inspired intelligent systems, this paper elaborates on the research connotation and architectural framework of bio−inspired navigation. The research progress of representative bio−inspired navigation technologies, including inertial navigation, visual navigation, polarization navigation, and geomagnetic navigation, is systematically reviewed. The bio−inspired mechanisms, information perception mechanisms, and technological implementation forms of different navigation approaches are analyzed in detail. Furthermore, the future development trends of bio−inspired navigation are discussed from three perspectives: neural−enabled intelligent motion information estimation (method), intelligent navigation hardware based on bio−like organ collaborative perception (system), and bio−inspired intelligent navigation with adaptive capabilities against uncertain interference (behavior). This review provides references for the development of next−generation autonomous navigation technologies.

, authors=Jian YANG1, 2, 3, Teng ZHANG1, 2, Jianzhong QIAO1, 2, Lei GUO1, 2, *, authorsList=Jian YANG, Teng ZHANG, Jianzhong QIAO, Lei GUO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Lei GUO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=All rights reserved. Unauthorized reproduction is prohibited., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1296828793667215550, articleId=1296828792836743356, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, language=CN, title=仿生导航——破解“鸟”工智能的奥秘, columnId=1150494642375586098, journalTitle=科技导报, columnName=特色专题, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

仿生导航是仿生智能赋能无人系统自主感知与高效导航能力的重要体现,其通过模拟生物空间、环境和目标等信息感知、获取、融合及应用过程,为突破干扰对抗环境下无人系统自主导航瓶颈提供了新的理论思路和技术途径,已成为信息科学、仿生学与仪器仪表等多学科交叉融合的前沿研究方向。从仿生智能系统的概念和功能出发,阐述了仿生导航的研究内涵与体系结构,系统综述了惯性导航、视觉导航、偏振导航、地磁导航等典型仿生导航技术的研究进展,重点分析了各类导航技术仿生机理、信息感知机制和技术实现形式,并从神经赋能的智能运动信息估计(方法)、类生物器官协同感知的智能导航硬件(系统)和具有不确定干扰适应能力的仿生智能导航(行为)3个层面展望了未来发展趋势,为新一代自主导航技术的发展提供参考。

, authors=杨健1, 2, 3, 张腾1, 2, 乔建忠1, 2, 郭雷1, 2, *, authorsList=杨健, 张腾, 乔建忠, 郭雷, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=郭雷, authorNote=

杨健,教授,研究方向为无人系统仿复眼自主导航理论与应用,电子信箱:

, correspAuthorsNote=
郭雷(通信作者),教授,中国科学院院士,研究方向为抗干扰控制理论与应用,电子信箱:
, copyrightStatement=版权所有,未经授权,不得转载。, copyrightOwner=《科技导报》编辑部, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=FxCVdZXY9M0OaT12caILWw==, magXml=mQuqeKRktd6v+F7TvZPvXA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=xqLBWAOsWhg6krgWvyLThg==, pdfFileSize=797391, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=iBzftxRR4GZ7pZtJEcnfKA==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1296828795634344137, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=jyang_buaa@buaa.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1296828795730813133, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, authorId=1296828795634344137, language=EN, stringName=Jian YANG, firstName=Jian, middleName=null, lastName=YANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, 3, address=1Institute of Aerospace Bionic Intelligence, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
2Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio−inspired Intelligent Technology of Unmanned System, Beijing 100191, China
3Hangzhou International Innovation Institute, Beihang University, Hangzhou 311115, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1296828795802116302, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, authorId=1296828795634344137, language=CN, stringName=杨健, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, 3, address=1北京航空航天大学空天仿生智能研究院,北京 100191
2无人系统仿生智能技术北京市重点实验室,北京 100191
3北京航空航天大学国际创新学院,杭州 311115, bio={"content":"

杨健,教授,研究方向为无人系统仿复眼自主导航理论与应用,电子信箱:

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

杨健,教授,研究方向为无人系统仿复眼自主导航理论与应用,电子信箱:

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1296828795319771327, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1296828795340742848, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, companyId=1296828795319771327, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Institute of Aerospace Bionic Intelligence, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1296828795349131457, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, companyId=1296828795319771327, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1北京航空航天大学空天仿生智能研究院,北京 100191)]), AuthorCompany(id=1296828795441406146, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1296828795449794755, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, companyId=1296828795441406146, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio−inspired Intelligent Technology of Unmanned System, Beijing 100191, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1296828795458183364, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, companyId=1296828795441406146, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2无人系统仿生智能技术北京市重点实验室,北京 100191)]), AuthorCompany(id=1296828795529486533, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1296828795537875142, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, companyId=1296828795529486533, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3Hangzhou International Innovation Institute, Beihang University, Hangzhou 311115, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1296828795550458055, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, companyId=1296828795529486533, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3北京航空航天大学国际创新学院,杭州 311115)])]), Author(id=1296828795881808080, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1296828796024414419, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, authorId=1296828795881808080, language=EN, stringName=Teng ZHANG, firstName=Teng, middleName=null, lastName=ZHANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1Institute of Aerospace Bionic Intelligence, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
2Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio−inspired Intelligent Technology of Unmanned System, Beijing 100191, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1296828796095717588, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, authorId=1296828795881808080, language=CN, stringName=张腾, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1北京航空航天大学空天仿生智能研究院,北京 100191
2无人系统仿生智能技术北京市重点实验室,北京 100191, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1296828795319771327, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1296828795340742848, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, companyId=1296828795319771327, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Institute of Aerospace Bionic Intelligence, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1296828795349131457, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, companyId=1296828795319771327, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1北京航空航天大学空天仿生智能研究院,北京 100191)]), AuthorCompany(id=1296828795441406146, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1296828795449794755, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, companyId=1296828795441406146, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio−inspired Intelligent Technology of Unmanned System, Beijing 100191, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1296828795458183364, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, companyId=1296828795441406146, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2无人系统仿生智能技术北京市重点实验室,北京 100191)])]), Author(id=1296828796187992278, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1296828796301238489, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, authorId=1296828796187992278, language=EN, stringName=Jianzhong QIAO, firstName=Jianzhong, middleName=null, lastName=QIAO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1Institute of Aerospace Bionic Intelligence, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
2Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio−inspired Intelligent Technology of Unmanned System, Beijing 100191, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1296828796364153050, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, authorId=1296828796187992278, language=CN, stringName=乔建忠, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1北京航空航天大学空天仿生智能研究院,北京 100191
2无人系统仿生智能技术北京市重点实验室,北京 100191, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1296828795319771327, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1296828795340742848, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, companyId=1296828795319771327, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Institute of Aerospace Bionic Intelligence, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1296828795349131457, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, companyId=1296828795319771327, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1北京航空航天大学空天仿生智能研究院,北京 100191)]), AuthorCompany(id=1296828795441406146, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1296828795449794755, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, companyId=1296828795441406146, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio−inspired Intelligent Technology of Unmanned System, Beijing 100191, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1296828795458183364, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, companyId=1296828795441406146, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2无人系统仿生智能技术北京市重点实验室,北京 100191)])]), Author(id=1296828796448039132, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=lguo@buaa.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1296828796540313823, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, authorId=1296828796448039132, language=EN, stringName=Lei GUO, firstName=Lei, middleName=null, lastName=GUO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, *, address=1Institute of Aerospace Bionic Intelligence, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
2Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio−inspired Intelligent Technology of Unmanned System, Beijing 100191, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1296828796611616992, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, authorId=1296828796448039132, language=CN, stringName=郭雷, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, *, address=1北京航空航天大学空天仿生智能研究院,北京 100191
2无人系统仿生智能技术北京市重点实验室,北京 100191, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1296828795319771327, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1296828795340742848, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, companyId=1296828795319771327, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Institute of Aerospace Bionic Intelligence, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1296828795349131457, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, companyId=1296828795319771327, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1北京航空航天大学空天仿生智能研究院,北京 100191)]), AuthorCompany(id=1296828795441406146, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1296828795449794755, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, companyId=1296828795441406146, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio−inspired Intelligent Technology of Unmanned System, Beijing 100191, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1296828795458183364, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, companyId=1296828795441406146, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2无人系统仿生智能技术北京市重点实验室,北京 100191)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1296828796708085985, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=bio−inspired intelligence), Keyword(id=1296828796766806242, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=bio−inspired navigation), Keyword(id=1296828796833915107, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=intelligent sensing), Keyword(id=1296828796921995492, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=inertial navigation), Keyword(id=1296828796997492965, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, language=EN, orderNo=5, keyword=polarization navigation), Keyword(id=1296828797131710694, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=仿生智能), Keyword(id=1296828797194625255, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=仿生导航), Keyword(id=1296828797270122728, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=智能感知), Keyword(id=1296828797328842985, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=惯性导航), Keyword(id=1296828797395951850, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=偏振导航)], refs=[Reference(id=1296828800344547567, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=558, issue=7708, pageStart=50, pageEnd=59, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=Mouritsen H, journalName=Nature, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Mouritsen H. Long−distance navigation and magnetoreception in migratory animals[J]. Nature, 2018, 558(7708): 50-59., articleTitle=Long−distance navigation and magnetoreception in migratory animals, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1296828800445210864, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2009, volume=325, issue=5948, pageStart=1700, pageEnd=1704, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=1, authorNames=Merlin C, Gegear R J, Reppert S M, journalName=Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Merlin C, Gegear R J, Reppert S M. Antennal circadian clocks coordinate Sun compass orientation in migratory monarch butterflies[J]. Science, 2009, 325(5948): 1700-1704., articleTitle=Antennal circadian clocks coordinate Sun compass orientation in migratory monarch butterflies, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1296828800508125425, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=23, issue=6, pageStart=1129, pageEnd=1141, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=2, authorNames=Buehlmann C, Mangan M, Graham P, journalName=Animal Cognition, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Buehlmann C, Mangan M, Graham P. Multimodal interactions in insect navigation[J]. Animal Cognition, 2020, 23(6): 1129-1141., articleTitle=Multimodal interactions in insect navigation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1296828800571039986, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2003, volume=58, issue=9, pageStart=747, pageEnd=752, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=3, authorNames=Dewsbury D A, journalName=American Psychologist, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Dewsbury D A. The 1973 Nobel Prize for physiology or medicine: Recognition for behavioral science?[J]. American Psychologist, 2003, 58(9): 747-752., articleTitle=The 1973 Nobel Prize for physiology or medicine: Recognition for behavioral science?, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1296828800654926067, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=84, issue=6, pageStart=1120, pageEnd=1125, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=4, authorNames=Burgess N, journalName=Neuron, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Burgess N. The 2014 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine: A spatial model for cognitive neuroscience[J]. Neuron, 2014, 84(6): 1120-1125., articleTitle=The 2014 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine: A spatial model for cognitive neuroscience, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1296828800717840628, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=43, issue=10, pageStart=358, pageEnd=368, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=5, authorNames=郭雷, 朱玉凯, 乔建忠, journalName=航空学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=郭雷, 朱玉凯, 乔建忠, . 无人系统生存智能与安全、免疫、绿色控制技术[J]. 航空学报, 2022, 43(10): 358-368., articleTitle=无人系统生存智能与安全、免疫、绿色控制技术, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1296828800831086837, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=6, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=郭雷, 王巍, 包为民. 仿生智能: 开辟“新赛道”培育“硬科技”[EB/OL]. [2026−06−01]. https://www.miit.gov.cn/ztzl/rdzt/xxgyhqk/tjyd/zjlt/art/2025/art_8bb6553546fd48d383f96b204bf25e03.html,2025−09−04., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1296828800894001398, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=67, issue=9, pageStart=196201, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=7, authorNames=Li W S, Liu X, Hu P W, journalName=Science China Information Sciences, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li W S, Liu X, Hu P W, et al. BIO−inspired intelligent navigation: From methodology, system theory, to behavioural science[J]. Science China Information Sciences, 2024, 67(9): 196201., articleTitle=BIO−inspired intelligent navigation: From methodology, system theory, to behavioural science, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1296828800969498871, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=null, issue=5, pageStart=26, pageEnd=29, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=8, authorNames=郭雷, 包为民, 王巍, journalName=国防科技工业, refType=null, unstructuredReference=郭雷, 包为民, 王巍. 空天仿生智能技术赋能国防科技新动能[J]. 国防科技工业, 2025(5): 26-29., articleTitle=空天仿生智能技术赋能国防科技新动能, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1296828801044996344, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2011, volume=21, issue=4, pageStart=527, pageEnd=534, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=9, authorNames=Huston S J, Jayaraman V, journalName=Current Opinion in Neurobiology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Huston S J, Jayaraman V. Studying sensorimotor integration in insects[J]. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 2011, 21(4): 527-534., articleTitle=Studying sensorimotor integration in insects, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1296828801124688121, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1998, volume=8, issue=20, pageStart=R731, pageEnd=R738, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=10, authorNames=Gould J L, journalName=Current Biology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Gould J L. Sensory bases of navigation[J]. Current Biology, 1998, 8(20): R731-R738., articleTitle=Sensory bases of navigation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1296828801195991290, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=362, issue=6415, pageStart=1, pageEnd=11, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=11, authorNames=Bellmund J L S, Gärdenfors P, Moser E I, journalName=Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Bellmund J L S, Gärdenfors P, Moser E I, et al. Navigating cognition: Spatial codes for human thinking[J]. Science, 2018, 362(6415): 1-11., articleTitle=Navigating cognition: Spatial codes for human thinking, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1296828801263100155, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=5, issue=null, pageStart=1058, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=12, authorNames=McLaren J D, Schmaljohann H, Blasius B, journalName=Communications Biology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=McLaren J D, Schmaljohann H, Blasius B. Predicting performance of nave migratory animals, from many wrongs to self−correction[J]. Communications Biology, 2022, 5: 1058., articleTitle=Predicting performance of nave migratory animals, from many wrongs to self−correction, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1296828801334403324, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=2, issue=4, pageStart=14, pageEnd=25, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=13, authorNames=刘俊, 赵菁, 赵慧俊, journalName=飞控与探测, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘俊, 赵菁, 赵慧俊, . 仿生光磁导航技术发展研究综述[J]. 飞控与探测, 2019, 2(4): 14-25., articleTitle=仿生光磁导航技术发展研究综述, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1296828801409900797, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=7, issue=4, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=14, authorNames=胡小平, 毛军, 范晨, journalName=导航定位与授时, refType=null, unstructuredReference=胡小平, 毛军, 范晨, . 仿生导航技术综述[J]. 导航定位与授时, 2020, 7(4): 前插1-前插2, 1−10., articleTitle=仿生导航技术综述, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1296828801472815358, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1873, volume=7, issue=179, pageStart=417, pageEnd=418, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=15, authorNames=Darwin C, journalName=Nature, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Darwin C. Origin of certain instincts[J]. Nature, 1873, 7(179): 417-418., articleTitle=Origin of certain instincts, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1296828801544118527, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1873, volume=7, issue=182, pageStart=483, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=16, authorNames=Murphy J J, journalName=Nature, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Murphy J J. Instinct: A mechanical analogy[J]. Nature, 1873, 7(182): 483., articleTitle=Instinct: A mechanical analogy, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1296828801632198912, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=17, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Whitfield T T. Development of the semicircular canals and otolithic organs of the vertebrate inner ear[M]//Development of Sensory Organs. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2025: 125−184., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1296828801690919169, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=112, issue=5, pageStart=1481, pageEnd=1486, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=18, authorNames=Deora T, Singh A K, Sane S P, journalName=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Deora T, Singh A K, Sane S P. Biomechanical basis of wing and haltere coordination in flies[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2015, 112(5): 1481-1486., articleTitle=Biomechanical basis of wing and haltere coordination in flies, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1296828801774805250, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=19, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Daniel T, Aldworth Z, Hinterwirth A, et al. Insect inertial measurement units: Gyroscopic sensing of body rotation[M]//Frontiers in Sensing. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2012: 287−297., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1296828801846108419, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=14, issue=null, pageStart=7373, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=20, authorNames=Jazi M N, Tymorek A, Yen T Y, journalName=Nature Communications, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Jazi M N, Tymorek A, Yen T Y, et al. Hippocampal firing fields anchored to a moving object predict homing direction during path−integration−based behavior[J]. Nature Communications, 2023, 14: 7373., articleTitle=Hippocampal firing fields anchored to a moving object predict homing direction during path−integration−based behavior, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1296828801917411588, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=27, issue=8, pageStart=1599, pageEnd=1608, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=21, authorNames=Madhav M S, Jayakumar R P, Li B Y, journalName=Nature Neuroscience, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Madhav M S, Jayakumar R P, Li B Y, et al. Control and recalibration of path integration in place cells using optic flow[J]. Nature Neuroscience, 2024, 27(8): 1599-1608., articleTitle=Control and recalibration of path integration in place cells using optic flow, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1296828801988714757, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1938, volume=141, issue=3577, pageStart=919, pageEnd=920, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=22, authorNames=Fraenkel G, Pringle J W S, journalName=Nature, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Fraenkel G, Pringle J W S. Biological sciences: Halteres of flies as gyroscopic organs of equilibrium[J]. Nature, 1938, 141(3577): 919-920., articleTitle=Biological sciences: Halteres of flies as gyroscopic organs of equilibrium, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1296828802068406534, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1939, volume=A109, issue=1, pageStart=69, pageEnd=78, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=23, authorNames=Fraenkel G, journalName=Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Fraenkel G. The function of the halteres of flies (Diptera)[J]. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1939, A109(1): 69−78., articleTitle=The function of the halteres of flies (Diptera), refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1296828802156486919, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2007, volume=315, issue=5813, pageStart=771, pageEnd=772, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=24, authorNames=Alexander R M, journalName=Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Alexander R M. Antennae as gyroscopes[J]. Science, 2007, 315(5813): 771-772., articleTitle=Antennae as gyroscopes, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1296828802231984392, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2002, volume=415, issue=6871, pageStart=495, pageEnd=496, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=25, authorNames=Fraser P J, Shelmerdine R L, journalName=Nature, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Fraser P J, Shelmerdine R L. Dogfish hair cells sense hydrostatic pressure[J]. Nature, 2002, 415(6871): 495-496., articleTitle=Dogfish hair cells sense hydrostatic pressure, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1296828802294898953, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=26, authorNames=Derby C, Thiel M, journalName=Nervous systems and control of behavior, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Derby C, Thiel M. Nervous systems and control of behavior[M]. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1296828802366202122, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=13, issue=null, pageStart=120, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=27, authorNames=Mackrous I, Carriot J, Cullen K E, journalName=Nature Communications, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Mackrous I, Carriot J, Cullen K E. Context−independent encoding of passive and active self−motion in vestibular afferent fibers during locomotion in primates[J]. Nature Communications, 2022, 13: 120., articleTitle=Context−independent encoding of passive and active self−motion in vestibular afferent fibers during locomotion in primates, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1296828802433310987, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=15, issue=null, pageStart=4003, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=28, authorNames=Zobeiri O A, Cullen K E, journalName=Nature Communications, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zobeiri O A, Cullen K E. Cerebellar Purkinje cells combine sensory and motor information to predict the sensory consequences of active self−motion in macaques[J]. Nature Communications, 2024, 15: 4003., articleTitle=Cerebellar Purkinje cells combine sensory and motor information to predict the sensory consequences of active self−motion in macaques, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1296828802529779980, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=11, issue=99, pageStart=20140573, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=29, authorNames=Droogendijk H, Brookhuis R A, de Boer M J, journalName=Journal of the Royal Society Interface, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Droogendijk H, Brookhuis R A, de Boer M J, et al. Towards a biomimetic gyroscope inspired by the fly's haltere using microelectromechanical systems technology[J]. Journal of the Royal Society Interface, 2014, 11(99): 20140573., articleTitle=Towards a biomimetic gyroscope inspired by the fly's haltere using microelectromechanical systems technology, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1296828802609471757, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=16, issue=11, pageStart=4274, pageEnd=4280, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=30, authorNames=Kilic O, Ra H, Akkaya O C, journalName=IEEE Sensors Journal, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Kilic O, Ra H, Akkaya O C, et al. Haltere−like optoelectromechanical gyroscope[J]. IEEE Sensors Journal, 2016, 16(11): 4274-4280., articleTitle=Haltere−like optoelectromechanical gyroscope, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1296828802689163534, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=5, issue=null, pageStart=47, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=31, authorNames=Lavrik N V, Datskos P G, journalName=Microsystems & Nanoengineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Lavrik N V, Datskos P G. Optically read Coriolis vibratory gyroscope based on a silicon tuning fork[J]. Microsystems & Nanoengineering, 2019, 5: 47., articleTitle=Optically read Coriolis vibratory gyroscope based on a silicon tuning fork, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1296828802760466703, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=39, issue=6, pageStart=723, pageEnd=729, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[33], rfOrder=32, authorNames=王巍, journalName=自动化学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王巍. 惯性技术研究现状及发展趋势[J]. 自动化学报, 2013, 39(6): 723-729., articleTitle=惯性技术研究现状及发展趋势, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1296828802827575568, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=47, issue=5, pageStart=1, pageEnd=23, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[34], rfOrder=33, authorNames=王雨潇, 胡镜, 顾楠, journalName=国防科技大学学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王雨潇, 胡镜, 顾楠, . 原子干涉陀螺研究进展及展望[J]. 国防科技大学学报, 2025, 47(5): 1-23., articleTitle=原子干涉陀螺研究进展及展望, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1296828802898878737, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=47, issue=4, pageStart=609, pageEnd=621, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[35], rfOrder=34, authorNames=卜继军, 方海斌, 雷霆, journalName=压电与声光, refType=null, unstructuredReference=卜继军, 方海斌, 雷霆, . 半球谐振陀螺关键技术及其发展趋势[J]. 压电与声光, 2025, 47(4): 609-621., articleTitle=半球谐振陀螺关键技术及其发展趋势, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1296828802957598994, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2000, volume=30, issue=1/2, pageStart=39, pageEnd=64, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[36], rfOrder=35, authorNames=Lambrinos D, Mller R, Labhart T, journalName=Robotics and Autonomous Systems, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Lambrinos D, Mller R, Labhart T, et al. A mobile robot employing insect strategies for navigation[J]. Robotics and Autonomous Systems, 2000, 30(1/2): 39-64., articleTitle=A mobile robot employing insect strategies for navigation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1296828803041485075, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[37], rfOrder=36, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Milford M J, Wyeth G F, Prasser D. RatSLAM: A hippocampal model for simultaneous localization and mapping[C]//Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, 2004. ICRA '04.2004. Piscataway, NJ: IEEE, 2004: 403−408., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1296828803100205332, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[38], rfOrder=37, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Struckmeier O, Tiwari K, Salman M, et al. ViTa−SLAM: A bio−inspired visuo−tactile SLAM for navigation while interacting with aliased environments[J/OL]. arXiv, 2019: 1906.06422. https://arxiv.org/abs/1906.06422., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1296828803167314197, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[39], rfOrder=38, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhuang G H, Bing Z S, Huang Y H, et al. A biologically−inspired simultaneous localization and mapping system based on LiDAR sensor[C]//Proceedings of IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS). Piscataway, NJ: IEEE, 2022: 13136−13142., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1296828803234423062, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[40], rfOrder=39, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Safa A, Verbelen T, Ocket I, et al. Fusing event−based camera and radar for SLAM using spiking neural networks with continual STDP learning[J/OL]. arXiv, 2022: 2210.04236. https://arxiv.org/abs/2210.04236., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1296828803309920535, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=629, issue=8014, pageStart=1034, pageEnd=1040, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[41], rfOrder=40, authorNames=Gehrig D, Scaramuzza D, journalName=Nature, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Gehrig D, Scaramuzza D. Low−latency automotive vision with event cameras[J]. Nature, 2024, 629(8014): 1034-1040., articleTitle=Low−latency automotive vision with event cameras, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1296828803377029400, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2011, volume=21, issue=21, pageStart=1794, pageEnd=1799, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[42], rfOrder=41, authorNames=Bhagavatula P S, Claudianos C, Ibbotson M R, journalName=Current Biology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Bhagavatula P S, Claudianos C, Ibbotson M R, et al. Optic flow cues guide flight in birds[J]. Current Biology, 2011, 21(21): 1794-1799., articleTitle=Optic flow cues guide flight in birds, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1296828803448332569, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2006, volume=192, issue=8, pageStart=785, pageEnd=797, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[43], rfOrder=42, authorNames=Elias D O, Land B R, Mason A C, journalName=Journal of Comparative Physiology A, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Elias D O, Land B R, Mason A C, et al. Measuring and quantifying dynamic visual signals in jumping spiders[J]. Journal of Comparative Physiology A, 2006, 192(8): 785-797., articleTitle=Measuring and quantifying dynamic visual signals in jumping spiders, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1296828803523830042, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=73, issue=1, pageStart=361, pageEnd=372, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[44], rfOrder=43, authorNames=Chao H Y, Gu Y, Napolitano M, journalName=Journal of Intelligent & Robotic Systems, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Chao H Y, Gu Y, Napolitano M. A survey of optical flow techniques for robotics navigation applications[J]. Journal of Intelligent & Robotic Systems, 2014, 73(1): 361-372., articleTitle=A survey of optical flow techniques for robotics navigation applications, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1296828803595133211, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2011, volume=105, issue=3, pageStart=239, pageEnd=252, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[45], rfOrder=44, authorNames=Pan C, Deng H, Yin X F, journalName=Biological Cybernetics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Pan C, Deng H, Yin X F, et al. An optical flow−based integrated navigation system inspired by insect vision[J]. Biological Cybernetics, 2011, 105(3): 239-252., articleTitle=An optical flow−based integrated navigation system inspired by insect vision, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1296828803653853468, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=110, issue=23, pageStart=9267, pageEnd=9272, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[46], rfOrder=45, authorNames=Floreano D, Pericet−Camara R, Viollet S, journalName=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Floreano D, Pericet−Camara R, Viollet S, et al. Miniature curved artificial compound eyes[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2013, 110(23): 9267-9272., articleTitle=Miniature curved artificial compound eyes, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1296828803716768029, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=60, issue=null, pageStart=21, pageEnd=27, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[47], rfOrder=46, authorNames=Mauss A S, Borst A, journalName=Current Opinion in Neurobiology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Mauss A S, Borst A. Optic flow−based course control in insects[J]. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 2020, 60: 21-27., articleTitle=Optic flow−based course control in insects, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1296828803775488286, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[48], rfOrder=47, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Strydom R, Thurrowgood S, Srinivasan M V. Visual odometry: Autonomous UAV navigation using optic flow and stereo[C]//Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation. Melbourne: The University of Melbourne, 2014., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1296828803871957279, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=57, issue=16, pageStart=614, pageEnd=617, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[49], rfOrder=48, authorNames=Sanket N J, Singh C D, Fermüller C, journalName=Electronics Letters, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Sanket N J, Singh C D, Fermüller C, et al. PRGFlow: Unified SWAP−aware deep global optical flow for aerial robot navigation[J]. Electronics Letters, 2021, 57(16): 614-617., articleTitle=PRGFlow: Unified SWAP−aware deep global optical flow for aerial robot navigation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1296828803934871840, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2001, volume=20, issue=5, pageStart=675, pageEnd=703, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[50], rfOrder=49, authorNames=Hart N S, journalName=Progress in Retinal and Eye Research, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Hart N S. The visual ecology of avian photoreceptors[J]. Progress in Retinal and Eye Research, 2001, 20(5): 675-703., articleTitle=The visual ecology of avian photoreceptors, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1296828804006175009, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2003, volume=78, issue=1, pageStart=81, pageEnd=118, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[51], rfOrder=50, authorNames=Kelber A, Vorobyev M, Osorio D, journalName=Biological Reviews, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Kelber A, Vorobyev M, Osorio D. Animal colour vision: Behavioural tests and physiological concepts[J]. Biological Reviews, 2003, 78(1): 81-118., articleTitle=Animal colour vision: Behavioural tests and physiological concepts, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1296828804090061090, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=497, issue=7447, pageStart=95, pageEnd=99, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[52], rfOrder=51, authorNames=Song Y M, Xie Y Z, Malyarchuk V, journalName=Nature, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Song Y M, Xie Y Z, Malyarchuk V, et al. Digital cameras with designs inspired by the arthropod eye[J]. Nature, 2013, 497(7447): 95-99., articleTitle=Digital cameras with designs inspired by the arthropod eye, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1296828804249444643, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=581, issue=7808, pageStart=278, pageEnd=282, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[53], rfOrder=52, authorNames=Gu L L, Poddar S, Lin Y J, journalName=Nature, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Gu L L, Poddar S, Lin Y J, et al. A biomimetic eye with a hemispherical perovskite nanowire array retina[J]. Nature, 2020, 581(7808): 278-282., articleTitle=A biomimetic eye with a hemispherical perovskite nanowire array retina, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1296828804316553508, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=9, issue=7, pageStart=444, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[54], rfOrder=53, authorNames=Tenzin S, Rassau A, Chai D, journalName=Biomimetics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Tenzin S, Rassau A, Chai D. Application of event cameras and neuromorphic computing to VSLAM: A survey[J]. Biomimetics, 2024, 9(7): 444., articleTitle=Application of event cameras and neuromorphic computing to VSLAM: A survey, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1296828804387856677, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[55], rfOrder=54, authorNames=Horváth G, journalName=Polarization Vision and Environmental Polarized Light, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Horváth G. Polarization Vision and Environmental Polarized Light[M]. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1296828804454965542, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=116, issue=28, pageStart=14248, pageEnd=14253, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[56], rfOrder=55, authorNames=Dacke M, Bell A T A, Foster J J, journalName=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Dacke M, Bell A T A, Foster J J, et al. Multimodal cue integration in the dung beetle compass[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2019, 116(28): 14248-14253., articleTitle=Multimodal cue integration in the dung beetle compass, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1296828804652097831, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=32, issue=2, pageStart=338, pageEnd=349, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[57], rfOrder=56, authorNames=Beetz M J, Kraus C, Franzke M, journalName=Current Biology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Beetz M J, Kraus C, Franzke M, et al. Flight−induced compass representation in the monarch butterfly heading network[J]. Current Biology, 2022, 32(2): 338−349. e5., articleTitle=Flight−induced compass representation in the monarch butterfly heading network, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1296828804727595304, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=14, issue=null, pageStart=5859, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[58], rfOrder=57, authorNames=Beetz M J, Kraus C, el Jundi B, journalName=Nature Communications, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Beetz M J, Kraus C, el Jundi B. Neural representation of goal direction in the monarch butterfly brain[J]. Nature Communications, 2023, 14: 5859., articleTitle=Neural representation of goal direction in the monarch butterfly brain, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1296828804794704169, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=643, issue=8073, pageStart=994, pageEnd=1000, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[59], rfOrder=58, authorNames=Dreyer D, Adden A, Chen H, journalName=Nature, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Dreyer D, Adden A, Chen H, et al. Bogong moths use a stellar compass for long−distance navigation at night[J]. Nature, 2025, 643(8073): 994-1000., articleTitle=Bogong moths use a stellar compass for long−distance navigation at night, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1296828804866007338, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2004, volume=304, issue=5669, pageStart=405, pageEnd=408, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[60], rfOrder=59, authorNames=Cochran W W, Mouritsen H, Wikelski M, journalName=Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Cochran W W, Mouritsen H, Wikelski M. Migrating songbirds recalibrate their magnetic compass daily from twilight cues[J]. Science, 2004, 304(5669): 405-408., articleTitle=Migrating songbirds recalibrate their magnetic compass daily from twilight cues, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1296828804945699115, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=12, issue=11, pageStart=250975, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[61], rfOrder=60, authorNames=Freas C A, Cheng K, journalName=Royal Society Open Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Freas C A, Cheng K. Comparative use of a polarized light compass for twilight and moonlight navigation in diurnal and nocturnal bull ants[J]. Royal Society Open Science, 2025, 12(11): 250975., articleTitle=Comparative use of a polarized light compass for twilight and moonlight navigation in diurnal and nocturnal bull ants, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1296828805008613676, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2008, volume=99, issue=2, pageStart=667, pageEnd=682, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[62], rfOrder=61, authorNames=Sakura M, Lambrinos D, Labhart T, journalName=Journal of Neurophysiology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Sakura M, Lambrinos D, Labhart T. Polarized skylight navigation in insects: Model and electrophysiology of e−vector coding by neurons in the central complex[J]. Journal of Neurophysiology, 2008, 99(2): 667-682., articleTitle=Polarized skylight navigation in insects: Model and electrophysiology of e−vector coding by neurons in the central complex, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1296828805113471277, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2004, volume=14, issue=2, pageStart=155, pageEnd=158, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[63], rfOrder=62, authorNames=Reppert S M, Zhu H S, White R H, journalName=Current Biology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Reppert S M, Zhu H S, White R H. Polarized light helps monarch butterflies navigate[J]. Current Biology, 2004, 14(2): 155-158., articleTitle=Polarized light helps monarch butterflies navigate, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1296828805230911790, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2009, volume=29, issue=38, pageStart=11783, pageEnd=11793, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[64], rfOrder=63, authorNames=Heinze S, Gotthardt S, Homberg U, journalName=The Journal of Neuroscience, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Heinze S, Gotthardt S, Homberg U. Transformation of polarized light information in the central complex of the locust[J]. The Journal of Neuroscience, 2009, 29(38): 11783-11793., articleTitle=Transformation of polarized light information in the central complex of the locust, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1296828805289632047, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2006, volume=313, issue=5788, pageStart=837, pageEnd=839, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[65], rfOrder=64, authorNames=Muheim R, Phillips J B, Åkesson S, journalName=Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Muheim R, Phillips J B, Åkesson S. Polarized light cues underlie compass calibration in migratory songbirds[J]. Science, 2006, 313(5788): 837-839., articleTitle=Polarized light cues underlie compass calibration in migratory songbirds, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1296828805482570032, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=30, issue=11, pageStart=1981, pageEnd=1987, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[66], rfOrder=65, authorNames=Patel R N, Cronin T W, journalName=Current Biology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Patel R N, Cronin T W. Mantis shrimp navigate home using celestial and idiothetic path integration[J]. Current Biology, 2020, 30(11): 1981−1987. e3., articleTitle=Mantis shrimp navigate home using celestial and idiothetic path integration, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1296828805570650417, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=9838, issue=null, pageStart=98380Y, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[67], rfOrder=66, authorNames=Aycock T, Lompado A, Wolz T, journalName=Sensors and Systems for Space Applications IX, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Aycock T, Lompado A, Wolz T, et al. Passive optical sensing of atmospheric polarization for GPS denied operations[J]. Sensors and Systems for Space Applications IX, 2016, 9838: 98380Y., articleTitle=Passive optical sensing of atmospheric polarization for GPS denied operations, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1296828805641953586, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[68], rfOrder=67, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Eshelman L M, Smith A M, Smith K M, et al. Unique navigation solution utilizing sky polarization signatures[C]//Proceedings of Polarization: Measurement, Analysis, and Remote Sensing XV. Orlando: SPIE, 2022: 4., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1296828805709062451, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[69], rfOrder=68, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Trust the sky to guide you home[EB/OL]. [2026−06−12]. https://www.polarissensor.com/skypass., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1296828805767782708, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=4, issue=27, pageStart=eaau0307, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[70], rfOrder=69, authorNames=Dupeyroux J, Serres J R, Viollet S, journalName=Science Robotics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Dupeyroux J, Serres J R, Viollet S. AntBot: A six−legged walking robot able to home like desert ants in outdoor environments[J]. Science Robotics, 2019, 4(27): eaau0307., articleTitle=AntBot: A six−legged walking robot able to home like desert ants in outdoor environments, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1296828805851668789, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=4, issue=4, pageStart=eaao6841, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[71], rfOrder=70, authorNames=Powell S B, Garnett R, Marshall J, journalName=Science Advances, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Powell S B, Garnett R, Marshall J, et al. Bioinspired polarization vision enables underwater geolocalization[J]. Science Advances, 2018, 4(4): eaao6841., articleTitle=Bioinspired polarization vision enables underwater geolocalization, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1296828805922971958, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=68, issue=7, pageStart=6308, pageEnd=6317, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[72], rfOrder=71, authorNames=Yang J, Liu X, Zhang Q Y, journalName=IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yang J, Liu X, Zhang Q Y, et al. Global autonomous positioning in GNSS−challenged environments: A bioinspired strategy by polarization pattern[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2021, 68(7): 6308-6317., articleTitle=Global autonomous positioning in GNSS−challenged environments: A bioinspired strategy by polarization pattern, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1296828805990080823, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=4, issue=null, pageStart=387, pageEnd=400, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[73], rfOrder=72, authorNames=Guo L, Li W S, Zhu Y K, journalName=IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Guo L, Li W S, Zhu Y K, et al. Composite disturbance filtering: A novel state estimation scheme for systems with multisource, heterogeneous, and isomeric disturbances[J]. IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society, 2023, 4: 387-400., articleTitle=Composite disturbance filtering: A novel state estimation scheme for systems with multisource, heterogeneous, and isomeric disturbances, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1296828806057189688, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=11, issue=20, pageStart=33696, pageEnd=33711, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[74], rfOrder=73, authorNames=Zhou W Z, Zhang H Y, Fan C, journalName=IEEE Internet of Things Journal, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhou W Z, Zhang H Y, Fan C, et al . OMC−VINS: A bionic skylight orientation and vision−based metric constrains proposal for vehicle location in challenging environment[J]. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 2024, 11(20): 33696-33711., articleTitle=OMC−VINS: A bionic skylight orientation and vision−based metric constrains proposal for vehicle location in challenging environment, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1296828806124298553, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=20, issue=4, pageStart=6542, pageEnd=6551, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[75], rfOrder=74, authorNames=Zhang T, Yang J, Zhao Q, journalName=IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang T, Yang J, Zhao Q, et al. Bio−inspired antagonistic differential polarization algorithm for heading determination in underwater low−light environments[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, 2024, 20(4): 6542-6551., articleTitle=Bio−inspired antagonistic differential polarization algorithm for heading determination in underwater low−light environments, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1296828806199796026, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=72, issue=10, pageStart=10718, pageEnd=10727, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[76], rfOrder=75, authorNames=Zhang T, Yang J, Shen X J, journalName=IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang T, Yang J, Shen X J, et al. Underwater tightly−coupled method for heading estimation against uncertain disturbances: Using differential light intensity[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2025, 72(10): 10718-10727., articleTitle=Underwater tightly−coupled method for heading estimation against uncertain disturbances: Using differential light intensity, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1296828806271099195, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=47, issue=2, pageStart=789, pageEnd=806, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[77], rfOrder=76, authorNames=Shen C, Wu Y C, Qian G Y, journalName=IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Shen C, Wu Y C, Qian G Y, et al. Intelligent bionic polarization orientation method using biological neuron model for harsh conditions[J]. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 2025, 47(2): 789-806., articleTitle=Intelligent bionic polarization orientation method using biological neuron model for harsh conditions, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1296828806346596668, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2026, volume=69, issue=6, pageStart=1610401, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[78], rfOrder=77, authorNames=Guo L, Wang C L, Tian B, journalName=Science China Technological Sciences, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Guo L, Wang C L, Tian B, et al. Intelligent systems engineering theory for complex dynamical systems with composite disturbances/uncertainties[J]. Science China Technological Sciences, 2026, 69(6): 1610401., articleTitle=Intelligent systems engineering theory for complex dynamical systems with composite disturbances/uncertainties, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1296828806422094141, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=14, issue=10, pageStart=621, pageEnd=637, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[79], rfOrder=78, authorNames=Uebe R, Schüler D, journalName=Nature Reviews Microbiology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Uebe R, Schüler D. Magnetosome biogenesis in magnetotactic bacteria[J]. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 2016, 14(10): 621-637., articleTitle=Magnetosome biogenesis in magnetotactic bacteria, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1296828806501785918, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=28, issue=8, pageStart=1325, pageEnd=1329, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[80], rfOrder=79, authorNames=Brothers J R, Lohmann K J, journalName=Current Biology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Brothers J R, Lohmann K J. Evidence that magnetic navigation and geomagnetic imprinting shape spatial genetic variation in sea turtles[J]. Current Biology, 2018, 28(8): 1325−1329. e2., articleTitle=Evidence that magnetic navigation and geomagnetic imprinting shape spatial genetic variation in sea turtles, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1296828806573089087, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1971, volume=68, issue=1, pageStart=102, pageEnd=106, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[81], rfOrder=80, authorNames=Keeton W T, journalName=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Keeton W T. Magnets interfere with pigeon homing[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 1971, 68(1): 102-106., articleTitle=Magnets interfere with pigeon homing, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1296828806656975168, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1972, volume=176, issue=4030, pageStart=62, pageEnd=64, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[82], rfOrder=81, authorNames=Wiltschko W, Wiltschko R, journalName=Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wiltschko W, Wiltschko R. Magnetic compass of European Robins[J]. Science, 1972, 176(4030): 62-64., articleTitle=Magnetic compass of European Robins, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1296828806715695425, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1996, volume=380, issue=6569, pageStart=59, pageEnd=61, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[83], rfOrder=82, authorNames=Lohmann K J, Lohmann C M F, journalName=Nature, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Lohmann K J, Lohmann C M F. Detection of magnetic field intensity by sea turtles[J]. Nature, 1996, 380(6569): 59-61., articleTitle=Detection of magnetic field intensity by sea turtles, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1296828806786998594, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2001, volume=294, issue=5541, pageStart=364, pageEnd=366, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[84], rfOrder=83, authorNames=Lohmann K J, Cain S D, Dodge S A, journalName=Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Lohmann K J, Cain S D, Dodge S A, et al . Regional magnetic fields as navigational markers for sea turtles[J]. Science, 2001, 294(5541): 364-366., articleTitle=Regional magnetic fields as navigational markers for sea turtles, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1296828806866690371, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2003, volume=421, issue=6918, pageStart=60, pageEnd=63, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[85], rfOrder=84, authorNames=Boles L C, Lohmann K J, journalName=Nature, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Boles L C, Lohmann K J. True navigation and magnetic maps in spiny lobsters[J]. Nature, 2003, 421(6918): 60-63., articleTitle=True navigation and magnetic maps in spiny lobsters, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1296828806942187844, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=375, issue=6579, pageStart=446, pageEnd=449, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[86], rfOrder=85, authorNames=Wynn J, Padget O, Mouritsen H, journalName=Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wynn J, Padget O, Mouritsen H, et al. Magnetic stop signs signal a European songbird's arrival at the breeding site after migration[J]. Science, 2022, 375(6579): 446-449., articleTitle=Magnetic stop signs signal a European songbird's arrival at the breeding site after migration, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1296828807038656837, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=638, issue=8052, pageStart=1015, pageEnd=1022, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[87], rfOrder=86, authorNames=Goforth K M, Lohmann C M F, Gavin A, journalName=Nature, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Goforth K M, Lohmann C M F, Gavin A, et al. Learned magnetic map cues and two mechanisms of magnetoreception in turtles[J]. Nature, 2025, 638(8052): 1015-1022., articleTitle=Learned magnetic map cues and two mechanisms of magnetoreception in turtles, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1296828807101571398, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2026, volume=391, issue=6790, pageStart=1155, pageEnd=1160, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[88], rfOrder=87, authorNames=Nordmann G C, Balay S D, Kapuruge T N, journalName=Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Nordmann G C, Balay S D, Kapuruge T N, et al. A global screen for magnetically induced neuronal activity in the pigeon brain[J]. Science, 2026, 391(6790): 1155-1160., articleTitle=A global screen for magnetically induced neuronal activity in the pigeon brain, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1296828807164485959, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2026, volume=392, issue=6801, pageStart=985, pageEnd=991, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[89], rfOrder=88, authorNames=Lisowski C, Quetting M, Klaus D, journalName=Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Lisowski C, Quetting M, Klaus D, et al . Homing pigeon navigation relies on superparamagnetic macrophages under overcast conditions[J]. Science, 2026, 392(6801): 985-991., articleTitle=Homing pigeon navigation relies on superparamagnetic macrophages under overcast conditions, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1296828807227400520, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=73, issue=1, pageStart=45, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[90], rfOrder=89, authorNames=Yang Y Y, Hulot G, Vigneron P, journalName=Earth, Planets and Space, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yang Y Y, Hulot G, Vigneron P, et al. The CSES global geomagnetic field model (CGGM): An IGRF−type global geomagnetic field model based on data from the China Seismo−Electromagnetic Satellite[J]. Earth, Planets and Space, 2021, 73(1): 45., articleTitle=The CSES global geomagnetic field model (CGGM): An IGRF−type global geomagnetic field model based on data from the China Seismo−Electromagnetic Satellite, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1296828807311286601, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=17, issue=2, pageStart=210, pageEnd=217, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[91], rfOrder=90, authorNames=Ren H L, Kazanzides P, journalName=IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ren H L, Kazanzides P. Investigation of attitude tracking using an integrated inertial and magnetic navigation system for hand−held surgical instruments[J]. IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics, 2012, 17(2): 210-217., articleTitle=Investigation of attitude tracking using an integrated inertial and magnetic navigation system for hand−held surgical instruments, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1296828807370006859, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=67, issue=11, pageStart=10583, pageEnd=10589, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[92], rfOrder=91, authorNames=Qi X K, Chen L, An K, journalName=IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Qi X K, Chen L, An K, et al . Bioinspired in−grid navigation and positioning based on an artificially established magnetic gradient[J]. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 2018, 67(11): 10583-10589., articleTitle=Bioinspired in−grid navigation and positioning based on an artificially established magnetic gradient, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1296828807432921420, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=24, issue=9, pageStart=15156, pageEnd=15166, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[93], rfOrder=92, authorNames=Huang C, Hendeby G, Fourati H, journalName=IEEE Sensors Journal, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Huang C, Hendeby G, Fourati H, et al. MAINS: A magnetic-field-aided inertial navigation system for indoor positioning[J]. IEEE Sensors Journal, 2024, 24(9): 15156-15166., articleTitle=MAINS: A magnetic-field-aided inertial navigation system for indoor positioning, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1296828807487447373, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1971, volume=34, issue=1, pageStart=171, pageEnd=175, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[94], rfOrder=93, authorNames=O'Keefe J, Dostrovsky J, journalName=Brain Research, refType=null, unstructuredReference=O'Keefe J, Dostrovsky J. The hippocampus as a spatial map. Preliminary evidence from unit activity in the freely−moving rat[J]. Brain Research, 1971, 34(1): 171-175., articleTitle=The hippocampus as a spatial map. Preliminary evidence from unit activity in the freely−moving rat, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1296828807541973326, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2005, volume=436, issue=7052, pageStart=801, pageEnd=806, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[95], rfOrder=94, authorNames=Hafting T, Fyhn M, Molden S, journalName=Nature, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Hafting T, Fyhn M, Molden S, et al. Microstructure of a spatial map in the entorhinal cortex[J]. Nature, 2005, 436(7052): 801-806., articleTitle=Microstructure of a spatial map in the entorhinal cortex, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1296828807604887887, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[96], rfOrder=95, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Nobel Prize Outreach AB. The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2014[EB/OL]. [2026−06−01]. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2014/press-release,2014−10−06., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1296828807676191056, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=557, issue=7705, pageStart=429, pageEnd=433, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[97], rfOrder=96, authorNames=Banino A, Barry C, Uria B, journalName=Nature, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Banino A, Barry C, Uria B, et al. Vector−based navigation using grid−like representations in artificial agents[J]. Nature, 2018, 557(7705): 429-433., articleTitle=Vector−based navigation using grid−like representations in artificial agents, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1296828807755882833, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=635, issue=8040, pageStart=943, pageEnd=950, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[98], rfOrder=97, authorNames=Wen J H, Sorscher B, Jones Aery E A, journalName=Nature, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wen J H, Sorscher B, Jones Aery E A, et al. One−shot entorhinal maps enable flexible navigation in novel environments[J]. Nature, 2024, 635(8040): 943-950., articleTitle=One−shot entorhinal maps enable flexible navigation in novel environments, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1296828807839768914, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=222, issue=Suppl 1, pageStart=jeb188854, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[99], rfOrder=98, authorNames=Honkanen A, Adden A, da Silva Freitas J, journalName=Journal of Experimental Biology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Honkanen A, Adden A, da Silva Freitas J, et al . The insect central complex and the neural basis of navigational strategies[J]. Journal of Experimental Biology, 2019, 222(Suppl 1): jeb188854., articleTitle=The insect central complex and the neural basis of navigational strategies, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1296828807898489171, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=7, issue=67, pageStart=eabl6334, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[100], rfOrder=99, authorNames=de Croon G C H E, Dupeyroux J J G, Fuller S B, journalName=Science Robotics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=de Croon G C H E, Dupeyroux J J G, Fuller S B, et al. Insect−inspired AI for autonomous robots[J]. Science Robotics, 2022, 7(67): eabl6334., articleTitle=Insect−inspired AI for autonomous robots, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1296828807982375252, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=8, issue=78, pageStart=eabm6996, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[101], rfOrder=100, authorNames=Yu F W, Wu Y J, Ma S C, journalName=Science Robotics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yu F W, Wu Y J, Ma S C, et al. Brain−inspired multimodal hybrid neural network for robot place recognition[J]. Science Robotics, 2023, 8(78): eabm6996., articleTitle=Brain−inspired multimodal hybrid neural network for robot place recognition, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1296828808041095509, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=9, issue=90, pageStart=eadi0591, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[102], rfOrder=101, authorNames=Paredes−Vallés F, Hagenaars J J, Dupeyroux J, journalName=Science Robotics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Paredes−Vallés F, Hagenaars J J, Dupeyroux J, et al. Fully neuromorphic vision and control for autonomous drone flight[J]. Science Robotics, 2024, 9(90): eadi0591., articleTitle=Fully neuromorphic vision and control for autonomous drone flight, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1296828808120787286, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=15, issue=null, pageStart=4671, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[103], rfOrder=102, authorNames=Wang S B, Gao S, Tang C Y, journalName=Nature Communications, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang S B, Gao S, Tang C Y, et al. Memristor−based adaptive neuromorphic perception in unstructured environments[J]. Nature Communications, 2024, 15: 4671., articleTitle=Memristor−based adaptive neuromorphic perception in unstructured environments, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1296828808204673367, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=109, issue=Suppl 1, pageStart=10693, pageEnd=10700, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[104], rfOrder=103, authorNames=Jacobs L F, journalName=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Jacobs L F. From chemotaxis to the cognitive map: The function of olfaction[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2012, 109(Suppl 1): 10693-10700., articleTitle=From chemotaxis to the cognitive map: The function of olfaction, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1296828808275976536, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1994, volume=91, issue=10, pageStart=4288, pageEnd=4292, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[105], rfOrder=104, authorNames=Nevitt G A, Dittman A H, Quinn T P, journalName=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Nevitt G A, Dittman A H, Quinn T P, et al . Evidence for a peripheral olfactory memory in imprinted salmon[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 1994, 91(10): 4288-4292., articleTitle=Evidence for a peripheral olfactory memory in imprinted salmon, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1296828808359862617, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2008, volume=454, issue=7200, pageStart=114, pageEnd=117, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[106], rfOrder=105, authorNames=Suzuki H, Thiele T R, Faumont S, journalName=Nature, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Suzuki H, Thiele T R, Faumont S, et al. Functional asymmetry in Caenorhabditis elegans taste neurons and its computational role in chemotaxis[J]. Nature, 2008, 454(7200): 114-117., articleTitle=Functional asymmetry in Caenorhabditis elegans taste neurons and its computational role in chemotaxis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1296828808460525914, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=82, issue=5, pageStart=1115, pageEnd=1128, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[107], rfOrder=106, authorNames=Luo L J, Wen Q, Ren J, journalName=Neuron, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Luo L J, Wen Q, Ren J, et al. Dynamic encoding of perception, memory, and movement in a C. elegans chemotaxis circuit[J]. Neuron, 2014, 82(5): 1115-1128., articleTitle=Dynamic encoding of perception, memory, and movement in a C. elegans chemotaxis circuit, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1296828808531829083, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2007, volume=445, issue=7126, pageStart=406, pageEnd=409, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[108], rfOrder=107, authorNames=Vergassola M, Villermaux E, Shraiman B I, journalName=Nature, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Vergassola M, Villermaux E, Shraiman B I. 'Infotaxis' as a strategy for searching without gradients[J]. Nature, 2007, 445(7126): 406-409., articleTitle='Infotaxis' as a strategy for searching without gradients, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1296828808619909468, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=5, issue=1, pageStart=58, pageEnd=70, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[109], rfOrder=108, authorNames=Singh S H, van Breugel F, Rao R P N, journalName=Nature Machine Intelligence, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Singh S H, van Breugel F, Rao R P N, et al . Emergent behaviour and neural dynamics in artificial agents tracking odour plumes[J]. Nature Machine Intelligence, 2023, 5(1): 58-70., articleTitle=Emergent behaviour and neural dynamics in artificial agents tracking odour plumes, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1296828808720572765, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2008, volume=105, issue=25, pageStart=8491, pageEnd=8498, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[110], rfOrder=109, authorNames=Ulanovsky N, Moss C F, journalName=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ulanovsky N, Moss C F. What the bat's voice tells the bat's brain[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2008, 105(25): 8491-8498., articleTitle=What the bat's voice tells the bat's brain, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1296828808825430366, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=117, issue=3, pageStart=1367, pageEnd=1374, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[111], rfOrder=110, authorNames=Simon R, Rupitsch S, Baumann M, journalName=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Simon R, Rupitsch S, Baumann M, et al. Bioinspired sonar reflectors as guiding beacons for autonomous navigation[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2020, 117(3): 1367-1374., articleTitle=Bioinspired sonar reflectors as guiding beacons for autonomous navigation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1296828808896733535, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=40, issue=null, pageStart=4544, pageEnd=4560, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[112], rfOrder=111, authorNames=Harlow K, Jang H, Barfoot T D, journalName=IEEE Transactions on Robotics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Harlow K, Jang H, Barfoot T D, et al. A new wave in robotics: Survey on recent MmWave radar applications in robotics[J]. IEEE Transactions on Robotics, 2024, 40: 4544-4560., articleTitle=A new wave in robotics: Survey on recent MmWave radar applications in robotics, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1296828808980619616, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2005, volume=22, issue=4, pageStart=70, pageEnd=84, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[113], rfOrder=112, authorNames=Gezici S, Tian Z, Giannakis G B, journalName=IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Gezici S, Tian Z, Giannakis G B, et al. Localization via ultra−wideband radios: A look at positioning aspects for future sensor networks[J]. IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, 2005, 22(4): 70-84., articleTitle=Localization via ultra−wideband radios: A look at positioning aspects for future sensor networks, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1296828809081282913, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2009, volume=97, issue=2, pageStart=427, pageEnd=450, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[114], rfOrder=113, authorNames=Wymeersch H, Lien J, Win M Z, journalName=Proceedings of the IEEE, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wymeersch H, Lien J, Win M Z. . Cooperative localization in wireless networks[J]. Proceedings of the IEEE, 2009, 97(2): 427-450., articleTitle=Cooperative localization in wireless networks, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1296828809152586082, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=19, issue=2, pageStart=1327, pageEnd=1346, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[115], rfOrder=114, authorNames=Yassin A, Nasser Y, Awad M, journalName=IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yassin A, Nasser Y, Awad M, et al. Recent advances in indoor localization: A survey on theoretical approaches and applications[J]. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 2017, 19(2): 1327-1346., articleTitle=Recent advances in indoor localization: A survey on theoretical approaches and applications, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1296828809211306339, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=65, issue=3, pageStart=131301, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[116], rfOrder=115, authorNames=Xiao Z Q, Zeng Y, journalName=Science China Information Sciences, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Xiao Z Q, Zeng Y. An overview on integrated localization and communication towards 6G[J]. Science China Information Sciences, 2021, 65(3): 131301., articleTitle=An overview on integrated localization and communication towards 6G, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1296828809316163940, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=112, issue=7, pageStart=676, pageEnd=723, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[117], rfOrder=116, authorNames=González−Prelcic N, Keskin Furkan M, Kaltiokallio O, journalName=Proceedings of the IEEE, refType=null, unstructuredReference=González−Prelcic N, Keskin Furkan M, Kaltiokallio O, et al. The integrated sensing and communication revolution for 6G: Vision, techniques, and applications[J]. Proceedings of the IEEE, 2024, 112(7): 676-723., articleTitle=The integrated sensing and communication revolution for 6G: Vision, techniques, and applications, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1296828799979643115, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, awardId=ZYGXQNJSKYCXNLZCXM−I2, language=CN, fundingSource=中央高校青年教师科研创新能力支持项目(ZYGXQNJSKYCXNLZCXM−I2), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1296828800067723500, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, awardId=T2422001, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金项目(T2422001), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1296828800151609581, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, awardId=624B2014, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金项目(624B2014), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1296828800231301358, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, awardId=62227813, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金项目(62227813), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1296828795319771327, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1296828795340742848, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, companyId=1296828795319771327, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Institute of Aerospace Bionic Intelligence, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1296828795349131457, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, companyId=1296828795319771327, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1北京航空航天大学空天仿生智能研究院,北京 100191)]), AuthorCompany(id=1296828795441406146, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1296828795449794755, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, companyId=1296828795441406146, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio−inspired Intelligent Technology of Unmanned System, Beijing 100191, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1296828795458183364, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, companyId=1296828795441406146, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2无人系统仿生智能技术北京市重点实验室,北京 100191)]), AuthorCompany(id=1296828795529486533, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1296828795537875142, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, companyId=1296828795529486533, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3Hangzhou International Innovation Institute, Beihang University, Hangzhou 311115, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1296828795550458055, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, companyId=1296828795529486533, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3北京航空航天大学国际创新学院,杭州 311115)])], figs=null, attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1125356956822126595, delFlag=0, nameCn=科技导报, nameEn=Science & Technology Review, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=1000-7857, eissn=, cn=11-1421/N, coden=null, periodic=3, language=CN, oaType=0, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=wfghvu3bhh/dKxuZ+ucVHA==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=Sci Technol Rev, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=null, updatedTime=1788948767789, createdBy=null, updatedBy=13041195026, firstLetterCn=K, firstLetterEn=K, subjectCode=Multidisciplinary, subjectName=自然科学, subjectCodeEn=Multidisciplinary, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=wfghvu3bhh/dKxuZ+ucVHA==, picEn=yjSfclmpNm7ihn9NbTZ69g==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1304508939635282786, language=CN, name=科技导报, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=中国科学技术协会, sponsoredBy=中国科学技术协会, publishedBy=科技导报社, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=http://www.kjdb.org/CN/home, createdTime=1788948767813, updatedTime=1788948767813, createdBy=13041195026, updatedBy=13041195026, submissionGuidelinesUrl=http://www.kjdb.org/CN/column/column7.shtml, submissionAuthorUrl=https://kjdbauthor.cast.org.cn/webm, submissionEditorUrl=https://kjdbeditor.cast.org.cn/webm/, submissionReviewUrl=https://kjdbauthor.cast.org.cn/webm, submissionCeEditorUrl=https://kjdbeditor.cast.org.cn/webm/, submissionAeEditorUrl=https://kjdbeditor.cast.org.cn/webm/, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1304508939694003043, language=EN, name=Science & Technology Review, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=http://www.kjdb.org/EN/home, createdTime=1788948767827, updatedTime=1788948767827, createdBy=13041195026, updatedBy=13041195026, submissionGuidelinesUrl=http://www.kjdb.org/EN/column/column7.shtml, submissionAuthorUrl=https://kjdbauthor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, submissionEditorUrl=https://kjdbeditor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, submissionReviewUrl=https://kjdbauthor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, submissionCeEditorUrl=https://kjdbeditor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, submissionAeEditorUrl=https://kjdbeditor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1146031591421210625, websiteList=[Website(id=1146104741081231361, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1146031591421210625, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdbold/CN, language=CHT, createTime=1751182263881, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1778563538782, updateBy=18614031015, name=科技导报, tplId=1260949628132966587, title=科技导报, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1148021146403992296, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1146104741081231361, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1751639170504, updateTime=1751639170504, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1148021146378826469, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1146104741081231361, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1751639170498, updateTime=1751639170498, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1148021146366243556, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1146104741081231361, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic?fileId=9GHSf7eGlIPH0Tv/OOdstA==, createTime=1751639170495, updateTime=1751639170495, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1148021146395603687, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1146104741081231361, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic, createTime=1751639170502, updateTime=1751639170502, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1148021146387215078, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1146104741081231361, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1751639170500, updateTime=1751639170500, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1146105254833139715, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1146031591421210625, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdbold/EN, language=CHT, createTime=1751182386363, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1776048495217, updateBy=18614031015, name=科技导报, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Science & Technology Review, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1155838567709528217, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1146105254833139715, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1753502988984, updateTime=1753502988984, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155838567692750998, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1146105254833139715, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1753502988980, updateTime=1753502988980, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155838567688556693, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1146105254833139715, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/EN/file/pic?fileId=9GHSf7eGlIPH0Tv/OOdstA==, createTime=1753502988979, updateTime=1753502988979, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155838567705333912, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1146105254833139715, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/EN/file/pic, createTime=1753502988983, updateTime=1753502988983, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155838567701139607, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1146105254833139715, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1753502988982, updateTime=1753502988982, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1242135128537874442, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1146031591421210625, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN, language=CN, createTime=1774077692406, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1776048481053, updateBy=18614031015, name=科技导报other, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=科技导报, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1242918134445884174, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1242135128537874442, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1774264375554, updateTime=1774264375554, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1242918134424912651, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1242135128537874442, code=banner, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic?fileId=DdYjdDiJ8taFWepWGZ5jQw==, createTime=1774264375549, updateTime=1774264375549, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1242918134466855697, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1242135128537874442, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1774264375559, updateTime=1774264375559, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1242918134412329738, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1242135128537874442, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic?fileId=SJqiJew4WTXky9kn2Wushw==, createTime=1774264375546, updateTime=1774264375546, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1242918134479438611, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1242135128537874442, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1774264375562, updateTime=1774264375562, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1242918134441689869, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1242135128537874442, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic, createTime=1774264375553, updateTime=1774264375553, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1242918134471050002, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1242135128537874442, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1774264375560, updateTime=1774264375560, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1242918134433301260, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1242135128537874442, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1774264375551, updateTime=1774264375551, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1242918134454272783, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1242135128537874442, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1774264375556, updateTime=1774264375556, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1242918134458467088, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1242135128537874442, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1774264375557, updateTime=1774264375557, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1242172063583088667, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1146031591421210625, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/EN, language=EN, createTime=1774086498408, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1776333765238, updateBy=18614031015, name=科技导报others, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Science & Technology Review, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1242176044736803639, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1242172063583088667, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1774087447580, updateTime=1774087447580, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1242176044715832116, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1242172063583088667, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1774087447575, updateTime=1774087447575, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1242176044766163770, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1242172063583088667, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1774087447587, updateTime=1774087447587, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1242176044703249203, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1242172063583088667, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/EN/file/pic?fileId=9GHSf7eGlIPH0Tv/OOdstA==, createTime=1774087447572, updateTime=1774087447572, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1242176044778746684, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1242172063583088667, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1774087447590, updateTime=1774087447590, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1242176044728415030, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1242172063583088667, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/EN/file/pic, createTime=1774087447578, updateTime=1774087447578, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1242176044770358075, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1242172063583088667, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1774087447588, updateTime=1774087447588, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1242176044724220725, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1242172063583088667, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1774087447577, updateTime=1774087447577, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1242176044749386552, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1242172063583088667, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1774087447583, updateTime=1774087447583, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1242176044757775161, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1242172063583088667, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1774087447585, updateTime=1774087447585, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=科技导报, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=null, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Science & Technology Review, journalPhotoCn=wfghvu3bhh/dKxuZ+ucVHA==, journalPhotoEn=yjSfclmpNm7ihn9NbTZ69g==, journalFirstLetter=K, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=1, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=0.91, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false, interPubPlatform=, interPubPlatformUrl=null), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2026.07.00004, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/EN/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2026.07.00004, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/PDF/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2026.07.00004, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/EN/PDF/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2026.07.00004, aliStartDate=0, aliEndDate=0, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, previewStatus=0, delFlag=0, hasFullText=1, orderTime=1785168000000, fullTextJson=null, articleText=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
仿生导航——破解“鸟”工智能的奥秘
收藏切换
PDF下载
杨健 1, 2, 3 , 张腾 1, 2 , 乔建忠 1, 2 , 郭雷 1, 2, *
科技导报 | 特色专题 2026,44(14): 120-131
收起
收藏切换
科技导报 |特色专题 2026 , 44 (14) : 120 -131
仿生导航——破解“鸟”工智能的奥秘
全屏
[Author(id=1296828795634344137, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=jyang_buaa@buaa.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1296828795730813133, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, authorId=1296828795634344137, language=EN, stringName=Jian YANG, firstName=Jian, middleName=null, lastName=YANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, 3, address=1Institute of Aerospace Bionic Intelligence, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
2Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio−inspired Intelligent Technology of Unmanned System, Beijing 100191, China
3Hangzhou International Innovation Institute, Beihang University, Hangzhou 311115, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1296828795802116302, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, authorId=1296828795634344137, language=CN, stringName=杨健, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, 3, address=1北京航空航天大学空天仿生智能研究院,北京 100191
2无人系统仿生智能技术北京市重点实验室,北京 100191
3北京航空航天大学国际创新学院,杭州 311115, bio={"content":"

杨健,教授,研究方向为无人系统仿复眼自主导航理论与应用,电子信箱:

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

杨健,教授,研究方向为无人系统仿复眼自主导航理论与应用,电子信箱:

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1296828795319771327, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1296828795340742848, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, companyId=1296828795319771327, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Institute of Aerospace Bionic Intelligence, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1296828795349131457, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, companyId=1296828795319771327, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1北京航空航天大学空天仿生智能研究院,北京 100191)]), AuthorCompany(id=1296828795441406146, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1296828795449794755, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, companyId=1296828795441406146, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio−inspired Intelligent Technology of Unmanned System, Beijing 100191, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1296828795458183364, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, companyId=1296828795441406146, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2无人系统仿生智能技术北京市重点实验室,北京 100191)]), AuthorCompany(id=1296828795529486533, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1296828795537875142, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, companyId=1296828795529486533, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3Hangzhou International Innovation Institute, Beihang University, Hangzhou 311115, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1296828795550458055, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, companyId=1296828795529486533, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3北京航空航天大学国际创新学院,杭州 311115)])]), Author(id=1296828795881808080, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1296828796024414419, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, authorId=1296828795881808080, language=EN, stringName=Teng ZHANG, firstName=Teng, middleName=null, lastName=ZHANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1Institute of Aerospace Bionic Intelligence, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
2Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio−inspired Intelligent Technology of Unmanned System, Beijing 100191, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1296828796095717588, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, authorId=1296828795881808080, language=CN, stringName=张腾, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1北京航空航天大学空天仿生智能研究院,北京 100191
2无人系统仿生智能技术北京市重点实验室,北京 100191, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1296828795319771327, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1296828795340742848, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, companyId=1296828795319771327, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Institute of Aerospace Bionic Intelligence, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1296828795349131457, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, companyId=1296828795319771327, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1北京航空航天大学空天仿生智能研究院,北京 100191)]), AuthorCompany(id=1296828795441406146, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1296828795449794755, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, companyId=1296828795441406146, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio−inspired Intelligent Technology of Unmanned System, Beijing 100191, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1296828795458183364, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, companyId=1296828795441406146, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2无人系统仿生智能技术北京市重点实验室,北京 100191)])]), Author(id=1296828796187992278, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1296828796301238489, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, authorId=1296828796187992278, language=EN, stringName=Jianzhong QIAO, firstName=Jianzhong, middleName=null, lastName=QIAO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1Institute of Aerospace Bionic Intelligence, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
2Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio−inspired Intelligent Technology of Unmanned System, Beijing 100191, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1296828796364153050, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, authorId=1296828796187992278, language=CN, stringName=乔建忠, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1北京航空航天大学空天仿生智能研究院,北京 100191
2无人系统仿生智能技术北京市重点实验室,北京 100191, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1296828795319771327, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1296828795340742848, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, companyId=1296828795319771327, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Institute of Aerospace Bionic Intelligence, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1296828795349131457, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, companyId=1296828795319771327, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1北京航空航天大学空天仿生智能研究院,北京 100191)]), AuthorCompany(id=1296828795441406146, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1296828795449794755, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, companyId=1296828795441406146, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio−inspired Intelligent Technology of Unmanned System, Beijing 100191, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1296828795458183364, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, companyId=1296828795441406146, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2无人系统仿生智能技术北京市重点实验室,北京 100191)])]), Author(id=1296828796448039132, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=lguo@buaa.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1296828796540313823, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, authorId=1296828796448039132, language=EN, stringName=Lei GUO, firstName=Lei, middleName=null, lastName=GUO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, *, address=1Institute of Aerospace Bionic Intelligence, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
2Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio−inspired Intelligent Technology of Unmanned System, Beijing 100191, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1296828796611616992, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, authorId=1296828796448039132, language=CN, stringName=郭雷, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, *, address=1北京航空航天大学空天仿生智能研究院,北京 100191
2无人系统仿生智能技术北京市重点实验室,北京 100191, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1296828795319771327, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1296828795340742848, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, companyId=1296828795319771327, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Institute of Aerospace Bionic Intelligence, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1296828795349131457, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, companyId=1296828795319771327, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1北京航空航天大学空天仿生智能研究院,北京 100191)]), AuthorCompany(id=1296828795441406146, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1296828795449794755, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, companyId=1296828795441406146, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio−inspired Intelligent Technology of Unmanned System, Beijing 100191, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1296828795458183364, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296828792836743356, companyId=1296828795441406146, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2无人系统仿生智能技术北京市重点实验室,北京 100191)])])]
杨健1, 2, 3 , 张腾1, 2, 乔建忠1, 2, 郭雷1, 2, *
作者信息
  • 1北京航空航天大学空天仿生智能研究院,北京 100191
  • 2无人系统仿生智能技术北京市重点实验室,北京 100191
  • 3北京航空航天大学国际创新学院,杭州 311115
通讯作者:
郭雷(通信作者),教授,中国科学院院士,研究方向为抗干扰控制理论与应用,电子信箱:
作者简介:

杨健,教授,研究方向为无人系统仿复眼自主导航理论与应用,电子信箱:

Bio−inspired navigation−cracking the mystery behind "bird" intelligence
Jian YANG1, 2, 3 , Teng ZHANG1, 2, Jianzhong QIAO1, 2, Lei GUO1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1Institute of Aerospace Bionic Intelligence, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
  • 2Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio−inspired Intelligent Technology of Unmanned System, Beijing 100191, China
  • 3Hangzhou International Innovation Institute, Beihang University, Hangzhou 311115, China
出版时间: 2026-07-28 doi: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2026.07.00004
文章导航
收藏切换

仿生导航是仿生智能赋能无人系统自主感知与高效导航能力的重要体现,其通过模拟生物空间、环境和目标等信息感知、获取、融合及应用过程,为突破干扰对抗环境下无人系统自主导航瓶颈提供了新的理论思路和技术途径,已成为信息科学、仿生学与仪器仪表等多学科交叉融合的前沿研究方向。从仿生智能系统的概念和功能出发,阐述了仿生导航的研究内涵与体系结构,系统综述了惯性导航、视觉导航、偏振导航、地磁导航等典型仿生导航技术的研究进展,重点分析了各类导航技术仿生机理、信息感知机制和技术实现形式,并从神经赋能的智能运动信息估计(方法)、类生物器官协同感知的智能导航硬件(系统)和具有不确定干扰适应能力的仿生智能导航(行为)3个层面展望了未来发展趋势,为新一代自主导航技术的发展提供参考。

仿生智能  /  仿生导航  /  智能感知  /  惯性导航  /  偏振导航

Bio−inspired navigation is an important embodiment of bio−inspired intelligence that empowers autonomous perception and efficient navigation in unmanned systems. By mimicking the processes of biological systems in perceiving, acquiring, integrating, and utilizing spatial, environmental, and target−related information, bio−inspired navigation provides new theoretical insights and technical approaches for overcoming the bottlenecks of autonomous navigation in interference and adversarial environments. It has become a frontier research direction involving the interdisciplinary integration of information science, bionics, and instrumentation engineering. Starting from the concepts and functions of bio−inspired intelligent systems, this paper elaborates on the research connotation and architectural framework of bio−inspired navigation. The research progress of representative bio−inspired navigation technologies, including inertial navigation, visual navigation, polarization navigation, and geomagnetic navigation, is systematically reviewed. The bio−inspired mechanisms, information perception mechanisms, and technological implementation forms of different navigation approaches are analyzed in detail. Furthermore, the future development trends of bio−inspired navigation are discussed from three perspectives: neural−enabled intelligent motion information estimation (method), intelligent navigation hardware based on bio−like organ collaborative perception (system), and bio−inspired intelligent navigation with adaptive capabilities against uncertain interference (behavior). This review provides references for the development of next−generation autonomous navigation technologies.

bio−inspired intelligence  /  bio−inspired navigation  /  intelligent sensing  /  inertial navigation  /  polarization navigation
杨健, 张腾, 乔建忠, 郭雷. 仿生导航——破解“鸟”工智能的奥秘. 科技导报, 2026 , 44 (14) : 120 -131 . DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2026.07.00004
Jian YANG, Teng ZHANG, Jianzhong QIAO, Lei GUO. Bio−inspired navigation−cracking the mystery behind "bird" intelligence[J]. Science & Technology Review, 2026 , 44 (14) : 120 -131 . DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2026.07.00004
物竞天择,适者生存。自然界生物具备高超的空间运动信息、环境信息及目标信息的感知与融合能力。蚂蚁、蜜蜂、候鸟、蝙蝠等生物可以通过一种或多种感知方式,完成觅食、捕捉、归巢、迁徙等精巧、高效、可靠、灵活的复杂生存任务[13]。这些生物不具备发达的大脑,在优胜劣汰的自然法则下,它们形成了对周围环境高超的“感知”“认知”“控制”和“适应”能力,在某些领域展现出远超人类的感知和生存能力。生物在亿万年进化过程中形成的具有高度自主性、环境适应性及抗干扰能力的组织器官和感知系统,成为人类在信息科学和智能科学领域不断突破自我、实现科技创新的重要源泉,并长期受到信息科学、生物科学、人工智能等领域科学家的广泛关注与深入研究[46]
仿生智能通过模仿生物运动机理进行运动信息解译和交互的过程,赋予无人系统类生物的生存适应、对抗博弈与持续演化能力,具有安全、绿色和进化等典型特征,是现有的计算智能、具身智能等“人”工智能发展阶段向泛生物智能阶段的发展和升级[7]。作为仿生智能领域中信息感知能力的重要内涵,仿生导航通过借鉴生物对空间信息、环境特征以及目标信息的感知、匹配和融合策略,实现对位置、姿态、速度等空间运动信息的自主感知、认知与决策,逐步发展成为仿生智能在空间认知与运动智能领域的重要研究方向[89]
仿生导航通过模拟生物“感知−认知−决策−行为”的信息处理机制,实现对无人系统“神经−器官/组织/系统−行为”一体化赋能,赋予其在复杂动态与对抗环境中的自主感知、自主决策、自主适应和持续进化能力,为提高危险、极端、特殊、恶劣等复杂环境下无人系统导航自主性、精确性、适应性提供了新的解决途径。
生物对位置、姿态、速度等空间运动信息的获取与利用本质上是一个复杂的信息智能处理过程,涉及多种感知器官对环境信息和运动信息的协同获取,以及神经系统对多源信息的编码、表征、融合与决策。通过感知器官、神经网络与行为系统之间的协同作用,生物能够根据环境变化动态调整运动策略,从而表现出优异的环境适应能力、导航鲁棒性和自主生存能力[10]
生物的导航过程需要时刻测量距离及方向,不同生物获得导航信息的方式各不相同[11]。一般来说,生物完成导航包括2个相对独立的过程,一是确定自身和目标位置,以及自身与目标位置之间的关系,这实际上是一个自主定位、目标识别、任务规划和相对测量的过程;二是利用自身或者外部的信息确定自身的姿态和目标的方向,这隐含着姿态确定和目标跟踪的过程。
近年来,随着生物导航机制研究的不断深入,科学家在行为学、解剖学、神经科学等层面取得了长足进展,对生物导航的感知机制、信息处理过程及行为调控规律形成了更加系统的认识[1213]。从早期生物导航行为观测到神经环路解析,再到类生物传感器与仿生导航系统的研制,相关研究逐步实现了从现象认知、机理揭示到工程应用的跨越式发展。总之,动物导航定位机制的解析、建模与工程验证正不断推进,为复杂环境下自主导航理论创新与技术发展提供了重要生物学启示和方法支撑。当前,基于生物启发的仿生惯性、仿生视觉、仿生偏振、仿生地磁等导航方式具有自主性、自适应性、自重构性、自抗扰性等特点,逐渐成为导航领域的研究热点[1415]。本文将对典型仿生导航技术的发展现状与未来趋势进行系统综述。
惯性导航是生物体依托内源性自运动信息实现自主定向与定位的重要导航方式。1873年,Darwin[16]提出生物通过路径积分导航的假说。同年,Murphy[17]对该路径积分概念进行了阐释,将其类比为一种机械过程,认为路径积分本质上是生物利用惯性信号实现空间定位的过程。从行为实现看,生物惯性导航并不是单一器官的被动感知,而是由运动感知、神经编码、时空积分以及误差校正等环节协同实现的连续过程。脊椎生物通过前庭感觉器官感受角加速度和线加速度的变化,该器官普遍被认为具有维持自身姿态平衡的作用[18];昆虫可利用平衡棒、触角等机械感受结构感知机体旋转与气流扰动[19],飞蛾等生物利用触须来感受自身的旋转与平衡保持[20],甲壳生物的平衡囊类结构则可提供重力和姿态参考。生物的脑内空间表征系统将这些自运动线索与视觉光流、本体感觉和运动副本共同融合,形成当前位置、航向以及指向目标位置的回巢向量等空间表征信息。即使在黑暗、遮挡或地标变化条件下,这种内部更新仍可支撑生物完成短程归巢和姿态控制[2122]。因此,生物惯性导航的核心不只是感知惯性量,而是一整套将运动感知信息转化为空间状态估计与行为决策的闭环过程。
惯性导航是生物在外部标志不足时维持空间定位、姿态稳定和实现归巢行为的基础机制。当蜜蜂、蜻蜓等昆虫自身姿态发生变化时,平衡棒、触角等器官可以作为导航传感器,实时感知哥氏力信息并传递至头部神经细胞进行信息提取与处理,从而实现导航控制与飞行姿态平衡。相关研究表明,不同物种“惯性敏感”结构虽形态各异,但功能目标具有一致性,例如,昆虫的平衡棒常被视为具有交替振动特性的生物陀螺仪,可通过产生陀螺效应感知机体运动状态,帮助其调节纵向与水平方向的平衡[2324];飞蛾等生物的触须也可以看作是一种陀螺仪,其往往用于感知自身的旋转[25];此外,甲壳生物和鱼类的传入神经末梢具有角加速度敏感特性,被认为是三维空间路径积分的可能输入信息[26];而虾的平衡囊器官被认为具有惯性敏感能力,可感知重力信息平衡自身姿态[27]。近年来,研究人员将关注点从“惯性信息来自哪里”扩展到“神经系统如何编码、预测与校准”,Mackrous等[28]发现,灵长类前庭传入纤维在主动和被动运动中均能稳定编码头部运动,外周前庭系统主要提供相对可靠的自运动输入。Zobeiri等[29]进一步发现,小脑浦肯野细胞整合感觉输入和运动相关信号,预测主动运动造成的前庭后果,从而区分自身动作与外界扰动。
受生物惯性导航机制启发,研究人员相继发展了多种仿生惯性感知器件和导航系统[3032]。其中,微机电系统(micro−electro−mechanical system,MEMS)陀螺凭借体积小、功耗低、成本低和易集成等优势,已广泛应用于消费电子、机器人和无人系统等领域。光纤陀螺(fiber optic gyroscope,FOG)和激光陀螺(ring laser gyroscope,RLG)则凭借高精度、高稳定性和高可靠性,成为航空航天及高端惯性导航系统的重要组成部分[33]。随着长航时自主导航对惯性器件精度、稳定性和长期漂移特性要求的不断提升,以原子干涉陀螺、原子自旋陀螺为代表的量子惯性传感器,及以半球谐振陀螺为代表的新型高性能惯性器件,已成为惯性导航领域的重要发展方向和研究热点[3435]
仿生视觉导航通过模拟昆虫复眼、鸟类视觉系统等生物视觉感知与信息处理机制,实现环境感知、运动估计和自主导航功能。典型代表包括同步定位与地图构建(simultaneous localization and mapping, SLAM)、光流导航、多光谱导航等。
SLAM本质在于通过工程化方式模拟生物海马体认知地图构建、路径积分自定位以及记忆驱动环境校正等空间认知机制,实现自主定位与环境建模。相关研究表明,昆虫与啮齿类生物在神经资源有限条件下仍能够完成高效空间导航,表明其主要依赖于高效编码、稀疏表征与低维认知地图机制,为轻量化SLAM设计提供了重要启示[36]。Milford等[37]提出了RatSLAM系统,将单目视觉、连续吸引子网络和场景记忆机制相结合,实现了仿生路径积分与回环校正。Struckmeier等[38]进一步提出ViTa−SLAM,将视觉与触觉信息融合,引入多模态感知机制以提升环境辨识能力。Zhuang等[39]构建边界细胞、位置细胞和头方向细胞模型,实现了基于类脑空间表征的自主定位。Safa等[40]将事件相机、毫米波雷达与脉冲神经网络相结合,通过STDP在线学习实现地图更新与回环检测。此外,事件相机等神经形态视觉器件的发展进一步提升了SLAM系统的动态响应性能和计算能效,为高速自主导航提供了新的技术支撑[41]。从仿生导航视角来看,SLAM的发展目标已不仅局限于高精度地图重建,借鉴生物空间认知系统,通过路径积分、认知地图、地标记忆和多模态信息融合等机制,实现环境认知与自主导航能力的有机统一。未来,随着神经形态感知、类脑计算和自主学习技术的发展,SLAM有望进一步突破传统几何建图框架,向具备认知推理、长期记忆和环境适应能力的类脑导航系统演进。
光流导航主要借鉴生物视觉运动感知机制,通过分析视野中的光流场变化实现运动估计与行为控制。蜜蜂可通过感知光流场变化实现速度估计、着陆与姿态控制等功能;鹦鹉与蜘蛛等生物利用光流信息完成空间导航任务[4243]。近年来,围绕仿生光流导航的工程实现,研究者开展了广泛探索:Chao等[44]综述了光流技术在机器人导航中的应用,对不同的光流导航方案进行了详细的比较;Pan等[45]受昆虫视觉导航机制启发,设计了一种具有线性和旋转不变性的图像光流特征提取方法,并提出了基于光流路标匹配的辅助导航策略;Floreano等[46]设计了微型曲面人工复眼,通过计算光流矢量,测试了复眼的运动检测能力;Mauss等[47]讨论了昆虫如何处理视觉运动线索以实施飞行控制,以及其中涉及的潜在神经机制;Strydom等[48]利用光流和立体视觉实现四旋翼无人机的位置估计与控制;Sanket等[49]提出PRGFlow方法,通过深度学习估计全局光流,并与惯性测量单元(inertial measurement unit,IMU)及高度计融合实现6自由度位姿估计。光流导航通过直接利用视觉运动场信息实现自运动感知与行为调控,在无需显式建图的条件下即可完成速度估计、避障与姿态控制等任务,具有计算开销低、实时性强和生物合理性高等优势,但对纹理环境与光照变化较为敏感。
除传统可见光视觉线索外,多光谱导航借鉴生物视觉的光谱选择性编码机制,将感知信息由RGB(red,green,blue,红绿蓝)颜色特征与几何特征扩展至紫外、可见光及近红外多波段信息,推动视觉感知由“单一视觉特征”向“光谱–结构耦合表征”演进。例如,鸟类依赖视锥细胞与油滴滤光结构实现光谱分离,在迁徙中利用稳定光谱地标进行定位[50];昆虫则将光谱感知与归巢行为紧密耦合,体现了感知–行为协同机制[51]。受此启发,多光谱仿生视觉传感技术(如复眼成像、多光谱芯片与神经形态视觉)通过多波段互补提升复杂环境下的感知鲁棒性[5253]。仿生多光谱导航通过扩展视觉感知的光谱维度,实现由单一RGB视觉向光谱–几何协同感知的演进,显著提升了复杂环境下视觉导航的鲁棒性与环境适应能力。
仿生视觉导航的发展体现了生物视觉系统“感知−认知−决策”一体化的信息处理特征,SLAM侧重模拟生物认知地图构建与空间记忆机制,光流导航侧重模拟视觉运动感知与行为调控机制,多光谱视觉导航则体现了生物对光谱信息的选择性编码与融合利用机制。未来,随着事件视觉、神经形态芯片、类脑计算与自主学习等技术的融合发展,仿生视觉导航将由几何视觉向认知视觉演进,由环境感知向环境认知升级,形成兼具高动态响应、低功耗与自主决策能力的智能视觉导航体系[54]
太阳、月亮及恒星等天体在天空中具有稳定的空间分布与周期性运动规律,为生物导航提供了天然的空间参考系,天文线索已成为多种生物定位导航的重要信息来源。天文导航并非单纯的方向感知过程,而是融合环境感知、信息整合、认知决策与行为调控的动态系统。由于太阳方位、恒星分布及天空偏振模式随时间、季节和地理位置变化,生物需依赖内源生物钟与多源信息融合机制,对天文线索进行交叉校验与动态修正,从而持续更新空间参照框架,实现长期稳定的导航能力[55]
动物可以利用多种天文导航信息进行远距离迁徙、空间定向和环境认知,天文导航在生物进化与生态适应中同样具有重要意义。Dacke等[56]发现屎壳郎能够利用银河光带这一稳定天文线索完成夜间定向,首次证明非脊椎生物也可以借助星空信息进行夜间导航。Beetz等[57]发现帝王蝶中央复合体中的航向表征会受到飞行状态调制,从而形成适用于长距离迁飞的全局航向参考框架;后续研究进一步发现,帝王蝶脑中存在与虚拟太阳参考系相关的目标方向神经元,证实了天文导航与目标方向表征和转向决策密切相关[58]。Dreyer等[59]关于Bogong蛾的研究表明,该类夜行迁飞昆虫能够在无月夜利用恒星罗盘进行长距离迁徙,将星罗盘研究从短时定向拓展到先天性长距离迁飞行为。Cochran等[60]分析了飞行鸣禽对磁场、星光和暮光定向线索的综合利用策略,探究了其飞行过程中的信息感知规律。此外,Freas等[61]发现牛蚁能综合利用暮光和月光偏振信息进行生物导航,进一步揭示了天文线索在生物多源导航中的重要作用。当前,仿生天文导航正由传统大型星敏感器和太阳敏感器向微型化光电器件、弱光星空感知与神经形态信息处理方向发展,并逐步拓展至低成本无人平台应用,在卫星导航拒止、夜间远程航行及复杂电磁环境下展现出重要应用潜力。
仿生偏振导航是生物利用天空偏振光分布模式获取方向信息、实现定向迁移与空间导航的一类仿生导航技术,被视为一种特殊形式的“天文导航”,并广泛存在于昆虫、鸟类等生物的迁徙与空间定向过程中。近年来,仿生偏振导航受到生物学、神经科学及导航领域研究者的广泛关注,并在神经编码、生物行为机制及工程仿生等方面取得了重要进展[1415]。沙蚁、帝王蝶、蝗虫、草原带鹀、螳螂虾等生物能够“看见”偏振光场,利用偏振罗盘实现导航定位。Sakura等[62]研究分析了沙蚁中央复合体内偏振敏感神经元(POL−神经元)对偏振电矢量方位的编码机制,指出其可通过分布式群体编码为昆虫提供稳定的天空偏振罗盘,为理解昆虫长距离定向和类脑偏振导航传感器设计提供了关键神经机制基础。Reppert等[63]发现帝王蝶能够利用紫外偏振光E矢量作为太阳罗盘的补充,从而在太阳直接观测受限时维持迁徙航向;Heinze等[64]证明蝗虫中央复合体内存在天空偏振矢量方向的地图式神经表征;Muheim等[65]发现草原带鹀能够感知日出和日落时近地平线区域稳定分布的偏振光模式,利用暮光偏振线索校准磁罗盘;Patel等[66]通过实验证实,即使在云层遮挡太阳时,螳螂虾仍可利用偏振光获取航向信息辅助觅食与归巢。仿生偏振导航通过模拟生物偏振光感知机理与融合机制实现自主导航定位,已成为仿生智能赋能无人系统高效感知与自主导航的重要研究方向。
当前,针对卫星信号干扰环境下的自主导航问题,美国Polaris公司开发了天空偏振方位感知系统(Sky Position and Azimuth Sensing System,SkyPASS)系列偏振导航系统,并已在多类无人平台中应用[6769]。法国国家科学研究中心(National Center for Scientific Research,CNRS)研制了基于偏振“天体指南针”的仿沙蚁机器人,成功复现了沙蚁觅食后沿直线归巢行为[70];针对水下复杂环境的导航与定位问题,Powell等[71]开展了基于仿生偏振视觉的自主定位技术研究,实现了不依赖全球定位系统(Global Positioning System,GPS)的水下全球定位功能。此外,国内相关研究团队在仿复眼偏振感知、多传感器融合定位及抗干扰组合导航等方面亦取得了重要进展,并在无人机、无人车及水下平台中完成验证[7278]。从仿生智能视角看,太阳、恒星与天空偏振共同构成生物可利用的天文光场信息来源,偏振信息本质上是对天文视觉线索的结构化补充与方向增强,可在太阳不可直接观测或星体信息不足的条件下提供稳定的空间约束。未来,随着神经形态视觉器件与类脑认知计算的发展,仿生偏振与天文导航将进一步从“单一线索利用”向“光场级多模态解析”演进,支撑无人系统实现稳定、低功耗与高鲁棒的自主导航能力。
生物通过“上知天文、下察地理”,演化出高效的运动信息感知与获取能力,其对地磁信息的感知与利用受到广泛关注。地磁场具有磁偏角、磁倾角等稳定且规律的物理特征,这些特征随地理位置、姿态等空间信息变化,为生物提供了“磁罗盘”“磁地图”等导航线索。生物通过感知地球磁场的方向、强度、倾角等参数,将其作为天然“导航罗盘”或“空间地图”,从而实现定向、迁徙与空间定位[7980]。事实上,人类利用地磁信息进行导航定位同样具有悠久历史。中国古代四大发明之一的指南针正是利用地磁场的定向特性实现方向辨识的典型代表。随着现代传感器与智能信息处理技术的发展,地磁导航已逐渐从传统定向工具演变为一种重要的自主导航技术,为卫星拒止环境下导航定位提供了新的解决思路。
生物利用地磁导航的证据最早来自鸟类实验。1971年,Keeton[81]发现磁体会干扰信鸽在阴天条件下归巢,说明信鸽在太阳线索不足时能够利用地磁信息。1972年,Wiltschko等[82]证明知更鸟具有磁罗盘,可以利用磁倾角判断方向。后续研究进一步表明,地磁信息不仅能够提供方向参考,还可辅助位置判断。1996年,Lohmann等[83]证明红海龟能够感知地磁强度;2001年,他们进一步发现区域地磁场可作为红海龟迁徙路线上的导航标志[84]。2003年,Boles等[85]发现,龙虾能够利用地磁场空间分布特征构建“磁地图”,实现不依赖路径记忆和地标信息的真正导航。此外,Wynn等[86]发现地磁倾角可作为候鸟返回繁殖地的重要导航线索。Goforth等[87]进一步证明海龟能够学习特定区域的地磁特征,并利用磁地图信息进行空间定位。Nordmann等[88]则发现磁刺激可激活信鸽脑内相关神经通路。2026年,Lisowski等[89]进一步发现信鸽肝脏中的巨噬细胞可能参与其磁感知过程。综上,生物能够利用地磁信息实现方向判别、归巢导航和空间定位。
生物对地磁信息的感知与利用机制为现代自主导航提供了重要启发,工程领域逐渐形成了仿生地磁导航技术。随着地磁学、测绘学及地球物理探测技术的不断发展,人们逐步建立了全球和区域的地磁场模型[90]。通过磁强计、磁罗盘等传感器获取环境地磁信息,结合地磁场模型建立参考地图,再利用匹配、滤波和多源融合等算法,现代地磁导航系统能够实现载体位置、航向等导航状态参数的估计[9193]。当前,由于地磁导航具备自主性强、隐蔽性好等特点,地磁导航在水下、地面、空间等领域得到了广泛应用,为复杂环境下的自主导航提供了可靠支撑。
类脑导航是仿生导航技术向智能化、自主化发展的重要方向。与传统仿生导航不同,类脑导航更加关注生物神经系统对空间信息的编码、记忆、融合与决策机制。1971年,O'Keefe等[94]在大鼠海马体中发现位置细胞,提出海马体能够通过神经活动形成空间认知地图。2005年,Hafting等[95]在内嗅皮层中发现网格细胞,揭示了生物脑内用于空间度量和路径积分的神经基础。2014年,关于位置细胞和网格细胞的相关研究成果获得诺贝尔生理学或医学奖,进一步揭示了脑内空间编码机制是生物实现自主导航的重要神经基础[96]
哺乳生物海马体及其相邻内嗅皮层等脑区构成了复杂的空间认知与表征网络,是揭示生物空间导航神经机制的重要研究基础,为类脑导航模型的构建提供了重要启示。Banino等[97]提出了基于网格样表征的人工智能体导航方法,并发现训练后的智能体内部可以形成类似网格细胞的空间表征,支持向量式目标导航。Wen等[98]研究了新环境中内嗅空间地图的快速形成机制,指出地标信息与网格细胞表征的结合有助于生物快速建立稳定空间地图。除哺乳生物外,昆虫脑结构也为类脑导航提供了重要参考,其中中央复合体与航向编码、路径积分和目标方向计算密切相关,可综合偏振光、太阳方位和自运动信息形成类似罗盘的方向表征[99]。近年来,类脑导航逐渐从神经机理研究走向系统实现。Croon等[100]指出,昆虫启发智能具有计算资源需求低、环境适应性强等特点,适合微小型机器人自主导航。Yu等[101]提出脑启发多模态混合神经网络可用于机器人地点识别,为多源信息的类脑融合提供了新思路。此外,神经形态视觉、脉冲神经网络和忆阻器等技术不断发展,为类脑导航系统的实时、低功耗实现提供了技术支撑[102103]
类脑导航旨在借鉴生物神经系统的信息感知、融合与认知机制,面向复杂环境下的不确定性与强干扰,构建具备持续状态估计和主动抗扰能力的智能导航体系。其中,卡尔曼滤波通过“预测—校正”机制实现状态估计与多源信息融合,为类脑导航提供基础框架;复合干扰滤波则进一步引入干扰认知、分类调控与协同抑制机制,实现对复杂扰动的主动感知与精细处理,是类脑导航由信息融合迈向认知抗扰的关键支撑。尽管近年来类脑导航在空间表征、路径积分和神经编码等方面取得了重要进展,但生物导航神经机制的工程化实现仍面临挑战。未来亟需以卡尔曼滤波和复合干扰滤波为主线,融合类脑认知与自主进化思想,构建具备状态认知、干扰认知、自适应融合和持续进化能力的类脑组合导航理论与方法,推动导航系统从被动估计向主动认知抗扰和自主学习跃迁。
除惯性、视觉、偏振、地磁及类脑等典型仿生导航机制外,自然界生物还广泛利用声学、电磁、化学及群体交互等多源信息实现空间定向与自主导航。这些机制体现了生物在不确定环境中对信息的主动获取、动态解析与协同利用能力,使导航的本质从感知位置扩展为理解环境、组织信息和驱动行为的闭环过程。
在多源环境信息中,化学场感知是重要的补充导航机制。嗅觉与味觉依赖化学物质在空间中的梯度与动态分布,为生物提供目标位置与环境线索。动物可通过嗅觉实现目标定位与路径追踪,并参与认知地图构建[104]。例如,昆虫通过融合气味羽流与风场信息实现目标搜索与源定位[105];线虫能够依据NaCl等化学信号进行趋化运动,并实现目标趋近、风险回避和路径优化[106107]。受此启发,电子鼻与化学传感技术被用于气体泄漏定位、水下污染追踪及应急搜索等任务[108109]。仿生化学导航通过将环境中的化学场转化为可利用的空间信息,为弱光、水下及复杂受限环境下的自主导航提供了独特路径。但受扩散慢、易扰动等限制,化学导航仍需与视觉、惯性及地磁等信息融合以提升稳定性与实时性。
与化学导航侧重化学场解析不同,雷达等主动回波导航体现了生物通过主动发射信号来获取空间信息的能力。蝙蝠和齿鲸等生物能够主动发射声信号,并通过分析回波时延、频率变化和空间分布等特征,实现目标识别、避障与空间定向[110]。这一机制启发了声呐导航、主动回波定位及声学信标辅助定位等技术的发展,并逐步应用于机器人自主导航与环境感知[111]。进一步,毫米波雷达通过主动发射电磁波并解析回波信息实现环境探测,可直接获取目标距离、速度和角度信息,在复杂环境导航中展现出独特优势[112]。近年来,激光雷达SLAM与多源融合导航技术快速发展,推动雷达导航由感知型向认知型演进。
当导航对象由单体扩展至群体时,通信与协同导航成为提升无人系统自主能力的关键技术,其思想源于群体生物的信息交互机制。鸟群、鱼群与蚁群通过局部信息交换实现复杂环境下的群体协同行为。受此启发,工程系统利用无线通信网络实现相对测距、协同定位与分布式导航。作为典型代表,超宽带(ultra−wideband, UWB)技术具有高时间分辨率、低功耗和抗多径能力强等特点,可实现高精度室内定位和多机器人相对导航[113114]。随着6G(第6代移动通信技术)定位通信一体化技术的发展,通信网络将同时具备数据传输、环境感知、无线测距和协同定位等功能,推动导航系统由单平台自主导航向群体智能协同导航演进[115117]。通信与协同导航将为未来大规模无人系统协同作业提供重要基础。
综上,化学导航、主动回波导航与通信协同导航从环境场感知、主动探测与群体智能等维度扩展了仿生导航体系。尽管实现机制和技术路径存在差异,但均体现了生物对多源信息获取、融合利用和行为适应的能力。未来仿生导航将进一步向多模态融合、认知驱动决策与群体协同演化发展,推动导航系统由“定位导航”向“环境认知与自主智能”升级,为复杂环境下无人系统的长期自主运行提供理论支撑与技术路径。
仿生导航技术已成为干扰对抗环境下无人系统实现自主导航的重要途径,其通过模拟生物“神经−器官/组织/系统−行为”一体化运动信息解译和交互过程,形成了涵盖仿生智能算法、智能传感系统与自主导航行为的仿生灵动(Lingdong)导航技术体系,显著提升了无人系统信息智能感知、导航决策推理与动态适应能力。随着仿生学、神经科学、行为科学、人工智能与仪器科学等领域的深度交叉融合,仿生导航正由单一功能模仿向智能机理借鉴发展,由感知仿生向认知仿生和行为仿生演进,并呈现出安全、绿色、进化等典型新特征。未来,其发展将主要体现在方法、系统和行为3个层面。
生物能够通过神经系统对多模态感知信息进行动态调控、可信融合与持续学习,在复杂环境中保持稳定的运动感知与行为决策能力。未来应借鉴生物神经信息处理机制,融合复合干扰滤波理论、神经计算与自主学习方法,构建具备环境认知、自适应补偿和在线进化能力的智能运动信息估计框架,降低传统模型驱动运动估计对先验模型和统计假设的依赖,实现从参数估计向认知推断、从被动补偿向主动适应的转变,为复杂动态与对抗环境下的自主导航提供基础支撑。
生物导航系统通过多感知器官协同工作实现高效的信息获取与环境认知。应深入揭示生物多传感器官协同感知机制,发展类生物眼、耳和脑等多模态感知与处理架构,推动感知、计算与执行一体化设计,构建兼具高集成度、低功耗和强环境适应性的软硬一体、内外兼修的智能导航硬件体系,支撑仿生导航系统在复杂动态或对抗环境中自主感知与决策,突破不依赖卫星的自主导航技术瓶颈,提高无人系统的长期自主导航能力与环境适应性。
未来仿生导航将由感知仿生和机理仿生进一步发展到行为仿生与认知仿生,重点研究自主学习、认知演化、行为适应及群体协同等智能行为形成机制。面向无人系统不确定环境下自主导航需求,突破传统类脑智能和具身智能框架的局限,融合生物进化规律、系统自组织理论和环境对抗适应机制,构建具有策略涌现、行为进化和任务自重构能力的导航系统,进而实现边运行边学习、终身学习和自主决策,推动仿生导航由规则驱动向智能行为驱动转变,最终形成具有类生物环境适应能力和认知能力的新一代智能导航体系。
自然界生物经过长期自然选择与进化,形成了高效的信息感知、智能认知与自主导航能力,为复杂环境下无人系统自主导航提供了重要启示。不同仿生导航技术虽然感知对象和实现路径各异,但均体现出多源信息获取、跨模态融合、环境认知与行为决策协同的共同特征,其本质是模拟生物“感知−认知−决策−行为”的信息处理过程,实现复杂环境下的自主定位、导航与控制。当前,仿生导航已从单一机理模仿逐步发展到多模态融合与智能行为构建阶段,但在生物神经信息处理机制、多器官协同感知、多源异构信息可信融合策略以及复杂环境下自主适应与持续进化行为等方面仍存在诸多科学问题亟待突破。
面向未来,仿生导航将不再局限于对生物器官和导航机理的简单复现,而是进一步向仿生智能驱动的自主导航体系演进。借鉴生物神经信息处理、多器官协同感知和行为决策机制,融合智能感知、类脑计算、自主学习、复合干扰认知与自适应演化等方法,构建具备环境感知、状态评估、自主决策和持续优化能力的新一代仿生智能导航系统,是未来仿生导航发展的重要方向。随着仿生学、神经科学、人工智能与智能仪器等领域的深度交叉融合,导航系统有望实现由信息融合向认知融合、由状态估计向自主决策、由功能驱动向智能驱动的转变,为复杂动态与强对抗环境下无人系统长期自主运行、高可靠导航与安全可信决策提供新的理论基础与技术路径。
  • 中央高校青年教师科研创新能力支持项目(ZYGXQNJSKYCXNLZCXM−I2)
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(T2422001)
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(624B2014)
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(62227813)
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
[1]
Mouritsen H. Long−distance navigation and magnetoreception in migratory animals[J]. Nature, 2018, 558(7708): 50-59.
[2]
Merlin C, Gegear R J, Reppert S M. Antennal circadian clocks coordinate Sun compass orientation in migratory monarch butterflies[J]. Science, 2009, 325(5948): 1700-1704.
[3]
Buehlmann C, Mangan M, Graham P. Multimodal interactions in insect navigation[J]. Animal Cognition, 2020, 23(6): 1129-1141.
[4]
Dewsbury D A. The 1973 Nobel Prize for physiology or medicine: Recognition for behavioral science?[J]. American Psychologist, 2003, 58(9): 747-752.
[5]
Burgess N. The 2014 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine: A spatial model for cognitive neuroscience[J]. Neuron, 2014, 84(6): 1120-1125.
[6]
郭雷, 朱玉凯, 乔建忠, . 无人系统生存智能与安全、免疫、绿色控制技术[J]. 航空学报, 2022, 43(10): 358-368.
[7]
郭雷, 王巍, 包为民. 仿生智能: 开辟“新赛道”培育“硬科技”[EB/OL]. [2026−06−01]. https://www.miit.gov.cn/ztzl/rdzt/xxgyhqk/tjyd/zjlt/art/2025/art_8bb6553546fd48d383f96b204bf25e03.html,2025−09−04.
[8]
Li W S, Liu X, Hu P W, et al. BIO−inspired intelligent navigation: From methodology, system theory, to behavioural science[J]. Science China Information Sciences, 2024, 67(9): 196201.
[9]
郭雷, 包为民, 王巍. 空天仿生智能技术赋能国防科技新动能[J]. 国防科技工业, 2025(5): 26-29.
[10]
Huston S J, Jayaraman V. Studying sensorimotor integration in insects[J]. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 2011, 21(4): 527-534.
[11]
Gould J L. Sensory bases of navigation[J]. Current Biology, 1998, 8(20): R731-R738.
[12]
Bellmund J L S, Gärdenfors P, Moser E I, et al. Navigating cognition: Spatial codes for human thinking[J]. Science, 2018, 362(6415): 1-11.
[13]
McLaren J D, Schmaljohann H, Blasius B. Predicting performance of nave migratory animals, from many wrongs to self−correction[J]. Communications Biology, 2022, 5: 1058.
[14]
刘俊, 赵菁, 赵慧俊, . 仿生光磁导航技术发展研究综述[J]. 飞控与探测, 2019, 2(4): 14-25.
[15]
胡小平, 毛军, 范晨, . 仿生导航技术综述[J]. 导航定位与授时, 2020, 7(4): 前插1-前插2, 1−10.
[16]
Darwin C. Origin of certain instincts[J]. Nature, 1873, 7(179): 417-418.
[17]
Murphy J J. Instinct: A mechanical analogy[J]. Nature, 1873, 7(182): 483.
[18]
Whitfield T T. Development of the semicircular canals and otolithic organs of the vertebrate inner ear[M]//Development of Sensory Organs. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2025: 125−184.
[19]
Deora T, Singh A K, Sane S P. Biomechanical basis of wing and haltere coordination in flies[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2015, 112(5): 1481-1486.
[20]
Daniel T, Aldworth Z, Hinterwirth A, et al. Insect inertial measurement units: Gyroscopic sensing of body rotation[M]//Frontiers in Sensing. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2012: 287−297.
[21]
Jazi M N, Tymorek A, Yen T Y, et al. Hippocampal firing fields anchored to a moving object predict homing direction during path−integration−based behavior[J]. Nature Communications, 2023, 14: 7373.
[22]
Madhav M S, Jayakumar R P, Li B Y, et al. Control and recalibration of path integration in place cells using optic flow[J]. Nature Neuroscience, 2024, 27(8): 1599-1608.
[23]
Fraenkel G, Pringle J W S. Biological sciences: Halteres of flies as gyroscopic organs of equilibrium[J]. Nature, 1938, 141(3577): 919-920.
[24]
Fraenkel G. The function of the halteres of flies (Diptera)[J]. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1939, A109(1): 69−78.
[25]
Alexander R M. Antennae as gyroscopes[J]. Science, 2007, 315(5813): 771-772.
[26]
Fraser P J, Shelmerdine R L. Dogfish hair cells sense hydrostatic pressure[J]. Nature, 2002, 415(6871): 495-496.
[27]
Derby C, Thiel M. Nervous systems and control of behavior[M]. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014.
[28]
Mackrous I, Carriot J, Cullen K E. Context−independent encoding of passive and active self−motion in vestibular afferent fibers during locomotion in primates[J]. Nature Communications, 2022, 13: 120.
[29]
Zobeiri O A, Cullen K E. Cerebellar Purkinje cells combine sensory and motor information to predict the sensory consequences of active self−motion in macaques[J]. Nature Communications, 2024, 15: 4003.
[30]
Droogendijk H, Brookhuis R A, de Boer M J, et al. Towards a biomimetic gyroscope inspired by the fly's haltere using microelectromechanical systems technology[J]. Journal of the Royal Society Interface, 2014, 11(99): 20140573.
[31]
Kilic O, Ra H, Akkaya O C, et al. Haltere−like optoelectromechanical gyroscope[J]. IEEE Sensors Journal, 2016, 16(11): 4274-4280.
[32]
Lavrik N V, Datskos P G. Optically read Coriolis vibratory gyroscope based on a silicon tuning fork[J]. Microsystems & Nanoengineering, 2019, 5: 47.
[33]
王巍. 惯性技术研究现状及发展趋势[J]. 自动化学报, 2013, 39(6): 723-729.
[34]
王雨潇, 胡镜, 顾楠, . 原子干涉陀螺研究进展及展望[J]. 国防科技大学学报, 2025, 47(5): 1-23.
[35]
卜继军, 方海斌, 雷霆, . 半球谐振陀螺关键技术及其发展趋势[J]. 压电与声光, 2025, 47(4): 609-621.
[36]
Lambrinos D, Mller R, Labhart T, et al. A mobile robot employing insect strategies for navigation[J]. Robotics and Autonomous Systems, 2000, 30(1/2): 39-64.
[37]
Milford M J, Wyeth G F, Prasser D. RatSLAM: A hippocampal model for simultaneous localization and mapping[C]//Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, 2004. ICRA '04.2004. Piscataway, NJ: IEEE, 2004: 403−408.
[38]
Struckmeier O, Tiwari K, Salman M, et al. ViTa−SLAM: A bio−inspired visuo−tactile SLAM for navigation while interacting with aliased environments[J/OL]. arXiv, 2019: 1906.06422. https://arxiv.org/abs/1906.06422.
[39]
Zhuang G H, Bing Z S, Huang Y H, et al. A biologically−inspired simultaneous localization and mapping system based on LiDAR sensor[C]//Proceedings of IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS). Piscataway, NJ: IEEE, 2022: 13136−13142.
[40]
Safa A, Verbelen T, Ocket I, et al. Fusing event−based camera and radar for SLAM using spiking neural networks with continual STDP learning[J/OL]. arXiv, 2022: 2210.04236. https://arxiv.org/abs/2210.04236.
[41]
Gehrig D, Scaramuzza D. Low−latency automotive vision with event cameras[J]. Nature, 2024, 629(8014): 1034-1040.
[42]
Bhagavatula P S, Claudianos C, Ibbotson M R, et al. Optic flow cues guide flight in birds[J]. Current Biology, 2011, 21(21): 1794-1799.
[43]
Elias D O, Land B R, Mason A C, et al. Measuring and quantifying dynamic visual signals in jumping spiders[J]. Journal of Comparative Physiology A, 2006, 192(8): 785-797.
[44]
Chao H Y, Gu Y, Napolitano M. A survey of optical flow techniques for robotics navigation applications[J]. Journal of Intelligent & Robotic Systems, 2014, 73(1): 361-372.
[45]
Pan C, Deng H, Yin X F, et al. An optical flow−based integrated navigation system inspired by insect vision[J]. Biological Cybernetics, 2011, 105(3): 239-252.
[46]
Floreano D, Pericet−Camara R, Viollet S, et al. Miniature curved artificial compound eyes[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2013, 110(23): 9267-9272.
[47]
Mauss A S, Borst A. Optic flow−based course control in insects[J]. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 2020, 60: 21-27.
[48]
Strydom R, Thurrowgood S, Srinivasan M V. Visual odometry: Autonomous UAV navigation using optic flow and stereo[C]//Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation. Melbourne: The University of Melbourne, 2014.
[49]
Sanket N J, Singh C D, Fermüller C, et al. PRGFlow: Unified SWAP−aware deep global optical flow for aerial robot navigation[J]. Electronics Letters, 2021, 57(16): 614-617.
[50]
Hart N S. The visual ecology of avian photoreceptors[J]. Progress in Retinal and Eye Research, 2001, 20(5): 675-703.
[51]
Kelber A, Vorobyev M, Osorio D. Animal colour vision: Behavioural tests and physiological concepts[J]. Biological Reviews, 2003, 78(1): 81-118.
[52]
Song Y M, Xie Y Z, Malyarchuk V, et al. Digital cameras with designs inspired by the arthropod eye[J]. Nature, 2013, 497(7447): 95-99.
[53]
Gu L L, Poddar S, Lin Y J, et al. A biomimetic eye with a hemispherical perovskite nanowire array retina[J]. Nature, 2020, 581(7808): 278-282.
[54]
Tenzin S, Rassau A, Chai D. Application of event cameras and neuromorphic computing to VSLAM: A survey[J]. Biomimetics, 2024, 9(7): 444.
[55]
Horváth G. Polarization Vision and Environmental Polarized Light[M]. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024.
[56]
Dacke M, Bell A T A, Foster J J, et al. Multimodal cue integration in the dung beetle compass[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2019, 116(28): 14248-14253.
[57]
Beetz M J, Kraus C, Franzke M, et al. Flight−induced compass representation in the monarch butterfly heading network[J]. Current Biology, 2022, 32(2): 338−349. e5.
[58]
Beetz M J, Kraus C, el Jundi B. Neural representation of goal direction in the monarch butterfly brain[J]. Nature Communications, 2023, 14: 5859.
[59]
Dreyer D, Adden A, Chen H, et al. Bogong moths use a stellar compass for long−distance navigation at night[J]. Nature, 2025, 643(8073): 994-1000.
[60]
Cochran W W, Mouritsen H, Wikelski M. Migrating songbirds recalibrate their magnetic compass daily from twilight cues[J]. Science, 2004, 304(5669): 405-408.
[61]
Freas C A, Cheng K. Comparative use of a polarized light compass for twilight and moonlight navigation in diurnal and nocturnal bull ants[J]. Royal Society Open Science, 2025, 12(11): 250975.
[62]
Sakura M, Lambrinos D, Labhart T. Polarized skylight navigation in insects: Model and electrophysiology of e−vector coding by neurons in the central complex[J]. Journal of Neurophysiology, 2008, 99(2): 667-682.
[63]
Reppert S M, Zhu H S, White R H. Polarized light helps monarch butterflies navigate[J]. Current Biology, 2004, 14(2): 155-158.
[64]
Heinze S, Gotthardt S, Homberg U. Transformation of polarized light information in the central complex of the locust[J]. The Journal of Neuroscience, 2009, 29(38): 11783-11793.
[65]
Muheim R, Phillips J B, Åkesson S. Polarized light cues underlie compass calibration in migratory songbirds[J]. Science, 2006, 313(5788): 837-839.
[66]
Patel R N, Cronin T W. Mantis shrimp navigate home using celestial and idiothetic path integration[J]. Current Biology, 2020, 30(11): 1981−1987. e3.
[67]
Aycock T, Lompado A, Wolz T, et al. Passive optical sensing of atmospheric polarization for GPS denied operations[J]. Sensors and Systems for Space Applications IX, 2016, 9838: 98380Y.
[68]
Eshelman L M, Smith A M, Smith K M, et al. Unique navigation solution utilizing sky polarization signatures[C]//Proceedings of Polarization: Measurement, Analysis, and Remote Sensing XV. Orlando: SPIE, 2022: 4.
[69]
Trust the sky to guide you home[EB/OL]. [2026−06−12]. https://www.polarissensor.com/skypass.
[70]
Dupeyroux J, Serres J R, Viollet S. AntBot: A six−legged walking robot able to home like desert ants in outdoor environments[J]. Science Robotics, 2019, 4(27): eaau0307.
[71]
Powell S B, Garnett R, Marshall J, et al. Bioinspired polarization vision enables underwater geolocalization[J]. Science Advances, 2018, 4(4): eaao6841.
[72]
Yang J, Liu X, Zhang Q Y, et al. Global autonomous positioning in GNSS−challenged environments: A bioinspired strategy by polarization pattern[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2021, 68(7): 6308-6317.
[73]
Guo L, Li W S, Zhu Y K, et al. Composite disturbance filtering: A novel state estimation scheme for systems with multisource, heterogeneous, and isomeric disturbances[J]. IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society, 2023, 4: 387-400.
[74]
Zhou W Z, Zhang H Y, Fan C, et al . OMC−VINS: A bionic skylight orientation and vision−based metric constrains proposal for vehicle location in challenging environment[J]. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 2024, 11(20): 33696-33711.
[75]
Zhang T, Yang J, Zhao Q, et al. Bio−inspired antagonistic differential polarization algorithm for heading determination in underwater low−light environments[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, 2024, 20(4): 6542-6551.
[76]
Zhang T, Yang J, Shen X J, et al. Underwater tightly−coupled method for heading estimation against uncertain disturbances: Using differential light intensity[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2025, 72(10): 10718-10727.
[77]
Shen C, Wu Y C, Qian G Y, et al. Intelligent bionic polarization orientation method using biological neuron model for harsh conditions[J]. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 2025, 47(2): 789-806.
[78]
Guo L, Wang C L, Tian B, et al. Intelligent systems engineering theory for complex dynamical systems with composite disturbances/uncertainties[J]. Science China Technological Sciences, 2026, 69(6): 1610401.
[79]
Uebe R, Schüler D. Magnetosome biogenesis in magnetotactic bacteria[J]. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 2016, 14(10): 621-637.
[80]
Brothers J R, Lohmann K J. Evidence that magnetic navigation and geomagnetic imprinting shape spatial genetic variation in sea turtles[J]. Current Biology, 2018, 28(8): 1325−1329. e2.
[81]
Keeton W T. Magnets interfere with pigeon homing[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 1971, 68(1): 102-106.
[82]
Wiltschko W, Wiltschko R. Magnetic compass of European Robins[J]. Science, 1972, 176(4030): 62-64.
[83]
Lohmann K J, Lohmann C M F. Detection of magnetic field intensity by sea turtles[J]. Nature, 1996, 380(6569): 59-61.
[84]
Lohmann K J, Cain S D, Dodge S A, et al . Regional magnetic fields as navigational markers for sea turtles[J]. Science, 2001, 294(5541): 364-366.
[85]
Boles L C, Lohmann K J. True navigation and magnetic maps in spiny lobsters[J]. Nature, 2003, 421(6918): 60-63.
[86]
Wynn J, Padget O, Mouritsen H, et al. Magnetic stop signs signal a European songbird's arrival at the breeding site after migration[J]. Science, 2022, 375(6579): 446-449.
[87]
Goforth K M, Lohmann C M F, Gavin A, et al. Learned magnetic map cues and two mechanisms of magnetoreception in turtles[J]. Nature, 2025, 638(8052): 1015-1022.
[88]
Nordmann G C, Balay S D, Kapuruge T N, et al. A global screen for magnetically induced neuronal activity in the pigeon brain[J]. Science, 2026, 391(6790): 1155-1160.
[89]
Lisowski C, Quetting M, Klaus D, et al . Homing pigeon navigation relies on superparamagnetic macrophages under overcast conditions[J]. Science, 2026, 392(6801): 985-991.
[90]
Yang Y Y, Hulot G, Vigneron P, et al. The CSES global geomagnetic field model (CGGM): An IGRF−type global geomagnetic field model based on data from the China Seismo−Electromagnetic Satellite[J]. Earth, Planets and Space, 2021, 73(1): 45.
[91]
Ren H L, Kazanzides P. Investigation of attitude tracking using an integrated inertial and magnetic navigation system for hand−held surgical instruments[J]. IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics, 2012, 17(2): 210-217.
[92]
Qi X K, Chen L, An K, et al . Bioinspired in−grid navigation and positioning based on an artificially established magnetic gradient[J]. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 2018, 67(11): 10583-10589.
[93]
Huang C, Hendeby G, Fourati H, et al. MAINS: A magnetic-field-aided inertial navigation system for indoor positioning[J]. IEEE Sensors Journal, 2024, 24(9): 15156-15166.
[94]
O'Keefe J, Dostrovsky J. The hippocampus as a spatial map. Preliminary evidence from unit activity in the freely−moving rat[J]. Brain Research, 1971, 34(1): 171-175.
[95]
Hafting T, Fyhn M, Molden S, et al. Microstructure of a spatial map in the entorhinal cortex[J]. Nature, 2005, 436(7052): 801-806.
[96]
Nobel Prize Outreach AB. The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2014[EB/OL]. [2026−06−01]. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2014/press-release,2014−10−06.
[97]
Banino A, Barry C, Uria B, et al. Vector−based navigation using grid−like representations in artificial agents[J]. Nature, 2018, 557(7705): 429-433.
[98]
Wen J H, Sorscher B, Jones Aery E A, et al. One−shot entorhinal maps enable flexible navigation in novel environments[J]. Nature, 2024, 635(8040): 943-950.
[99]
Honkanen A, Adden A, da Silva Freitas J, et al . The insect central complex and the neural basis of navigational strategies[J]. Journal of Experimental Biology, 2019, 222(Suppl 1): jeb188854.
[100]
de Croon G C H E, Dupeyroux J J G, Fuller S B, et al. Insect−inspired AI for autonomous robots[J]. Science Robotics, 2022, 7(67): eabl6334.
[101]
Yu F W, Wu Y J, Ma S C, et al. Brain−inspired multimodal hybrid neural network for robot place recognition[J]. Science Robotics, 2023, 8(78): eabm6996.
[102]
Paredes−Vallés F, Hagenaars J J, Dupeyroux J, et al. Fully neuromorphic vision and control for autonomous drone flight[J]. Science Robotics, 2024, 9(90): eadi0591.
[103]
Wang S B, Gao S, Tang C Y, et al. Memristor−based adaptive neuromorphic perception in unstructured environments[J]. Nature Communications, 2024, 15: 4671.
[104]
Jacobs L F. From chemotaxis to the cognitive map: The function of olfaction[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2012, 109(Suppl 1): 10693-10700.
[105]
Nevitt G A, Dittman A H, Quinn T P, et al . Evidence for a peripheral olfactory memory in imprinted salmon[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 1994, 91(10): 4288-4292.
[106]
Suzuki H, Thiele T R, Faumont S, et al. Functional asymmetry in Caenorhabditis elegans taste neurons and its computational role in chemotaxis[J]. Nature, 2008, 454(7200): 114-117.
[107]
Luo L J, Wen Q, Ren J, et al. Dynamic encoding of perception, memory, and movement in a C. elegans chemotaxis circuit[J]. Neuron, 2014, 82(5): 1115-1128.
[108]
Vergassola M, Villermaux E, Shraiman B I. 'Infotaxis' as a strategy for searching without gradients[J]. Nature, 2007, 445(7126): 406-409.
[109]
Singh S H, van Breugel F, Rao R P N, et al . Emergent behaviour and neural dynamics in artificial agents tracking odour plumes[J]. Nature Machine Intelligence, 2023, 5(1): 58-70.
[110]
Ulanovsky N, Moss C F. What the bat's voice tells the bat's brain[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2008, 105(25): 8491-8498.
[111]
Simon R, Rupitsch S, Baumann M, et al. Bioinspired sonar reflectors as guiding beacons for autonomous navigation[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2020, 117(3): 1367-1374.
[112]
Harlow K, Jang H, Barfoot T D, et al. A new wave in robotics: Survey on recent MmWave radar applications in robotics[J]. IEEE Transactions on Robotics, 2024, 40: 4544-4560.
[113]
Gezici S, Tian Z, Giannakis G B, et al. Localization via ultra−wideband radios: A look at positioning aspects for future sensor networks[J]. IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, 2005, 22(4): 70-84.
[114]
Wymeersch H, Lien J, Win M Z. . Cooperative localization in wireless networks[J]. Proceedings of the IEEE, 2009, 97(2): 427-450.
[115]
Yassin A, Nasser Y, Awad M, et al. Recent advances in indoor localization: A survey on theoretical approaches and applications[J]. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 2017, 19(2): 1327-1346.
[116]
Xiao Z Q, Zeng Y. An overview on integrated localization and communication towards 6G[J]. Science China Information Sciences, 2021, 65(3): 131301.
[117]
González−Prelcic N, Keskin Furkan M, Kaltiokallio O, et al. The integrated sensing and communication revolution for 6G: Vision, techniques, and applications[J]. Proceedings of the IEEE, 2024, 112(7): 676-723.
2026年第44卷第14期
PDF下载
464
225
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2026.07.00004
  • 接收时间:2026-07-01
  • 首发时间:2026-08-19
  • 出版时间:2026-07-28
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2026-07-01
  • 修回日期:2026-07-16
基金
中央高校青年教师科研创新能力支持项目(ZYGXQNJSKYCXNLZCXM−I2)
国家自然科学基金项目(T2422001)
国家自然科学基金项目(624B2014)
国家自然科学基金项目(62227813)
作者信息
    1北京航空航天大学空天仿生智能研究院,北京 100191
    2无人系统仿生智能技术北京市重点实验室,北京 100191
    3北京航空航天大学国际创新学院,杭州 311115

通讯作者:

郭雷(通信作者),教授,中国科学院院士,研究方向为抗干扰控制理论与应用,电子信箱:
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2026.07.00004
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏