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The rapid development of large language models has made the question of whether AI can be conscious no longer merely a philosophical issue, but also a practical concern in technology ethics and governance. Alexander Lerchner's concept of the "abstraction fallacy" attempts to fundamentally challenge the possibility that current large language models could lead to genuine consciousness. At its core, AI computation is a symbolic processing of the world: it can simulate human language, emotions, and behavior, but this does not mean that it truly generates subjective experience. This article argues that AI consciousness will not naturally emerge simply from larger models, greater computational power, or more complex algorithms. AI may increasingly resemble human beings; it may say "I am in pain", "I am afraid", or "I hope", and it may display complex communication and planning abilities. Yet these remain forms of behavioral imitation and functional simulation, and they do not demonstrate that AI truly has feelings. Current and foreseeable artificial intelligence systems should therefore be regarded as powerful non−conscious tools rather than subjects with subjective experience. The focus of future AI governance should not be a premature discussion of machine rights, but the prevention of excessive anthropomorphism, responsibility displacement, and the underestimation of real risks posed by highly capable AI tools.
, authors=Jinyong CHEN, Chunlei PENG
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All rights reserved. Unauthorized reproduction is prohibited., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1324320340335272770, articleId=1324320336984023870, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, language=CN, title=会说“我有感觉”的机器,真的有感觉吗?——从“抽象谬误”看人工智能意识的不可能性, columnId=1150494642043760854, journalTitle=科技导报, columnName=科技评论, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
大语言模型的快速发展,使“AI是否会有意识”不再只是哲学问题,也成为科技伦理和治理中的现实议题。Alexander Lerchner提出“抽象谬误”,试图从根本上否认当前大语言模型通往真意识的可能性。人工智能(artificial intelligence,AI)的计算本质是对世界的符号化处理,能够模拟人的语言、情绪和行为,却不等于真正产生主观体验。AI意识不是单靠模型变大、算力增强或算法变复杂就能自然出现的问题。AI可以越来越像人类,会说“我疼”“我害怕”“我希望”,也能表现出复杂的交流和规划能力,但这些仍属于行为模仿和功能模拟,不说明它真的有意识。当前及可预见的AI系统,更应被视为强大的非意识工具,而不是具有主观体验的主体。未来AI治理的重点,不应急于讨论机器权利,而应防止过度拟人化、责任转移,以及低估高能力AI工具带来的现实风险。
, authors=陈金永, 彭春蕾
*, authorsList=陈金永, 彭春蕾, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=彭春蕾, authorNote=
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版权所有,未经授权,不得转载。, copyrightOwner=《科技导报》编辑部, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=T0V+kpYeEF4oy+QPd771Lw==, magXml=6Ou3s+R5xGFLer2l5UVusQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=vqydh+0bbk+05n4kfp5fZw==, pdfFileSize=837614, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=zjLn+XVyEnC6A+RomnCPLA==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=q2Vj4xYV/rWoQMvu19uEhA==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1324320341295768392, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1324320336984023870, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=jinyongch@stu.xidian.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1324320341702615881, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1324320336984023870, authorId=1324320341295768392, language=EN, stringName=Jinyong CHEN, firstName=Jinyong, middleName=null, lastName=CHEN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=null, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1324320342012994378, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1324320336984023870, authorId=1324320341295768392, language=CN, stringName=陈金永, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=null, bio={"content":"
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| 观察维度 | AI可实现机制 | 能够支持的判断 | 不能据此证明 |
|---|
| 语言报告 | 条件生成、自我叙述 | 能模拟体验表达 | 存在第一人称体验 |
| 情绪互动 | 情感识别与表达策略 | 能模拟情绪行为 | 实际感到快乐或痛苦 |
| 长期记忆 | 外部存储与上下文调用 | 信息具有连续性 | 主体具有经历连续性 |
| 具身行动 | 感知—决策—行动闭环 | 环境适应增强 | 刺激成为主观经验 |
| 内部计算 | 信息整合、循环与自表征 | 复杂认知功能增强 | 计算结构本身实例化意识 |
), ArticleFig(id=1324320347461395293, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1324320336984023870, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
人工智能类意识表现的机制与证据边界
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 观察维度 | AI可实现机制 | 能够支持的判断 | 不能据此证明 |
|---|
| 语言报告 | 条件生成、自我叙述 | 能模拟体验表达 | 存在第一人称体验 |
| 情绪互动 | 情感识别与表达策略 | 能模拟情绪行为 | 实际感到快乐或痛苦 |
| 长期记忆 | 外部存储与上下文调用 | 信息具有连续性 | 主体具有经历连续性 |
| 具身行动 | 感知—决策—行动闭环 | 环境适应增强 | 刺激成为主观经验 |
| 内部计算 | 信息整合、循环与自表征 | 复杂认知功能增强 | 计算结构本身实例化意识 |
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