Article(id=1312073322540663068, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, issueId=1312073311350256541, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2026.05.00063, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1778601600000, receivedDateStr=2026-05-13, revisedDate=1785686400000, revisedDateStr=2026-08-03, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1790752257237, onlineDateStr=2026-09-30, pubDate=1787846400000, pubDateStr=2026-08-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1790752257237, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1790752257237, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1790752257237, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1312073311350256541, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, year='2026', volume='44', issue='16', pageStart='1', pageEnd='180', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1787846400000', pubDateStr='2026-08-28', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1790752254569, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1790753187383, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1312077223981576789, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, issueId=1312073311350256541, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1312077223981576790, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, issueId=1312073311350256541, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=107, endPage=117, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1312073324126109981, articleId=1312073322540663068, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, language=EN, title=Research on a large language model−based cryptographic module identification tool, columnId=1150494642224591153, journalTitle=Science & Technology Review, columnName=Exclusive, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Cryptographic module identification is the starting point of post−quantum cryptographic migration in the banking and financial industry, and its results form the basis for compiling a cryptographic asset inventory and prioritizing migration. In view of the large scale, language diversity, deeply nested wrapper layers and complex dependency chains of banking information systems and operating system source code, an LLM−based cryptographic module identification tool is investigated in this paper. Taking the whole codebase and its dependency information as input, the tool completes identification through the collaboration of five agents responsible for data ingestion and preprocessing, call graph construction, cryptographic semantic identification, trustworthy reasoning and reflection, and result aggregation and visualization, and outputs evidence units traceable to source statements. The tool is implemented on the open−source Qwen3−8B model without parameter fine−tuning. On 400 file−level samples constructed from the source code of the Anolis OS kernel, it achieves a precision of 97.50% and a recall of 96.06%. In a comparative experiment against an open−source pattern−matching cryptographic discovery tool, the proposed tool identifies 76 of the 84 genuine cryptographic modules missed by the reference tool; ablation experiments show that the combination of call graph construction and trustworthy reasoning and reflection raises recall from 20.69% to 96.06%. These results indicate that semantic−level criteria extend the scope of cryptographic module identification from implementations explicitly visible in the code text to system−level code organized through registration and encapsulation.
, authors=Pengkun WEI, Chao LIU
*, Haibo HU, authorsList=Pengkun WEI, Chao LIU, Haibo HU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Chao LIU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=
All rights reserved. Unauthorized reproduction is prohibited., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1312073325183074596, articleId=1312073322540663068, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, language=CN, title=基于大模型的密码模块识别工具研究, columnId=1150494642375586098, journalTitle=科技导报, columnName=特色专题, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
密码模块识别是金融银行业抗量子密码迁移的起点,其结果构成密码资产清单汇编与迁移优先级排序的基础。针对银行信息系统及操作系统源码规模大、语言多样、封装层次深、依赖链复杂等特点,研究一种基于大模型的密码模块识别工具。该工具以全量源码和依赖信息为输入,通过数据接入与预处理、调用图构建、密码语义识别、可信推理与反思、结果汇编与可视化5类智能体协作完成识别,输出可追溯至源码语句的证据单元。该工具以开源模型Qwen3−8B为基座实现,不作参数微调。在龙蜥操作系统内核源码构建的400个文件级样本上,精确率为97.50%,召回率为96.06%。与基于模式匹配的开源密码发现工具的对照实验表明,对照工具未能发现的84个真实密码模块中该工具识别出76个;消融实验表明,调用图构建与可信推理反思2项机制协同将召回率由20.69%提升至96.06%。上述结果表明,语义层面的判据可将密码模块的识别范围由代码文本中显式可见的实现扩展至以注册与封装形式组织的系统级代码。
, authors=魏鹏坤, 刘超
*, 胡海波, authorsList=魏鹏坤, 刘超, 胡海波, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=刘超, authorNote=
, correspAuthorsNote=
, copyrightStatement=
版权所有,未经授权,不得转载。, copyrightOwner=《科技导报》编辑部, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=Zl788PWQXUIq2oqIfp5lsQ==, magXml=xShDf1N1bgIk7sK9kTDduQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=du9Ob6as0tWBqs5sVrS3+Q==, pdfFileSize=4610540, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=xZwUWaU+JDG1HjcBvHm8DQ==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=2j2Q7sfyKZ/CVKYtdB5plg==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1312073325493453097, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1312073322540663068, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=weipengkun@stu.cqu.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1312073325552173354, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1312073322540663068, authorId=1312073325493453097, language=EN, stringName=Pengkun WEI, firstName=Pengkun, middleName=null, lastName=WEI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=null, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1312073325623476523, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1312073322540663068, authorId=1312073325493453097, language=CN, stringName=魏鹏坤, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=null, bio={"content":"
魏鹏坤,硕士研究生,研究方向为智能软件工程,电子信箱:weipengkun@stu.cqu.edu.cn
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魏鹏坤,硕士研究生,研究方向为智能软件工程,电子信箱:weipengkun@stu.cqu.edu.cn
, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null), Author(id=1312073325707362605, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1312073322540663068, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=liu.chao@cqu.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1312073325803831598, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1312073322540663068, authorId=1312073325707362605, language=EN, stringName=Chao LIU, firstName=Chao, middleName=null, lastName=LIU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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*, address=null, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null), Author(id=1312073325963215153, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1312073322540663068, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1312073326034518323, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1312073322540663068, authorId=1312073325963215153, language=EN, stringName=Haibo HU, firstName=Haibo, middleName=null, lastName=HU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=null, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1312073326114210100, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1312073322540663068, authorId=1312073325963215153, language=CN, stringName=胡海波, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=null, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null)], keywords=[Keyword(id=1312073326252622133, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1312073322540663068, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=cryptographic module identification), Keyword(id=1312073326315536694, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1312073322540663068, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=large language model), Keyword(id=1312073326374256951, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1312073322540663068, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=multi−agent), Keyword(id=1312073326432977208, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1312073322540663068, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=post−quantum cryptographic migration), Keyword(id=1312073326504280377, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1312073322540663068, language=EN, orderNo=5, keyword=cryptographic asset inventory), Keyword(id=1312073326563000635, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1312073322540663068, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=密码模块识别), Keyword(id=1312073326634303804, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1312073322540663068, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=大语言模型), Keyword(id=1312073326693024061, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1312073322540663068, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=多智能体), Keyword(id=1312073326781104446, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1312073322540663068, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=抗量子密码迁移), Keyword(id=1312073326856601919, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1312073322540663068, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=密码资产清单)], refs=[Reference(id=1312073329763254606, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1312073322540663068, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Shor P W. 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| 指标 | 计算方式 | 结果/% |
|---|
| Accuracy | (TP+TN)/(TP+FP+FN+TN) | 96.75 |
| Precision | TP/(TP+FP) | 97.50 |
| Recall | TP/(TP+FN) | 96.06 |
| F1 | 2TP/(2TP+FP+FN) | 96.77 |
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文件级密码模块识别实验结果
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| 指标 | 计算方式 | 结果/% |
|---|
| Accuracy | (TP+TN)/(TP+FP+FN+TN) | 96.75 |
| Precision | TP/(TP+FP) | 97.50 |
| Recall | TP/(TP+FN) | 96.06 |
| F1 | 2TP/(2TP+FP+FN) | 96.77 |
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| 方法 | Accuracy/% | Precision/% | Recall/% | F1/% |
|---|
| CryptoScan | 75.00 | 88.15 | 58.62 | 70.41 |
| 本文方法 | 96.75 | 97.50 | 96.06 | 96.77 |
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与开源密码发现工具的识别效果对比
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| 方法 | Accuracy/% | Precision/% | Recall/% | F1/% |
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| CryptoScan | 75.00 | 88.15 | 58.62 | 70.41 |
| 本文方法 | 96.75 | 97.50 | 96.06 | 96.77 |
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| 实验 | 预处理 | 语义识别 | 调用图 | 反思 | Accuracy/% | Precision/% | Recall/% | F1/% |
|---|
| 密码语义识别智能体 | ✓ | ✓ | — | — | 59.25 | 95.45 | 20.69 | 34.01 |
| +调用图构建智能体 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — | 86.75 | 97.47 | 75.86 | 85.32 |
| +可信推理反思智能体 | ✓ | ✓ | — | ✓ | 89.75 | 97.65 | 81.77 | 89.01 |
| 完整方法 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 96.75 | 97.50 | 96.06 | 96.77 |
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消融实验配置与结果
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| 实验 | 预处理 | 语义识别 | 调用图 | 反思 | Accuracy/% | Precision/% | Recall/% | F1/% |
|---|
| 密码语义识别智能体 | ✓ | ✓ | — | — | 59.25 | 95.45 | 20.69 | 34.01 |
| +调用图构建智能体 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — | 86.75 | 97.47 | 75.86 | 85.32 |
| +可信推理反思智能体 | ✓ | ✓ | — | ✓ | 89.75 | 97.65 | 81.77 | 89.01 |
| 完整方法 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 96.75 | 97.50 | 96.06 | 96.77 |
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