Article(id=1296828809282613340, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, issueId=1296827250129784977, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2026.03.00021, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1772726400000, receivedDateStr=2026-03-06, revisedDate=1782835200000, revisedDateStr=2026-07-01, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1787117682046, onlineDateStr=2026-08-19, pubDate=1785168000000, pubDateStr=2026-07-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1787117682046, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-08-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1787117682046, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1787117682046, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1296827250129784977, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, year='2026', volume='44', issue='14', pageStart='1', pageEnd='192', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1785168000000', pubDateStr='2026-07-28', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1787117310316, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1787117721595, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1296828975423185806, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, issueId=1296827250129784977, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1296828975423185807, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, issueId=1296827250129784977, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=132, endPage=141, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1296828809563631709, articleId=1296828809282613340, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, language=EN, title=AI−driven paradigm shift in scientific research and technological leap, columnId=1150494642224591153, journalTitle=Science & Technology Review, columnName=Exclusive, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In recent years, the rapid development of next−generation information technologies has propelled artificial intelligence (AI) from a versatile technical tool to a strategic cornerstone driving the emergence of new productive forces and reshaping national technological competitiveness. AI's role is undergoing a profound shift—from an "enabler" to a "definer"—fundamentally transforming research paradigms and trajectories in interdisciplinary fields. This paper systematically traces the five evolutionary stages of scientific research paradigms, focusing on the fifth: AI for Science (AI4S). Centered on AI−driven innovation, AI4S integrates advanced technologies (e.g., convolutional neural networks, graph neural networks, diffusion models, large models) to systematically reconstruct scientific logics and technological pathways in frontier disciplines, including biomedicine, humanoid robotics, and quantum science. By doing so, it realizes intelligent transformation across the entire research lifecycle. The study underscores that authentic AI4S embodies a synergistic fusion of human creativity and scientific exploration. By automating repetitive tasks (e.g., low−level reasoning, experimental design), AI empowers researchers to concentrate on high−level problem formulation and strategic scientific planning, accelerating discoveries and breakthroughs. Human ingenuity remains the bedrock of science; free exploration and original theorization are indispensable. Through human−AI collaboration, AI4S propels scientific research toward higher−order intelligence and interdisciplinary integration, defining the future of technological advancement.

, authors=Kai ZENG1, Yaonan WANG2, 3, *, authorsList=Kai ZENG, Yaonan WANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yaonan WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=All rights reserved. Unauthorized reproduction is prohibited., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1296828812629667942, articleId=1296828809282613340, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, language=CN, title=人工智能驱动的科研范式变革与技术跃迁, columnId=1150494642375586098, journalTitle=科技导报, columnName=特色专题, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

新一代信息技术的迅猛发展推动人工智能从通用技术工具跃升为塑造新质生产力、重构国家科技竞争格局的战略性底层能力。人工智能的角色正从“赋能者”向“定义者”深度转变,持续颠覆多学科交叉领域的科研范式与演进路径。系统梳理了人类科研范式演进的5次变革历程,聚焦阐释以人工智能为核心驱动力的第5范式——人工智能驱动的科学研究(AI for Science, AI4S)。该范式通过融合卷积神经网络、图神经网络、扩散模型及大模型等前沿技术,系统性重构生物医药、人形机器人、量子科技等前沿交叉领域的科研逻辑与技术发展路径,实现科研全流程的智能化重构。研究强调,真正的AI4S应是人类创新思维与科学探索能力的协同升华。AI技术将科研人员从底层推理、实验设计等重复性工作中解放,使其得以聚焦顶层科学问题的凝练与科研战略的顶层设计,从而加速科学发现与技术突破。人类创造力始终是科研本质的内核,自由探索与原创理论构建仍是科学进步的基石。

, authors=曾凯1, 王耀南2, 3, *, authorsList=曾凯, 王耀南, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=王耀南, authorNote=

曾凯,副教授,研究方向为机器人三维环境感知技术,电子信箱:

, correspAuthorsNote=
王耀南(通信作者),教授,中国工程院院士,研究方向为机器人视觉感知与控制技术,电子信箱:
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人工智能驱动的科研范式变革与技术跃迁
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曾凯 1 , 王耀南 2, 3, *
科技导报 | 特色专题 2026,44(14): 132-141
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科技导报 |特色专题 2026 , 44 (14) : 132 -141
人工智能驱动的科研范式变革与技术跃迁
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曾凯1 , 王耀南2, 3, *
作者信息
  • 1国防科技大学智能科学学院,长沙 410073
  • 2湖南大学人工智能与机器人学院,长沙 410082
  • 3湖南大学机器人视觉感知与控制技术国家工程研究中心,长沙 410082
通讯作者:
王耀南(通信作者),教授,中国工程院院士,研究方向为机器人视觉感知与控制技术,电子信箱:
作者简介:

曾凯,副教授,研究方向为机器人三维环境感知技术,电子信箱:

AI−driven paradigm shift in scientific research and technological leap
Kai ZENG1 , Yaonan WANG2, 3, *
Affiliations
  • 1College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
  • 2College of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
  • 3National Engineering Laboratory for Robot Visual Perception and Control Technology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
出版时间: 2026-07-28 doi: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2026.03.00021
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新一代信息技术的迅猛发展推动人工智能从通用技术工具跃升为塑造新质生产力、重构国家科技竞争格局的战略性底层能力。人工智能的角色正从“赋能者”向“定义者”深度转变,持续颠覆多学科交叉领域的科研范式与演进路径。系统梳理了人类科研范式演进的5次变革历程,聚焦阐释以人工智能为核心驱动力的第5范式——人工智能驱动的科学研究(AI for Science, AI4S)。该范式通过融合卷积神经网络、图神经网络、扩散模型及大模型等前沿技术,系统性重构生物医药、人形机器人、量子科技等前沿交叉领域的科研逻辑与技术发展路径,实现科研全流程的智能化重构。研究强调,真正的AI4S应是人类创新思维与科学探索能力的协同升华。AI技术将科研人员从底层推理、实验设计等重复性工作中解放,使其得以聚焦顶层科学问题的凝练与科研战略的顶层设计,从而加速科学发现与技术突破。人类创造力始终是科研本质的内核,自由探索与原创理论构建仍是科学进步的基石。

人工智能  /  科研范式变革  /  生物医药  /  人形机器人  /  量子科技

In recent years, the rapid development of next−generation information technologies has propelled artificial intelligence (AI) from a versatile technical tool to a strategic cornerstone driving the emergence of new productive forces and reshaping national technological competitiveness. AI's role is undergoing a profound shift—from an "enabler" to a "definer"—fundamentally transforming research paradigms and trajectories in interdisciplinary fields. This paper systematically traces the five evolutionary stages of scientific research paradigms, focusing on the fifth: AI for Science (AI4S). Centered on AI−driven innovation, AI4S integrates advanced technologies (e.g., convolutional neural networks, graph neural networks, diffusion models, large models) to systematically reconstruct scientific logics and technological pathways in frontier disciplines, including biomedicine, humanoid robotics, and quantum science. By doing so, it realizes intelligent transformation across the entire research lifecycle. The study underscores that authentic AI4S embodies a synergistic fusion of human creativity and scientific exploration. By automating repetitive tasks (e.g., low−level reasoning, experimental design), AI empowers researchers to concentrate on high−level problem formulation and strategic scientific planning, accelerating discoveries and breakthroughs. Human ingenuity remains the bedrock of science; free exploration and original theorization are indispensable. Through human−AI collaboration, AI4S propels scientific research toward higher−order intelligence and interdisciplinary integration, defining the future of technological advancement.

artificial intelligence  /  transformation of scientific research paradigms  /  biomedicine  /  humanoid robots  /  quantum technology
曾凯, 王耀南. 人工智能驱动的科研范式变革与技术跃迁. 科技导报, 2026 , 44 (14) : 132 -141 . DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2026.03.00021
Kai ZENG, Yaonan WANG. AI−driven paradigm shift in scientific research and technological leap[J]. Science & Technology Review, 2026 , 44 (14) : 132 -141 . DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2026.03.00021
中国共产党第二十届中央委员会第四次全体会议审议通过的《中共中央关于制定国民经济和社会发展第十五个五年规划的建议》[1](以下简称《建议》)中明确提出:“前瞻布局未来产业……推动量子科技、生物制造、脑机接口、具身智能等成为新的经济增长点”,并强调“全面实施‘人工智能+’行动,以人工智能(artificial intelligence,AI)引领科研范式变革”。这一重大部署,标志着人工智能已从通用技术工具上升为塑造新质生产力、重构国家竞争格局的战略性底层能力,尤其在生物制造、量子科技、具身智能、人形机器人等前沿交叉领域,人工智能正由“赋能者”向“定义者”演进,深刻改变和重构科学技术研究范式逻辑与产业发展轨迹。
1962年,美国科学哲学家托马斯·库恩(Thomas Kuhn)提出了“范式”概念[2],科研范式是科学共同体共同遵循的世界观和研究方式。回顾科学研究的演进历程,科研范式历经5次重要跃迁。科研范式的变革在一定程度上推动了人类社会的发展,例如从蒸汽时代向智能时代的历史演进。如图1所示,第1科研范式为经验科学。其中,以伽利略的物理学为代表,通过描述记录自然现象、基于经验归纳进行实用性研究。这一范式奠定了实验科学的基础。第2科研范式为理论科学。其中,以牛顿力学和爱因斯坦相对论为典型,在自然现象基础上抽象简化,构建数学模型进行归纳总结。理论范式使科学超越了现象描述,走向规律探寻。第3科研范式为计算科学。通过电子计算机对科学实验进行模拟仿真,如模拟核试验、天气预报等。计算范式拓展了人类探索复杂系统的能力边界。第4科研范式为数据密集型科学。随着数据累积和计算设施升级,由传统的假设驱动转向基于科学数据驱动的研究范式。数据范式使科学研究能够从海量信息中挖掘规律,例如,深度学习等技术的普及与应用。
如今,正迎来第5科研范式:人工智能驱动的科学研究(AI for Science, AI4S)。这一新范式以人工智能为核心驱动力,实现科研全流程的智能化重构。与前4次范式不同,“人工智能+”通过数据驱动、仿真预测、自主优化,正在构建“智能设计—数字孪生—闭环迭代”的新型科研范式。这一变革在复杂系统领域尤为显著,无论是生命体、量子态还是物理智能体,其高维、非线性、多尺度特性恰是AI大模型与强化学习的天然应用场景。《建议》强调“加强原始创新”“推动科技创新和产业创新深度融合”,正是对这一范式转型的战略回应。“人工智能+”不仅是效率工具,更是认知方式的升级,它使科学家从“观察自然”转向“设计自然”,从“解释现象”转向“创造功能”。
本文通过聚焦人工智能技术,如卷积神经网络、图神经网络、扩散模型、大模型等技术,阐述其与生物医药、人形机器人、量子科技等前沿交叉研究方向的驱动与赋能关系。在技术层面上,系统分析AI4S如何重构生物医药、人形机器人、量子科技等前沿交叉方向的科研逻辑,加速技术成熟,驱动未来产业发展。
生物医药作为关乎国计民生的战略产业,其研发一直遵循着“靶点发现—分子设计—合成筛选—临床前研究—临床试验”的线性流程。受限于“试错驱动”的低效困境,这种研发模式面临着周期长、成本高、成功率低等挑战。低效困境的核心在于研发各环节存在数据割裂、流程断层,难以实现精准预判与高效迭代。人工智能技术的深度渗透正打破这一桎梏,Zhang等[3]在《Nature Medicine》发表评论文章,概述整个药物开发工作流程中AI应用的最新进展,包括疾病靶点的识别、药物发现、临床前和临床研究,以及上市后监测。人工智能技术持续促进生物医药技术的发展,构建起药物“设计—合成—验证”全流程智能闭环。
人工智能驱动的新科研范式出现提升了药物研发效率、降低研发成本,推动生物医药技术从“经验驱动”向“智能驱动”发展。如图2所示,在分子设计方面,人工智能通过多组学数据挖掘精准定位药物靶点,借助生成式AI模型设计高活性、高成药性的分子结构,实现了从“靶点结构分析—AI分子生成—药物设计—活性评估—成药性优化”的全流程无缝覆盖,融合生成式AI分子设计大模型、高精度虚拟筛选等原创算法,大幅提升了分子设计的效率与命中率,为新药研发提供了全新方向,实现从“盲目筛选”到“精准设计”的跨越。例如,Fry等[4]提出一套基于图神经网络的蛋白配体感知神经迭代选择—扩增(neural iterative selection–expansion,NISE)算法,通过神经迭代筛选—扩展实现药物结合蛋白的零样本设计。Su等[5]提出一个基于大语言模型(large language model,LLM)的通用型多靶点药物设计框架LaMGen,构建了专为多靶点分子生成打造的高质量数据集MTD2025,该数据集涵盖超 4000个蛋白靶点、60万个量子级精度的分子构象,以及超70万个双靶点、三靶点关联数据。LaMGen整合了ESM−C蛋白嵌入、旋转感知配体令牌与自研的TriCoupleAttention模块,能够精准捕捉多维度的靶标—配体互作关系,直接生成具备量子级精度、能量有利的3D分子构象。Zhuang等[6]提出了一种专为生物分子任务构建的大型语言模型InstructBioMol,实现了自然语言、分子和蛋白质三者之间的任意对任意对齐,并引入基于motif引导的多模态特征提取模块,有效整合序列、二维拓扑结构和三维几何信息,同时支持如药物发现与酶设计等实际科研应用。DeepMind公司发布的AlphaFold 3大模型[7],专注于蛋白质结构预测,为新药靶点发现、抗体设计提供支撑。华为公司提出的盘古药物分子大模型[8],能够在分子生成、属性预测、生物活性预测和分子优化等多个方面辅助新型药物研发。
在“药物合成”环节,AI大模型算法优化合成路线,通过预测反应效率与产物纯度,大幅缩短合成周期、降低成本。例如,耶鲁大学研究人员Li等[9]提出基于LLM的AI系统MOSAIC,能够生成带有置信度指标、可重复且可直接执行的复杂化学合成实验方案,显著提升新化合物的合成成功率。Muratspahić等[10]提出DualGPT−AB框架,通过双阶段条件GPT(generative pre−trained transformer)和强化学习策略,成功解决了治疗性抗体药物合成中多属性同时优化的挑战,重塑天然药物生物合成研究新范式。Wang等[11]提出一种基于深度知识图谱驱动的异质生物医学知识研究智能体DeepEvidence,通过多智能体协作将广度优先研究和深度优先研究结合起来,从多个生物医学知识库和文献中搜索、探索并聚合证据,用于辅助药物发现、临床前实验、临床试验开发等。Menacho等[12]提出单细胞核糖核酸(ribonucleic acid,RNA)测序数据的深度学习药物筛选框架,提升罕见神经发育疾病药物发现成功率。DeepMind公司[13]推出的Co−Scientist系统,在人工智能辅助科研领域实现了实质性跨越。Co−Scientist是一个基于Gemini构建的多智能体AI系统,专为结构化科学思考和假设生成而设计,提高了药物合成验证效率与成功率。
值得注意的是,这一智能闭环已延伸至“临床诊疗”环节,手术机器人成为重要载体。AI赋能的手术机器人将临床病例数据、影像数据与实时手术操作数据深度融合,在医学影像精准分割、术中实时导航定位、手术动作轨迹优化等核心场景得以应用。例如,DeepMind公司发布的MedGemma 1.5开源多模态模型[14],擅长医学影像理解与基因组数据分析,能够辅助医生进行病理图像识别、罕见病基因变异解读等。Lin等[15]设计了一种基于硅藻的磁性藻类微机器人,通过利用硅藻天然多级纳米孔结构进行高容量载药,利用Fe3O4磁性修饰材料实现多模态磁控运动,并进一步结合超声成像、深度学习识别和机器人磁控系统,实现膀胱腔内自主导航、肿瘤定位、局部旋转/涡旋释放和对流增强药物穿透。约翰霍普金斯大学Kim等[16]开发一种全自主的手术机器人SRT−H(hierarchical surgical robot transformer),提出一种基于语言条件模仿学习的自主手术分层框架,该框架由一个高级策略和一个低级策略组成,高级策略负责任务的规划(想),低级策略则负责生成轨迹(做)。高级策略在语言空间进行规划,传出任务指令和对低级策略部分的纠错指令,引导机器人一步步完成漫长复杂的手术过程。SRT−H能独立完成8例胆囊切除术的关键步骤,成功率100%。中国科学院自动化研究所Bian等[17]研发了自主显微眼科手术机器人系统ARISE,提出多约束目标优化方法,综合考虑显微镜视野、照明几何、软组织边界保护等多重因素,精确规划机器人末端执行器的轨迹。整个手术过程都在人监督下的力—位置—影像混合控制下进行,确保了手术的安全性。在整个眼内空间实现了自主的视网膜下和血管内注射,在眼球假体、离体猪眼球及活体动物眼球实验中,该系统均实现了100%的注射成功率,平均定位误差率比医生手动手术降低79.87%,比医生操作机器人手术降低54.61%。
未来,人工智能将持续与生物医药技术发展深度融合,大模型将作为“大脑”,串联各类生物AI工具(如蛋白/基因组预测多模态大模型)与实验室具身智能机器人,形成“AI智能体”闭环系统。AI智能体将具备自主排查实验问题、迭代实验方案、统筹复杂科研流程的能力,实现从“单点工具”到“全链路自主决策”的跨越。
人形机器人作为物理AI具身智能具象化的重要载体,正在成为连接数字智能与现实操作的关键桥梁。人形机器人集成了感知、决策、执行等几大能力,是AI走向物理世界的“终极终端”。通用AI智能体的核心要义在于具备自主感知、动态决策、灵活执行,以及跨场景自适应能力,能够像人类一样高效适配物理世界的复杂环境与多元任务。传统人形机器人受限于控制算法的僵化性与感知系统的局限性,多停留在“专用场景定制化执行”阶段,难以实现通用化适配。人工智能技术的突破为这一困境提供了破解方案。如图3所示,人形机器人具身智能关键技术围绕“感知—决策—控制—操作”等构建起全链路智能闭环,成为驱动人形机器人迈向通用智能体的核心引擎。
在具身感知方面,通常利用通用基础模型:如阿里Qwen 3 VL[18]、深度求索DeepSeek V3[19]、MiniMax M2.5[20]、智谱GLM 5.0[21]等大模型,实现机器人环境感知等基础任务。在深度估计方面,Lin等[22]提出深度估计大模型技术Depth Anything V3,通过联合利用带标签和未标记图像,充分利用大规模未标记数据的优势,通过深度模型的自我挑战和语义辅助感知,实现了更强大的单目深度估计性能。Liu等[23]提出基于几何参数自预测的视频深度估计框架GemDepth,在视频深度估计领域中首次利用几何参数作为隐式嵌入,解决现有视频深度估计在视角剧烈变化时难以维持3D几何一致性、易导致空间模糊与时序不连续的问题。在动态场景重建方面,Hu等[24]提出了一种无须训练(training−free)的动态场景重建框架,通过深入分析Visual Geometry Grounded Transformer(VGGT)的内部机制,发现并利用了隐藏在注意力层中的运动线索,利用Gram矩阵和梯度流实现了高精度的场景动静分离3D(三维)重建。Zhang等[25]提出一种动态4D(思维)重建与追踪的全新前馈3D场景重建模型D4RT,能够对任意空间与时间位置点进行独立、精准3D细腻还原,实现动态物体轨迹追踪。在机器人导航方面,Zhu等[26]提出动态场景主动探索导航框架MTU3D,该框架将主动感知与3D视觉—语言学习相结合,实现高效具身导航。Xue等[27]提出基于快慢双系统的多任务统一具身导航框架OmniNav,该框架采用快—慢双系统设计,快速系统基于视觉语言模型和流匹配策略生成连续空间路径点,支持高达5 Hz的实时控制,慢速系统通过长时记忆和前沿推理进行全局规划与子目标选择。OmniNav能够在单一架构同时处理指令目标导航、物体目标导航、点目标导航等探索任务。
在具身决策方面,Yu等[28]提出基于视觉语言大模型(vision−language model,VLM)的机器人长程任务规划方法,通过利用VLM大模型进行任务拆解规划,根据机器人操作任务和物体状态生成后续接触流,用强化学习策略跟踪这段接触流,把它落成全身动作。清华大学与上海人工智能实验室Lin等[29]提出基于Transformer的具身智能推理框架OneTwoVLA,通过将推理(reasoning)和行动(acting)统一在一个模型中,能自适应地(adaptively)决定什么时候该停下来思考,什么时候该直接行动,能够像人类一样,在关键节点(如子任务完成、错误检测、人机交互时)触发推理,其他时刻基于最新推理结果直接执行动作,成功解决了长期任务规划、动态错误恢复等4大挑战。Zhang等[30]提出基于AtomicVLA的真实世界长程任务持续学习作业框架,通过构建可扩展的原子技能库,引入技能引导的混合专家架构(SG−MoE),成功实现了机器人对复杂长程任务的精准拆解与执行,并为机器人的持续技能学习提供了新方案。Zhang等[31]提出异构多机器人系统中长时任务的自动分解与分配框架LaMMA−P,首次将大型语言模型与PDDL规划器深度融合,解决了异构多机器人系统中长时任务的自动分解与分配难题,大幅提升多机器人协同规划的智能水平。在复杂长程任务规划上取得了突破性进展,为异构多机器人协同完成复杂任务提供了全新解决方案。
在具身控制方面,Liao等[32]提出基于扩散模型的人形机器人全身运动控制框架BeyondMimic,通过训练多个强大的动作追踪策略。每个策略都专注于高质量地模仿一类人类动作(如跳跃、行走等)。将所有追踪策略的“技能”离线蒸馏(offline distillation)到一个统一的状态—动作扩散模型(state−action diffusion model)中。这个扩散模型学会了所有运动的“风格”和“动态”。在部署时,通过一个简单的引导(guidance)模块(如目标点导航、摇杆控制),来实时地引导这个统一的扩散策略,生成满足新任务需求的、同时又保持了原始动作风格的全身动作。Wang等[33]提出OmniXtreme 是一套面向高动态场景的通用人形机器人控制器,旨在解决人形动作控制中动作保真度与技能可扩展性相互制约的行业难题。Li等[34]提出了一种强化学习框架Thor,通过解耦人形机器人上半身、腰部和下半身的运动,设计了力自适应躯干倾斜(force−adaptive torso−tilt,FAT2)奖励函数,使机器人能够根据与环境的剧烈力交互调整姿态,在高强度密集接触任务中实现有限算力下的运动高频推理。MARS实验室推出OMG全模态人形运动生成框架[35],创新打造“生成大脑+跟踪小脑”的分层控制方案。依托扩散模型构建通用运动生成网络,让机器人可实时响应文本、音频、人体动作及组合指令,自主生成稳定可执行的全身运动轨迹。为人形机器人通用智能控制落地提供了全套开源方案。
在具身操作方面,清华大学与浙江大学He等[36]联手提出了ULTRA统一控制框架,该框架巧妙地将物理驱动的神经网络重定向与统一多模态特化师生蒸馏架构无缝缝合,打破了“动作重放”的桎梏,让机器人能够平滑地在“密集运动追踪”“细粒度操作指令”和“基于第一人称感知的长程目标跟随”3大模式之间自由切换,优雅地完成复杂的搬运和操纵任务。Kang等[37]提出基于分裂世界模型的人形机器人重载移动操作框架,通过解耦编码移动操作的负载与动力学上下文特征,提升人形机器人重载物体移动搬运能力。清华大学和阿里千问团队提出的VLM4VLA具身操作模型[38],实现从视觉—语言理解到机器人具身动作规划的范式转移。蚂蚁集团开源具身大模型LingBot−VLA[39],实现了机器人跨本体、跨任务泛化的具身操作。Niu等[40]提出humanoid transformer with touch dreaming(HTD)具身操作模型,通过让大模型在训练阶段主动“想象”未来接触的触觉,包括未来手部关节力和未来触觉隐空间表征,学习接触变化背后的物理规律,从而在真实人形机器人上完成更稳定的接触式操作作业。元流智能团队提出Curr−0[41],一款面向人形机器人的“移动灵巧操作”(loco−dexterous manipulation)基础模型。其核心思想是将人形机器人的“移动”与“灵巧操作”视为耦合的全身行为,通过单一策略实现移动、全身控制与精细操作的统一,以应对真实非结构化场景中的复杂任务。
相对于上述人工智能技术在感知、决策、控制、操作等方面有所侧重,已有相关研究工作尝试着将其统一。例如,Team等[42]开源新一代统一具身基模型ACE−Brain−0.5,精准锚定Physical Agentic AI(物理智能体AI)全新技术范式,彻底打破传统机器人AI技术瓶颈,打通感知、规划、行动、评估、自我进化全链路闭环,让机器人真正拥有一体化“原生大脑”。
未来,人工智能与人形机器人的融合发展将持续向物理世界通用智能体目标迈进。技术融合向“通用化+自适应”深度演进,从专用智能向通用智能跨越,重点突破模型跨场景泛化能力。通过多场景数据融合训练与迁移学习技术优化,推动人形机器人实现从“单一任务适配”到“多任务自主切换”的转变,能够灵活应对工业、家庭、应急等多元非结构化环境。
随着大模型技术的发展,算力资源已成为制约人工智能技术发展的重要瓶颈。经典人工智能技术依托二进制计算架构,在海量数据处理与模式识别领域取得突破性进展,但随着大模型参数规模指数级增长,其面临的算力天花板、能耗过高、复杂问题求解效率低下等瓶颈日益凸显。量子科技凭借量子叠加、量子纠缠、量子并行等独特物理特性,为突破这些瓶颈提供了全新路径。人工智能算力瓶颈与量子计算应用探索形成天然互补,二者深度融合可催生的“量子智能”新范式,正成为重构计算逻辑的核心力量(图4)。
Alexeev等[43]在《Nature Communications》发表论文阐述了人工智能对量子计算的影响,可以应用于量子计算硬件设计、预处理、设备控制与优化、量子纠错及后处理等环节中,强调了人工智能在推动量子计算发展中的关键作用。
在量子智能算法方面,Caro等[44]提出基于量子动力学的机器学习理论框架,解决了传统量子学习对大量数据依赖的问题。Cong等[45]提出了分析了一种量子卷积神经网络(quantum convolutional neural network,QCNN),针对包含N个量子比特的输入仅需O(log (N))个变分参数,能够在现阶段可实现的近中期量子设备上完成高效训练与部署。量子卷积神经网络可精准识别一维对称保护拓扑相对应的量子态,识别效果优于现有各类方法。Lu等[46]提出了增强型量子求解器,实现了最优的搜索空间维数约简,从而降低了量子比特需求和时间复杂度。谷歌公司的Bausch等[47]发布了一种基于Transformers的解码器AlphaQubit,能够以先进的精度识别量子计算错误,加快构建可靠量子计算机进度。Bose等[48]通过将量子计算与经典计算技术与高分辨率检测方法等进行深度融合,构建细胞行为动态监测及扰动响应提供关键途径。
在AI大模型与量子计算融合方面,Arlt等[49]提出了一种基于大语言模型的量子态实验设计方法,名为“元设计”(meta−design)的新方法,利用基于Transformer的语言模型生成人类可读的Python代码,从而自动发现能够生成整类量子态的实验设计方案。与传统AI仅能针对单一目标提供孤立解不同,该方法通过训练模型从数百万合成数据中学习通用构造规则,实现了对任意规模系统的泛化设计。Melko等[50]提出量子模拟语言大模型(language models for quantum simulation),通过借鉴LLM的架构与训练范式,将量子系统的测量数据、电路参数等转化为“量子语言”,从而让AI模型能够学习、预测和生成量子系统的行为,解决传统量子模拟中计算资源消耗多、测量数据利用率低等问题。英伟达公司开源了世界上第1个用于构建量子处理器的开放式AI模型家族——英伟达Ising量子大模型,Ising Calibration模型通过设计基于VLM架构,解析量子实验数据(如光谱图、脉冲序列输出)并理解其科学意义;Ising Decoding(解码模型)用3D CNN重塑量子纠错解码流程。在硬件层面,量子计算硬件的持续迭代为融合提供了支撑。相关科研团队正推进量子处理器与经典AI芯片的协同设计,探索“量子−经典”混合计算架构[5152],降低量子智能应用门槛。在场景应用方面,量子智能模型可高效模拟分子相互作用[53],将药物靶点筛选时间从数月缩短至数天。
总体而言,通过将量子计算的算力优势与人工智能的认知能力相结合,形成量子智能新范式。这种范式革命并非简单的技术叠加,而是对智能计算底层逻辑的重构:量子智能借助量子比特的多态性实现并行计算,可将经典人工智能中复杂优化问题的求解时间从指数级缩短至多项式级,同时大幅提升高维数据的处理效率与模型泛化能力。未来,人工智能与量子科技的融合将进入加速期,量子智能将实现从理论探索向实用化突破的跨越。量子智能算法也将实现从理论验证到实用化的跨越。
人工智能在生物医药、具身智能与人形机器人、量子科技等新兴领域的深度融合,本质上是一场由科学技术研究范式革命引发的技术革命。AI4S是多学科、多技术、多领域交叉的系统工程,它的发展正在推动学科边界的拆分与重构。在充分认识AI4S巨大潜力的同时,也要冷静审视其面临的挑战与局限。目前的AI4S还无法形成独立且自洽的“创新闭环”,其输出仍是函数关系性知识,而非传统的因果性知识。此外,AI本身可能捏造所谓的“科学事实”,形成“AI幻觉”现象。大语言模型的“致幻率”与“想象力”之间存在着难以调和的矛盾,这对科学研究的可靠性构成潜在威胁。人类创造力不可替代,科研人员应该开展自由探索和原创性的理论研究,负责凝练科学问题、把握研究方向、验证关键结论。AI 负责处理海量数据、探索高维空间、执行重复实验,将人类从底层的推理设计实验中解放出来,从而更专注于顶层的科学问题凝练和科研路线把握。因此,真正的AI4S,应是人类创新探索能力与科学研究能力的综合。
  • 国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(62303171)
  • 国家自然科学基金重大项目(62293510)
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2026年第44卷第14期
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doi: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2026.03.00021
  • 接收时间:2026-03-06
  • 首发时间:2026-08-19
  • 出版时间:2026-07-28
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  • 收稿日期:2026-03-06
  • 修回日期:2026-07-01
基金
国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(62303171)
国家自然科学基金重大项目(62293510)
作者信息
    1国防科技大学智能科学学院,长沙 410073
    2湖南大学人工智能与机器人学院,长沙 410082
    3湖南大学机器人视觉感知与控制技术国家工程研究中心,长沙 410082

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王耀南(通信作者),教授,中国工程院院士,研究方向为机器人视觉感知与控制技术,电子信箱:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
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Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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