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Article(id=1240314269418443599, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, issueId=1240314266348213063, articleNumber=null, orderNo=26, doi=10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2025.12.00113, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1746633600000, receivedDateStr=2025-05-08, revisedDate=1769702400000, revisedDateStr=2026-01-30, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773643565753, onlineDateStr=2026-03-16, pubDate=1772208000000, pubDateStr=2026-02-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773331200000, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-13, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773643565753, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774080746384, updator=sys-migrate, issue=Issue{id=1240314266348213063, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, year='2026', volume='44', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='176', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1772208000000', pubDateStr='2026-02-28', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773643565021, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1775804741433, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1249378897301807554, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, issueId=1240314266348213063, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1249378897301807555, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, issueId=1240314266348213063, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=164, endPage=171, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240314269808513880, articleId=1240314269418443599, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, language=EN, title=Research on improving China's low−noise−emission product system, columnId=1150494643415773491, journalTitle=Science & Technology Review, columnName=Policy Forum, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to implement the requirements of the "Law of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Noise Pollution" for low−noise−emission products, it is urgent to take the problem as the guide and learn from international experience to improve Chinese low−noise−emission product system. The current situation of low−noise−emission products was summarized, the international experience of low−noise−emission products was analyzed, and the suggestions for the next step of work were proposed. China has adopted measures such as levying environmental protection taxes, environmental finance, tax incentives, pricing, and government procurement in the field of noise pollution prevention and control. However, a low−noise−emission product labeling system has not yet been established in China. The standards related to low noise are not perfect, the incentive policies are insufficient, and the market supervision measures are lacking. Developed countries and regions such as the United States and Europe have established a relatively complete low−noise−emission product system, formulated laws and regulations related to low−noise−emission products, and established low−noise−emission product certification and labeling systems. Through comparative research, it is recommended that China establish a low−noise−emission product standard certification system, improve the policy incentive system, and strengthen the effectiveness of regulatory enforcement.

, authors=null, authorsList=Xinyu WEI, Ang JIA, He SUN, Xiaotao WANG, Jiangang MA, Ling YAN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Ang JIA, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=All rights reserved. Unauthorized reproduction is prohibited., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1240314272941659028, articleId=1240314269418443599, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, language=CN, title=完善中国低噪声产品制度的政策建议, columnId=1150494643549991220, journalTitle=科技导报, columnName=政策建议, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为了贯彻落实《中华人民共和国噪声污染防治法》中低噪声产品的要求，当前亟须以问题为导向，借鉴国际经验完善中国低噪声产品制度建设。梳理了低噪声产品的现状，分析了国际低噪声产品经验，提出了下一步的工作建议。中国在噪声污染防治领域已采取了征收环境保护税、环境财政、税收优惠政策、价格手段和政府采购等措施。但中国当前尚未建立低噪声产品标识制度。低噪声产品相关标准不完善，激励政策力度不足，市场监管手段欠缺。美欧等发达国家和地区构建了较为完善的低噪声产品制度体系，制定低噪声相关法律法规，建立低噪声产品认证体系和标识体系。通过比较研究，建议中国构建低噪声产品标准认证体系，完善政策激励体系，强化监管执法效能。

, authors=

魏新渝，正高级工程师，研究方向为水、噪声和光污染防治管理技术，电子信箱：

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贾昂（通信作者），工程师，研究方向为噪声和光污染防治，电子信箱：
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魏新渝，正高级工程师，研究方向为水、噪声和光污染防治管理技术，电子信箱：

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魏新渝，正高级工程师，研究方向为水、噪声和光污染防治管理技术，电子信箱：

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N表示外部滚动噪声级，dB（A）；LV表示欧盟第661/2009号法规规定的限值

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完善中国低噪声产品制度的政策建议
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魏新渝 1 , 贾昂 1, * , 孙鹤 1 , 王晓涛 1 , 马建刚 2, 3 , 闫凌 4
科技导报 | 政策建议 2026,44(4): 164-171
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科技导报 |政策建议 2026 , 44 (4) : 164 -171
完善中国低噪声产品制度的政策建议
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魏新渝1 , 贾昂1, * , 孙鹤1, 王晓涛1, 马建刚2, 3, 闫凌4
作者信息
  • 1生态环境部核与辐射安全中心，北京 100082
  • 2国网陕西省电力有限公司电力科学研究院，西安 710100
  • 3国网（西安）环保技术中心有限公司，西安 710100
  • 4中国家用电器研究院，北京 100037
通讯作者:
贾昂（通信作者），工程师，研究方向为噪声和光污染防治，电子信箱：
Research on improving China's low−noise−emission product system
Xinyu WEI1 , Ang JIA1, * , He SUN1, Xiaotao WANG1, Jiangang MA2, 3, Ling YAN4
Affiliations
  • 1Nuclear and Radiation Safety Center, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100082, China
  • 2State Grid Shaanxi Electric Power Research Institute, Xi 'an 710100, China
  • 3State Grid (Xi 'an) Environmental Protection Technique Center Co., Limited., Xi 'an 710100, China
  • 4China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, Beijing 100037, China
出版时间: 2026-02-28 doi: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2025.12.00113
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摘要
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为了贯彻落实《中华人民共和国噪声污染防治法》中低噪声产品的要求，当前亟须以问题为导向，借鉴国际经验完善中国低噪声产品制度建设。梳理了低噪声产品的现状，分析了国际低噪声产品经验，提出了下一步的工作建议。中国在噪声污染防治领域已采取了征收环境保护税、环境财政、税收优惠政策、价格手段和政府采购等措施。但中国当前尚未建立低噪声产品标识制度。低噪声产品相关标准不完善，激励政策力度不足，市场监管手段欠缺。美欧等发达国家和地区构建了较为完善的低噪声产品制度体系，制定低噪声相关法律法规，建立低噪声产品认证体系和标识体系。通过比较研究，建议中国构建低噪声产品标准认证体系，完善政策激励体系，强化监管执法效能。

低噪声产品  /  噪声  /  污染防治  /  国际经验

In order to implement the requirements of the "Law of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Noise Pollution" for low−noise−emission products, it is urgent to take the problem as the guide and learn from international experience to improve Chinese low−noise−emission product system. The current situation of low−noise−emission products was summarized, the international experience of low−noise−emission products was analyzed, and the suggestions for the next step of work were proposed. China has adopted measures such as levying environmental protection taxes, environmental finance, tax incentives, pricing, and government procurement in the field of noise pollution prevention and control. However, a low−noise−emission product labeling system has not yet been established in China. The standards related to low noise are not perfect, the incentive policies are insufficient, and the market supervision measures are lacking. Developed countries and regions such as the United States and Europe have established a relatively complete low−noise−emission product system, formulated laws and regulations related to low−noise−emission products, and established low−noise−emission product certification and labeling systems. Through comparative research, it is recommended that China establish a low−noise−emission product standard certification system, improve the policy incentive system, and strengthen the effectiveness of regulatory enforcement.

low−noise−emission products  /  noise  /  pollution prevention and control  /  international experience
魏新渝, 贾昂, 孙鹤, 王晓涛, 马建刚, 闫凌. 完善中国低噪声产品制度的政策建议. 科技导报, 2026 , 44 (4) : 164 -171 . DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2025.12.00113
Xinyu WEI, Ang JIA, He SUN, Xiaotao WANG, Jiangang MA, Ling YAN. Research on improving China's low−noise−emission product system[J]. Science & Technology Review, 2026 , 44 (4) : 164 -171 . DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2025.12.00113
正文
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中国作为全球最大的家电产销国与机械装备消费市场之一，正面临着生产、生活噪声污染带来的挑战。各类设备运转产生的噪声不仅降低居民生活品质，而且花费了巨额的公共治理成本[1−4]。在此背景下，发展低噪声产品、完善低噪声产品制度成为缓解噪声污染问题的关键举措。然而，当前中国低噪声产品市场的发展尚处于初级阶段，与发达国家相比，在制度建设、标准制定、市场推广及监管执行等方面均存在显著差距[5]。尽管部分行业已初步建立了噪声控制标准，但整体上缺乏统一、全面的低噪声产品认证与标识体系，导致消费者难以识别，市场激励机制不健全，企业研发生产低噪声产品的积极性不高[6]。此外，噪声污染防治的法律法规体系虽已搭建，但在具体实施层面，针对低噪声产品的专项政策与措施仍显不足，难以有效推动低噪声产品的普及与应用。因此，深入研究并完善中国低噪声产品制度，不仅是对《中华人民共和国噪声污染防治法》要求的积极响应，也是提升国民生活质量、促进绿色可持续发展的重要举措。
1 低噪声产品发展的现状及问题
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中国在低噪声产品领域已初步构建制度框架，在部分行业推行噪声限值标准并尝试引入认证机制。但制度体系仍存在不足：标准覆盖范围有限，认证流程规范性和透明度有待提升，缺乏统一标识体系导致消费者信息不对称。这些问题制约产品推广并削弱政策效果，亟须从标准制定、认证流程优化及标识体系建设入手，提升低噪声产品制度整体水平。
1.1 中国初步构建了低噪声产品制度
低噪声产品一般是指此类产品发出的噪声远远低于此类产品噪声限值水平[7]。党的十八大以来，中国特色社会主义法律体系不断完善，《中华人民共和国噪声污染防治法》（《噪声法》）第十六条规定：国务院标准化主管部门会同国务院发展改革、生态环境、工业和信息化、住房和城乡建设、交通运输、铁路监督管理、民用航空、海事等部门，对可能产生噪声污染的工业设备、施工机械、机动车、铁路机车车辆、城市轨道交通车辆、民用航空器、机动船舶、电气电子产品、建筑附属设备等产品，根据声环境保护的要求和国家经济、技术条件，在其技术规范或者产品质量标准中规定噪声限值；第二十七条规定：国家鼓励、支持低噪声工艺和设备的研究开发和应用；第四十一条规定：在噪声敏感建筑物集中区域施工作业，应当优先使用低噪声施工工艺和设备；第五十四条规定：采取低噪声飞行程序，防止、减轻民用航空器噪声污染。此外，与噪声污染防治工作密切相关的法律，包括《中华人民共和国环境保护法》《中华人民共和国环境保护税法》等相继完善，为经济政策在噪声污染防治领域的应用提供了法律依据。中共中央、国务院及有关部门出台了一系列噪声相关的经济政策，支持噪声污染防治工作[8−11]。中国在噪声污染防治领域已采取了征收环境保护税、环境财政、税收优惠政策、价格手段和政府采购等手段[12]。中国已从法律政策层面明确推动低噪声工艺和设备的研究开发和推广应用，从源头角度减少噪声对生活环境的影响，促进制造业高质量的发展。
中国大陆地区低噪声产品制度处于建设初期，当前尚未建立低噪声产品标识制度体系，尚未将低噪声产品纳入政府采购目录。而中国香港地区给出了低噪声施工设备目录，包括用于拆除混凝土、拆卸工程、地基工程、一般楼宇工程、装修工程、道路工程、隧道及管道安装等的低噪声施工设备，部分设备与传统设备噪声级的比较如图1[13]所示。依托欧盟认证体系和日本国土交通省认证体系建立了中国香港优质机动设备标签机制，标签样本如图2[14]所示，要求优质机动设备应符合下列任一系统的最新噪声标准：（1） 欧盟《指令2000/14/EC》第十二条；（2） 日本国土交通省《有关“低噪声”或“超低噪声”设备的条例》[15]。
中国市场需求不断增大，已发布部分低噪声产品相关要求。一是社会生活噪声和建筑施工噪声长期是投诉焦点。2024年全国受理的580余万件噪声投诉中，社会生活噪声占70.7%，建筑施工噪声占22.5%[1]。其中，家用电器及施工设备为主要的噪声来源。二是低噪声产品市场需求不断扩大。据家电数据平台统计，2024年吸油烟机和清洁电器在中国市场全年销量分别为2083万、3035万台，分别同比增长10.5%、22.8%，其中的热销产品多以低噪声为卖点。三是低噪声引导性政策陆续出台。《中华人民共和国噪声污染防治法》提出，“国家鼓励、支持低噪声工艺和设备的研究开发和应用”。在当前已发布的30余项绿色产品评价标准中有2项标准给出了产品噪声限值要求。部分地方性法规规定将低噪声路面、低噪声材料等应用于交通噪声污染防治领域[16]。2023—2024年，工业和信息化部、生态环境部、住房和城乡建设部、国家市场监督管理总局连续2年联合发布低噪声施工设备指导名录，市场促进作用明显。入围产品2023年总销量相比2022年提升50%，产销率达90%，实现销售收入约9.4亿元[1]。
1.2 中国低噪声产品制度存在的问题
低噪声产品相关标准不完善，未构建认证和标识体系。一是缺乏标准限值。部分家电、机械标准中虽有噪声限值要求，却并未对低噪声进行分级管控，市场上绝大部分以低噪声为噱头的产品无标可控，导致产品质量良莠不齐。二是未建立全国统一的认证规则和制度。与能效认证、环保认证等较成熟体系相比，低噪声认证在产品分类、检测方法、标识规范等方面均未形成统一规定，缺乏能够直观展示声学性能的分级标识体系[16]。各认证机构推出了五花八门的低噪声认证，如“绿音认证”“睡眠级低噪声认证”等。
激励政策力度不足，技术创新遭遇瓶颈。一是企业研发成本高。为实现低噪声效果，企业往往依赖声学材料、发动机、液压系统等关键技术的突破，必须加大研发投入，从而提高成本和竞争压力。如电动工程机械相较于传统燃油设备成本高出30%~50%，在政策导向不明确、激励政策不足的情况下，企业缺乏动力持续投入研发。二是产品性能难以长期稳定。部分产品出厂时未考虑全生命周期降噪效果，在使用过程中性能衰减较快，反而由“低噪声”变成了“高噪声”[16−17]。
市场监管手段欠缺，低噪声产品市场尚未培育。一是商家夸大宣传产品性能。在市场需求不旺盛和低噪声产品标准不完善的情况下，部分商家为了获取竞争优势鼓吹产品性能，消费者易被夸大宣传误导。例如，部分型号吸尘器将低噪声作为卖点，而实际噪声值在70~90 dB不等，在缺乏认证标识的情况下，消费者最终为“非低噪声”产品买单。然而，对于商家这种低噪声“虚标”的行为尚无有效处罚手段[16,18]。二是低噪声产品适用场景未被充分挖掘。噪声的产生方与承受方具有需求差异，目前低噪声产品的使用仅在少数对声环境要求较为严格的场所（如医院、学校等）成为强制要求，而在其他大部分区域（如施工工地等）产品使用者基于成本考虑仍习惯采购传统设备[19]。
2 国际的经验
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低噪声产品制度是源头防控噪声污染的重要手段，应积极解决当前存在的问题，给出对策和建议，提高低噪声产品制度实质有效性。发达国家在推动低噪声产品方面积累了丰富的经验，当前有必要进行系统总结，并借鉴其先进经验，为完善中国低噪声产品制度提供参考[7,12,20−22]。
2.1 制定完善的低噪声产品制度体系
美国《噪声控制法》给出了“低噪声产品”的定义，是指采购的产品其发出的噪声远远低于该类产品噪声排放标准的水平。《噪声控制法》围绕噪声源头防控，给出“商业流通产品的噪声排放标准”“贴标签”，以及“低噪声产品开发”等要求。美国联邦环境保护署（U.S. Environmental Protection Agency，EPA）规定主要噪声源设备的产品噪声排放限值，还可规管非上市产品的噪声，以保护公众健康和福利。产品噪声排放限值必须是性能标准，须考虑产品的性质、噪声降低最佳可行技术（best available technology，BAT）以及符合标准的成本。产品噪声排放限值应考虑产品使用的条件（单独使用，还是与其他噪声源一起使用）、通过BAT能达到的噪声削减水平及费用。制造商应保证产品符合其噪声排放限值；禁止将成本义务从制造商转移给经销商。对于新产品噪声排放限值，EPA已做规定的，任何州或其管理分支机构不得规定与EPA的不一致的数值[6,23]。美国联邦条例规定了低噪声产品申请认证需要提交的资料、低噪声产品确定过程、低噪声产品替代联邦政府现有采购产品的决策过程等内容。构建了完整的低噪声产品制度体系[24]。
2.2 由环保部门牵头低噪声产品认证
生态环境部门负责生态环境准入的监督管理。美国《噪声控制法》规定由EPA构建低噪声产品认证体系。要求EPA设立一个低噪声产品咨询委员会，以协助EPA确定哪些产品属于低噪声产品。该委员会应包括EPA或其指定人员、国家标准和技术研究所的一名代表，以及EPA认为必要的其他联邦机构和个人的代表。低噪声产品认证程序如下。（1） 申请者须按照EPA条例要求提交核证申请及相关资料，包括，产品的说明；有关产品试验设施的资料，证明该试验设施符合EPA规定的所有要求；产品试验中的全部噪声排放数据；EPA所要求的有关但不限于下列特点的数据：安全、业绩特点、产品的可靠性和低噪声特性的可靠性、维修、业务费用、符合联邦机构采购规格及EPA所要求的其他资料。（2） EPA应在《联邦公报》上公布所收到的每一项申请的通知。（3） EPA须按照条例的程序作出决定。（4） EPA需进行任何必要的调查，包括对该产品进行实际检查。（5） EPA应接受和评价有关人士的书面意见和文件，以支持或反对所审议的产品类别或型号的认证。（6） EPA应在收到妥善提交的核证申请后90 d内，确定该产品是否为低噪声产品。如果EPA确定该产品是低噪声产品，则EPA应在确定后180 d内决定该产品是否适合替代联邦政府目前购买供其使用的任何一类或几类产品。（7） 在根据（6）项作出任何裁定或决定后，EPA应立即在《联邦公报》上公布做出的决定的通知和理由。（8） 当发生产品的低噪声产品标准变化时，决定产品为低噪声产品的通知应予以撤销[24]。
2.3 将低噪声产品纳入政府采购并进行测试复核
欧美国家将经认证的低噪声产品（采购成本不超过该类产品中最廉价产品零售价的125%）纳入政府采购或租赁目录，以替代现有的采购产品。EPA决定某产品是经核证的低噪声产品所依据的数据，须纳入产品的采购合同中。EPA应在其认为适当的情况下，不时测试联邦政府购买的经认证的低噪声产品的噪声排放情况。如EPA在任何时间发现噪声排放水平超过依据认证发出的证明书中的水平，EPA须就本调查结果向该产品的供应商发出书面通知和公告，并给予该供应商进行必要的治理、调整或更换的机会。如果在EPA设定的期限内没有进行治理、调整或更换，EPA可以责令供应商重新获得低噪声产品的资格认证[24]。
2.4 制定逐步完善的贴标签制度
美国、欧盟、澳大利亚等国家和地区鼓励制造商努力提供其生产机械设备声学性能的清晰易懂的信息，在法律层面制定低噪声产品贴标签制度，例如，美国《噪声控制法》规定：EPA通过通知或贴标签的形式指明产品发出会危害公众健康或福利的噪声水平或降低噪声的效果；对低噪声产品，应向潜在用户发出通知或贴标签，说明产品发出的噪声水平或其降低噪声的效果；应将此类通知或标签贴在产品或其容器外部，或同时贴在两者上。欧美国家根据产品类型和潜在购买者或用户的不同，提供产品噪声信息的主要方式有2种：一是专门针对产品线专家或噪声控制工程师的产品噪声声明；二是针对非专业人士，适用于所有购买者的简化的噪声评级。欧盟对各种专业产品实施了强有力的详细噪声排放值申报规定，并制定了相应的测量标准。为了改善产品噪声声明质量，欧盟当前详细定义了新声明的程序[25−26]。简化的噪声评级是将噪声信息以比较的方式呈现，通过简化标签加以说明，能够区分低噪声产品和刚好符合限值要求的产品。简化的噪声评级是以易于理解的方式向公众提供噪声水平信息，使公众能够做出明智的购买决定，回答消费者提出的2个关键问题：“这个产品的声音有多大？”，以及“与其他类似产品相比，这款产品的声音有多高？”图3[27−29]给出了欧盟轮胎标签的示例。
2.5 推动实施“buy quiet”政策
噪声污染涉及生产、生活的各方面和各领域，完全靠后端行政监督，成本较高。鼓励公众购买“宁静”，激发市场活力，形成社会共治良好新局面，可以有效降低环境治理与行政监管成本。美国、欧盟、澳大利亚等国家和地区推动购买宁静计划，即“buy quiet计划”，在轮胎、电脑、家用电器等产品上设置清晰易懂的噪声信息标签，从而有助于改变公众的消费习惯。当前欧盟以及美国国家职业安全与健康研究所（National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health，NIOSH）已经开发建立机械和设备的噪声水平数据库，例如，欧盟建立了室外设备的噪声排放数据库，NIOSH开发电动工具数据库，向工具购买者、用户和电动手动工具制造商提供噪声数据，促进“buy quiet计划”的实施[30]。“Buy quiet计划”通过控制机械设备产品源头噪声，在设备设计和制造过程中使噪声较低，该方法比在制造后实施噪声控制更有效且更经济。“Buy Quiet计划”是将降噪控制分配给设备设计和制造商，降低购买者、承租人或最终用户噪声控制要求。在成本效益方面，当考虑到机械设备的生命周期成本、可能的听力损害的赔偿要求、与企业听力保护计划相关的成本、医疗保健成本（如助听器）和生产力损失等，更安静的设备的成本最低，保守估计，在购买更安静的机械设备时，每分贝可节省至少100美元。这种节省适用于各种机械设备[31]。
3 完善中国低噪声产品制度建议
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为切实回应人民群众对美好生活环境的热切期盼，减少噪声问题后期监管行政成本，激发市场活力，亟需构建适应中国国情的低噪声产品监管制度，低噪声产品制度建设框架如图4所示。考虑到当前市场需求与前期工作基础，可在低噪声施工设备与低噪声家用电器方面率先开展探索。
3.1 构建标准认证体系，夯实管理基础
一是健全低噪声产品标准体系。一方面分领域分步骤在家用电器、施工设备、工业设备和交通运输工具领域完善低噪声产品限值标准（图5），明确满足低噪声产品门槛要求。逐步扩大标准覆盖范围并定期更新，为企业生产、市场监管以及消费者选择提供明确依据。二是建立完善的低噪声产品认证体系。可采取国家发布名录与企业自主申请认证“双轨并行”，对于低噪声施工设备，发布名录明确范围，对于家用电器等产品，在检测达标后进行备案，并建立全国统一的低噪声认证规则和制度。三是建立低噪声产品标识体系。建立低噪声产品分级标识体系、名录范围内设备以及经过备案产品张贴“低噪声标识”，消费者可以更容易地识别出符合低噪声要求的产品。
3.2 完善政策激励体系，激发市场活力
一是加大财税支持力度。对于生产、销售低噪声产品的企业，通过所得税、增值税优惠等方式给予激励，帮助企业开拓市场；对于使用低噪声产品的企业，通过环境保护税税额减免等措施鼓励优先选用，降低生产作业噪声污染。二是纳入政府采购目录。将张贴“低噪声标识”产品按规定纳入政府优先或强制采购目录，完善采购标准及流程，降低采购成本；政府部门办公地位于噪声敏感建筑物集中区域内的可提高采购比例。三是宣传“购买宁静”理念，增强消费者信心。培养消费者宁静生活意识，推动制造、销售企业合作打造“宁静市场”案例，为消费者提供产品噪声声明，通过国家或地方补贴降低购买成本，增强购买信心。
3.3 强化监管执法效能，净化市场环境
一是强化监管执法。细化低噪声产品的抽检频率与范围，严格检测降噪性能。建立常态化巡查机制，对虚假宣传、以次充好的企业依法依规严肃处罚，提高违规成本。二是建立惩戒机制。将违规企业纳入黑名单并向社会公示，在市场准入、政府采购等方面予以限制，并向金融机构推送风险提示。三是构建智慧监管平台。建立全国统一的低噪声产品监管信息平台，集成企业备案、检测数据、用户投诉、执法记录等全链条信息，实现一码溯源管理。
4 结论
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综上所述，低噪声产品制度是源头防控噪声污染、回应公众对宁静环境需求的关键举措。当前中国低噪声产品制度虽已初步构建，但在标准认证体系、政策激励机制、市场监管效能等方面仍存在不足，同时产品适用场景挖掘不充分，制约了制度的实质有效性。通过对美国、欧盟等发达国家和地区经验的系统梳理可见，构建完善的制度体系、由环保部门牵头认证、将低噪声产品纳入政府采购并进行测试复核、实施逐步完善的贴标签制度以及推动“buy quiet”政策，是其成功实践的核心要素。基于中国国情，提出了构建标准认证体系以夯实管理基础、完善政策激励体系以激发市场活力、强化监管执法效能以净化市场环境的具体建议，并建议优先在低噪声施工设备与家用电器领域开展探索。通过上述措施的协同推进，有望构建起适应中国发展阶段、具有中国特色的低噪声产品监管制度，从而有效降低噪声污染，减少后期监管行政成本，激发市场主体参与低噪声产品研发、生产与消费的积极性，最终实现环境效益、经济效益与社会效益的统一，为建设宁静和谐的人居环境提供有力支撑。未来，还需根据制度实施效果和社会经济发展水平，持续优化和完善相关政策，推动低噪声产品制度在更广泛领域发挥作用。
基金
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  • 国网陕西省电力有限公司科技项目(5226KY22000W)
文献
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doi: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2025.12.00113
  • 接收时间：2025-05-08
  • 首发时间：2026-03-16
  • 出版时间：2026-02-28
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  • 收稿日期：2025-05-08
  • 修回日期：2026-01-30
基金
国网陕西省电力有限公司科技项目(5226KY22000W)
作者信息
    1生态环境部核与辐射安全中心，北京 100082
    2国网陕西省电力有限公司电力科学研究院，西安 710100
    3国网（西安）环保技术中心有限公司，西安 710100
    4中国家用电器研究院，北京 100037

通讯作者:

贾昂（通信作者），工程师，研究方向为噪声和光污染防治，电子信箱：
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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