Article(id=1259534376065425778, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, issueId=1259534365424476487, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2025.12.00079, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1765814400000, receivedDateStr=2025-12-16, revisedDate=1770998400000, revisedDateStr=2026-02-14, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1778225996271, onlineDateStr=2026-05-08, pubDate=1777305600000, pubDateStr=2026-04-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1778225996271, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-05-08, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1778225996271, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1778225996271, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1259534365424476487, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, year='2026', volume='44', issue='8', pageStart='1', pageEnd='132', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1777305600000', pubDateStr='2026-04-28', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1778225993734, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1779872078796, updator='15210826404', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1266438546735915246, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, issueId=1259534365424476487, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1266438546735915247, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, issueId=1259534365424476487, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=75, endPage=86, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1259534377873170814, articleId=1259534376065425778, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, language=EN, title=Research progress in multifunctional coupled radiative cooling materials, columnId=1150494642224591153, journalTitle=Science & Technology Review, columnName=Exclusive, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Passive daytime radiative cooling (PDRC) enables electricity−free heat dissipation through the atmospheric transparency window, yet conventional static spectral designs struggle to adapt to diverse climatic conditions and application demands. This review systematically examines the recent progress in multifunctional coupling strategies for PDRC across three key directions: intelligent thermal management, energy harvesting, and integration with emerging functionalities. In the realm of intelligent thermal management, we summarize passive mechanisms responsive to temperature and humidity, as well as active regulation via mechanical and electrical stimuli, highlighting the transition from continuous cooling to on−demand thermal control. Regarding energy harvesting, we analyze synergistic approaches combining PDRC with thermoelectric generators, triboelectric nanogenerators, and atmospheric water harvesting, revealing the mechanisms that enable integrated cooling, power generation, and water collection. For emerging functionalities, we introduce coupling schemes involving photoluminescence, sensing, and structural color design, illustrating innovative solutions that resolve the inherent trade−off between coloration and cooling performance while expanding application boundaries. Based on these analyses, we identify common challenges in current research, including trade−offs in material performance, long−term stability, system integration complexity, economic feasibility, and environmental adaptability. Future efforts should focus on the synergistic design of stimuli−responsive materials and efficient energy conversion structures, establish performance evaluation frameworks under diverse service conditions, and promote the evolution of multifunctional coupled radiative cooling technologies toward adaptive, scalable, and multi−energy complementary intelligent platforms.

, authors=null, authorsList=Yifan ZHANG, Yuetong ZHOU, Dingxiang YAN, Rujun MA, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Dingxiang YAN, Rujun MA, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=All rights reserved. Unauthorized reproduction is prohibited., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1259534387750756834, articleId=1259534376065425778, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, language=CN, title=多功能耦合辐射制冷材料的研究进展, columnId=1150494642375586098, journalTitle=科技导报, columnName=特色专题, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

被动式日间辐射制冷(passive daytime radiative cooling,PDRC)依托“大气透明窗口”实现零耗电散热,但传统静态光谱设计难以适应多气候条件与多样化应用需求。围绕PDRC技术的多功能耦合发展路径,综述了其在智能热管理、能量收集及新兴功能集成3个方向的研究进展。在智能热管理方面,介绍了温度、湿度被动响应及机械力、电主动响应机制,探讨了从“持续制冷”向“按需调控”的跨越路径;在能量收集方面,分析了辐射制冷与温差发电、摩擦纳米发电及大气水收集的协同策略,揭示了“冷却−发电−集水”一体化的增效机制;在新兴功能集成方面,介绍了光致发光、传感与结构色设计等耦合方案,阐述了解决着色与冷却性能矛盾、拓展应用边界的创新思路。在此基础上,指出了当前研究在材料性能权衡、长期稳定性、系统集成复杂度、经济性与环境适应性等方面面临的共性挑战。建议未来研究应聚焦于智能响应材料与高效能量转换结构的协同设计,建立多场景服役性能评估体系,推动多功能耦合辐射制冷技术向自适应、可规模化、多能互补的智能平台发展。

, authors=

张一帆,博士研究生,研究方向为辐射制冷材料的制备与应用,电子信箱:

, authorsList=张一帆, 周玥桐, 鄢定祥, 马儒军, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=鄢定祥, 马儒军, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
鄢定祥(通信作者),教授,研究方向为航空航天高分子材料的成型加工、高性能及功能器件,电子信箱:;
马儒军(共同通信作者),教授,研究方向为柔性主动/被动制冷材料的研制及器件的制备,电子信箱:
, copyrightStatement=版权所有,未经授权,不得转载。, copyrightOwner=《科技导报》编辑部, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=a+ZpR6L25gPGe+cxeYa0Hw==, magXml=pFsYLDBgATq2SDoMJ1NFVg==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=3hS7wjoA6pJhq/WZL+daQg==, pdfFileSize=4984674, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=An68KDbAZD+M3uEC0yvL7w==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=r8Bo/fFn+i2EjHJGgE0vjQ==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1259534390074401285, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=zhangyifan0701@stu.scu.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1259534390506414608, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, authorId=1259534390074401285, language=EN, stringName=Yifan ZHANG, firstName=Yifan, middleName=null, lastName=ZHANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
2School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Robotic Satellite Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Advanced Spatial Mechanism and Intelligent Spacecraft, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1259534390812598807, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, authorId=1259534390074401285, language=CN, stringName=张一帆, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1南开大学材料科学与工程学院,天津 300350
2四川大学空天科学与工程学院,机器人卫星四川省重点实验室,空间先进机构与智能飞行器教育部重点实验室,成都 610065, bio={"content":"

张一帆,博士研究生,研究方向为辐射制冷材料的制备与应用,电子信箱:

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

张一帆,博士研究生,研究方向为辐射制冷材料的制备与应用,电子信箱:

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1259534388455399922, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1259534388467982836, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, companyId=1259534388455399922, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1259534388472177141, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, companyId=1259534388455399922, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1南开大学材料科学与工程学院,天津 300350)]), AuthorCompany(id=1259534388849664507, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1259534388874830332, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, companyId=1259534388849664507, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Robotic Satellite Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Advanced Spatial Mechanism and Intelligent Spacecraft, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1259534388883218941, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, companyId=1259534388849664507, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2四川大学空天科学与工程学院,机器人卫星四川省重点实验室,空间先进机构与智能飞行器教育部重点实验室,成都 610065)])]), Author(id=1259534391076839966, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1259534391513047590, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, authorId=1259534391076839966, language=EN, stringName=Yuetong ZHOU, firstName=Yuetong, middleName=null, lastName=ZHOU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1259534392221884969, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, authorId=1259534391076839966, language=CN, stringName=周玥桐, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1南开大学材料科学与工程学院,天津 300350, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1259534388455399922, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1259534388467982836, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, companyId=1259534388455399922, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1259534388472177141, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, companyId=1259534388455399922, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1南开大学材料科学与工程学院,天津 300350)])]), Author(id=1259534392393851436, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=yandingxiang@scu.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1259534393115271730, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, authorId=1259534392393851436, language=EN, stringName=Dingxiang YAN, firstName=Dingxiang, middleName=null, lastName=YAN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, *, address=2School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Robotic Satellite Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Advanced Spatial Mechanism and Intelligent Spacecraft, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1259534393526313525, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, authorId=1259534392393851436, language=CN, stringName=鄢定祥, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, *, address=2四川大学空天科学与工程学院,机器人卫星四川省重点实验室,空间先进机构与智能飞行器教育部重点实验室,成都 610065, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1259534388849664507, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1259534388874830332, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, companyId=1259534388849664507, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Robotic Satellite Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Advanced Spatial Mechanism and Intelligent Spacecraft, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1259534388883218941, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, companyId=1259534388849664507, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2四川大学空天科学与工程学院,机器人卫星四川省重点实验室,空间先进机构与智能飞行器教育部重点实验室,成都 610065)])]), Author(id=1259534393907995194, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=malab@nankai.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1259534394377757248, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, authorId=1259534393907995194, language=EN, stringName=Rujun MA, firstName=Rujun, middleName=null, lastName=MA, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, *, address=1School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1259534394855907907, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, authorId=1259534393907995194, language=CN, stringName=马儒军, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, *, address=1南开大学材料科学与工程学院,天津 300350, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1259534388455399922, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1259534388467982836, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, companyId=1259534388455399922, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1259534388472177141, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, companyId=1259534388455399922, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1南开大学材料科学与工程学院,天津 300350)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1259534395568939592, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=radiative cooling), Keyword(id=1259534396021924427, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=multifunctional coupling), Keyword(id=1259534396470714960, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=intelligent thermal management), Keyword(id=1259534396814647891, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=energy harvesting), Keyword(id=1259534397288604247, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, language=EN, orderNo=5, keyword=smart materials), Keyword(id=1259534397817086554, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=辐射制冷), Keyword(id=1259534398995685982, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=多功能耦合), Keyword(id=1259534399226372705, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=智能热管理), Keyword(id=1259534399503196771, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=能量收集), Keyword(id=1259534399817769573, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=智能材料)], refs=[Reference(id=1259534407564649124, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2026, volume=36, issue=7, pageStart=e13665, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=Liu W W, Dong Y M, Li M Y, journalName=Advanced Functional Materials, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liu W W, Dong Y M, Li M Y, et al. Weather−adaptive Janus aerogel integrated with phase change materials enables dual−mode thermal regulation via radiative cooling and solar heating[J]. Advanced Functional Materials, 2026, 36(7): e13665., articleTitle=Weather−adaptive Janus aerogel integrated with phase change materials enables dual−mode thermal regulation via radiative cooling and solar heating, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1259534407728226983, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=43, issue=3, pageStart=1, pageEnd=14, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=1, authorNames=郭晨玥, 潘浩丹, 徐琪皓, journalName=制冷学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=郭晨玥, 潘浩丹, 徐琪皓, . 天空辐射制冷技术发展现状与展望[J]. 制冷学报, 2022, 43(3): 1-14., articleTitle=天空辐射制冷技术发展现状与展望, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1259534407879221929, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=515, issue=7528, pageStart=540, pageEnd=544, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=2, authorNames=Raman A P, Abou Anoma M, Zhu L X, journalName=Nature, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Raman A P, Abou Anoma M, Zhu L X, et al. Passive radiative cooling below ambient air temperature under direct sunlight[J]. Nature, 2014, 515(7528): 540-544., articleTitle=Passive radiative cooling below ambient air temperature under direct sunlight, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1259534408147657389, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=16, issue=3, pageStart=182, pageEnd=190, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=3, authorNames=Fan S H, Li W, journalName=Nature Photonics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Fan S H, Li W. Photonics and thermodynamics concepts in radiative cooling[J]. Nature Photonics, 2022, 16(3): 182-190., articleTitle=Photonics and thermodynamics concepts in radiative cooling, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1259534408592253616, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=54, issue=23, pageStart=11302, pageEnd=11367, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=4, authorNames=Hu C C, Zhang W, Yang J Q, journalName=Chemical Society Reviews, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Hu C C, Zhang W, Yang J Q, et al. Chemiresistive gas sensors for intelligent sensing: Design strategies, emerging applications and future challenges[J]. Chemical Society Reviews, 2025, 54(23): 11302-11367., articleTitle=Chemiresistive gas sensors for intelligent sensing: Design strategies, emerging applications and future challenges, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1259534408906826418, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=49, issue=15, pageStart=5601, pageEnd=5638, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=5, authorNames=Rubio−Giménez V, Tatay S, Martí−Gastaldo C, journalName=Chemical Society Reviews, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Rubio−Giménez V, Tatay S, Martí−Gastaldo C. Electrical conductivity and magnetic bistability in metal–organic frameworks and coordination polymers: Charge transport and spin crossover at the nanoscale[J]. Chemical Society Reviews, 2020, 49(15): 5601-5638., articleTitle=Electrical conductivity and magnetic bistability in metal–organic frameworks and coordination polymers: Charge transport and spin crossover at the nanoscale, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1259534409233982133, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=134, issue=null, pageStart=110580, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=6, authorNames=Zhou J L, Zeng Q, Liu Y J, journalName=Nano Energy, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhou J L, Zeng Q, Liu Y J, et al. Bio−inspired dual−mode Janus film with optical adaptation for spatial thermal management and year−round energy saving[J]. Nano Energy, 2025, 134: 110580., articleTitle=Bio−inspired dual−mode Janus film with optical adaptation for spatial thermal management and year−round energy saving, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1259534409460474552, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=503, issue=null, pageStart=158664, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=7, authorNames=Zhang X, Zhang T, Cao Y, journalName=Chemical Engineering Journal, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang X, Zhang T, Cao Y, et al. A Janus infrared emission dual−mode super−fabric for sustainable efficient thermal management[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2025, 503: 158664., articleTitle=A Janus infrared emission dual−mode super−fabric for sustainable efficient thermal management, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1259534409590497979, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=36, issue=33, pageStart=2403223, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=8, authorNames=Cheng N B, Wang Z H, Lin Y Y, journalName=Advanced Materials, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Cheng N B, Wang Z H, Lin Y Y, et al. Breathable dual−mode leather−like nanotextile for efficient daytime radiative cooling and heating[J]. Advanced Materials, 2024, 36(33): 2403223., articleTitle=Breathable dual−mode leather−like nanotextile for efficient daytime radiative cooling and heating, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1259534409783435966, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=116, issue=null, pageStart=108842, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=9, authorNames=Fan C H, Long Z W, Zhang Y X, journalName=Nano Energy, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Fan C H, Long Z W, Zhang Y X, et al. Robust integration of energy harvesting with daytime radiative cooling enables wearing thermal comfort self−powered electronic devices[J]. Nano Energy, 2023, 116: 108842., articleTitle=Robust integration of energy harvesting with daytime radiative cooling enables wearing thermal comfort self−powered electronic devices, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1259534409967985346, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=10, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Feng L N, Wang K K, Xi A K, et al. Wearable radiative cooling fabrics for personal thermal management[J/OL]. Advanced Materials Technologies, 2025, e01351 [2026−03−27]. https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.202501351., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1259534410152534723, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=32, issue=22, pageStart=2200548, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=11, authorNames=Li L, Liu W D, Liu Q F, journalName=Advanced Functional Materials, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li L, Liu W D, Liu Q F, et al. Multifunctional wearable thermoelectrics for personal thermal management[J]. Advanced Functional Materials, 2022, 32(22): 2200548., articleTitle=Multifunctional wearable thermoelectrics for personal thermal management, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1259534410521633479, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=374, issue=6574, pageStart=1501, pageEnd=1504, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=12, authorNames=Wang S C, Jiang T Y, Meng Y, journalName=Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang S C, Jiang T Y, Meng Y, et al. Scalable thermochromic smart windows with passive radiative cooling regulation[J]. Science, 2021, 374(6574): 1501-1504., articleTitle=Scalable thermochromic smart windows with passive radiative cooling regulation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1259534410769097417, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=19, issue=8, pageStart=8294, pageEnd=8302, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=13, authorNames=Lan C T, Liang M C, Meng J, journalName=ACS Nano, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Lan C T, Liang M C, Meng J, et al. Humidity−responsive actuator−based smart personal thermal management fabrics achieved by solar thermal heating and sweat−evaporation cooling[J]. ACS Nano, 2025, 19(8): 8294-8302., articleTitle=Humidity−responsive actuator−based smart personal thermal management fabrics achieved by solar thermal heating and sweat−evaporation cooling, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1259534410911703755, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=34, issue=13, pageStart=2310774, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=14, authorNames=Dong J W, Feng Y Z, Lin K, journalName=Advanced Functional Materials, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Dong J W, Feng Y Z, Lin K, et al. A stretchable electromagnetic interference shielding fabric with dual−mode passive personal thermal management[J]. Advanced Functional Materials, 2024, 34(13): 2310774., articleTitle=A stretchable electromagnetic interference shielding fabric with dual−mode passive personal thermal management, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1259534411238859470, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=35, issue=15, pageStart=2419378, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=15, authorNames=Zhao S M, Wu X K, Guo Z Y, journalName=Advanced Functional Materials, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhao S M, Wu X K, Guo Z Y, et al. An electro−driven dynamic and multicolored radiative thermal regulation material for all−year−round building energy saving[J]. Advanced Functional Materials, 2025, 35(15): 2419378., articleTitle=An electro−driven dynamic and multicolored radiative thermal regulation material for all−year−round building energy saving, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1259534413000467152, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=12, issue=30, pageStart=e04483, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=16, authorNames=Zhao X Y, Chen Q X, Fan F, journalName=Advanced Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhao X Y, Chen Q X, Fan F, et al. Dual−band electrochromic smart window for dynamic switching between radiative cooling and solar heating[J]. Advanced Science, 2025, 12(30): e04483., articleTitle=Dual−band electrochromic smart window for dynamic switching between radiative cooling and solar heating, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1259534413164045010, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=68, issue=18, pageStart=2054, pageEnd=2062, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=17, authorNames=Min X Z, Wang X Y, Li J L, journalName=Science Bulletin, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Min X Z, Wang X Y, Li J L, et al. A smart thermal−gated bilayer membrane for temperature−adaptive radiative cooling and solar heating[J]. Science Bulletin, 2023, 68(18): 2054-2062., articleTitle=A smart thermal−gated bilayer membrane for temperature−adaptive radiative cooling and solar heating, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1259534413260514004, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=374, issue=6574, pageStart=1504, pageEnd=1509, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=18, authorNames=Tang K C, Dong K C, Li J C, journalName=Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Tang K C, Dong K C, Li J C, et al. Temperature−adaptive radiative coating for all−season household thermal regulation[J]. Science, 2021, 374(6574): 1504-1509., articleTitle=Temperature−adaptive radiative coating for all−season household thermal regulation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1259534413436674775, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2026, volume=36, issue=11, pageStart=e15535, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=19, authorNames=Wei W, Tian Y Q, Shao Z W, journalName=Advanced Functional Materials, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wei W, Tian Y Q, Shao Z W, et al. Self−adaptive metafabric enabling thermal rectification and radiative–phase change energy cycling for all−weather thermal regulation[J]. Advanced Functional Materials, 2026, 36(11): e15535., articleTitle=Self−adaptive metafabric enabling thermal rectification and radiative–phase change energy cycling for all−weather thermal regulation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1259534413797384923, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=119, issue=38, pageStart=e2207353119, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=20, authorNames=Zhang Q, Wang Y F, Lv Y W, journalName=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang Q, Wang Y F, Lv Y W, et al. Bioinspired zero−energy thermal−management device based on visible and infrared thermochromism for all−season energy saving[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2022, 119(38): e2207353119., articleTitle=Bioinspired zero−energy thermal−management device based on visible and infrared thermochromism for all−season energy saving, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1259534413919019742, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=13, issue=null, pageStart=4874, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=21, authorNames=Zhang Q, Lv Y W, Wang Y F, journalName=Nature Communications, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang Q, Lv Y W, Wang Y F, et al. Temperature−dependent dual−mode thermal management device with net zero energy for year−round energy saving[J]. Nature Communications, 2022, 13: 4874., articleTitle=Temperature−dependent dual−mode thermal management device with net zero energy for year−round energy saving, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1259534414036460257, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=32, issue=27, pageStart=2203582, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=22, authorNames=Fei J P, Han D, Ge J Y, journalName=Advanced Functional Materials, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Fei J P, Han D, Ge J Y, et al. Switchable surface coating for bifunctional passive radiative cooling and solar heating[J]. Advanced Functional Materials, 2022, 32(27): 2203582., articleTitle=Switchable surface coating for bifunctional passive radiative cooling and solar heating, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1259534414216815331, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=32, issue=48, pageStart=2208144, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=23, authorNames=Zhang C L, Yang J L, Li Y, journalName=Advanced Functional Materials, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang C L, Yang J L, Li Y, et al. Vapor–liquid transition−based broadband light modulation for self−adaptive thermal management[J]. Advanced Functional Materials, 2022, 32(48): 2208144., articleTitle=Vapor–liquid transition−based broadband light modulation for self−adaptive thermal management, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1259534414430724836, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=14, issue=null, pageStart=6707, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=24, authorNames=Galib R H, Tian Y P, Lei Y, journalName=Nature Communications, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Galib R H, Tian Y P, Lei Y, et al. Atmospheric−moisture−induced polyacrylate hydrogels for hybrid passive cooling[J]. Nature Communications, 2023, 14: 6707., articleTitle=Atmospheric−moisture−induced polyacrylate hydrogels for hybrid passive cooling, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1259534414531388136, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=36, issue=39, pageStart=2400930, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=25, authorNames=Lee S E, Seo J, Kim S, journalName=Advanced Materials, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Lee S E, Seo J, Kim S, et al. Reversible solar heating and radiative cooling devices via mechanically guided assembly of 3D macro/microstructures[J]. Advanced Materials, 2024, 36(39): 2400930., articleTitle=Reversible solar heating and radiative cooling devices via mechanically guided assembly of 3D macro/microstructures, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1259534414678188778, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=211, issue=null, pageStart=118527, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=26, authorNames=Butler A, Argyropoulos C, journalName=Applied Thermal Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Butler A, Argyropoulos C. Mechanically tunable radiative cooling for adaptive thermal control[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2022, 211: 118527., articleTitle=Mechanically tunable radiative cooling for adaptive thermal control, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1259534414938235630, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=36, issue=27, pageStart=2401869, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=27, authorNames=Deng Y, Yang Y H, Xiao Y H, journalName=Advanced Materials, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Deng Y, Yang Y H, Xiao Y H, et al. Annual energy−saving smart windows with actively controllable passive radiative cooling and multimode heating regulation[J]. Advanced Materials, 2024, 36(27): 2401869., articleTitle=Annual energy−saving smart windows with actively controllable passive radiative cooling and multimode heating regulation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1259534415185699569, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=17, issue=1, pageStart=233, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=28, authorNames=Zhang Z W, Yu M N, Ma C, journalName=Nano−Micro Letters, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang Z W, Yu M N, Ma C, et al. A Janus smart window for temperature−adaptive radiative cooling and adjustable solar transmittance[J]. Nano−Micro Letters, 2025, 17(1): 233., articleTitle=A Janus smart window for temperature−adaptive radiative cooling and adjustable solar transmittance, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1259534415370248948, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2026, volume=36, issue=23, pageStart=e23554, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=29, authorNames=Yang X Q, Yang Y H, Deng Y, journalName=Advanced Functional Materials, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yang X Q, Yang Y H, Deng Y, et al. Enhancing thermal management performance of switchable radiative cooling film by multiple wavelength modulation[J]. Advanced Functional Materials, 2026, 36(23): e23554., articleTitle=Enhancing thermal management performance of switchable radiative cooling film by multiple wavelength modulation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1259534415500272374, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=6, issue=4, pageStart=428, pageEnd=437, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=30, authorNames=Sui C X, Pu J K, Chen T H, journalName=Nature Sustainability, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Sui C X, Pu J K, Chen T H, et al. Dynamic electrochromism for all−season radiative thermoregulation[J]. Nature Sustainability, 2023, 6(4): 428-437., articleTitle=Dynamic electrochromism for all−season radiative thermoregulation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1259534415684821752, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=10, issue=7, pageStart=3231, pageEnd=3240, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=31, authorNames=Wang W H, Wang L, Jin S H, journalName=ACS Energy Letters, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang W H, Wang L, Jin S H, et al. Electrochromic harvester for all−day energy savings in buildings[J]. ACS Energy Letters, 2025, 10(7): 3231-3240., articleTitle=Electrochromic harvester for all−day energy savings in buildings, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1259534417391903482, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=15, issue=null, pageStart=6100, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[33], rfOrder=32, authorNames=Guo C Y, Tang H J, Wang P F, journalName=Nature Communications, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Guo C Y, Tang H J, Wang P F, et al. Radiative cooling assisted self−sustaining and highly efficient moisture energy harvesting[J]. Nature Communications, 2024, 15: 6100., articleTitle=Radiative cooling assisted self−sustaining and highly efficient moisture energy harvesting, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1259534417748419323, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=18, issue=45, pageStart=31085, pageEnd=31097, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[34], rfOrder=33, authorNames=Liu R M, Xia K Q, Yu T, journalName=ACS Nano, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liu R M, Xia K Q, Yu T, et al. Multifunctional smart fabrics with integration of self−cleaning, energy harvesting, and thermal management properties[J]. ACS Nano, 2024, 18(45): 31085-31097., articleTitle=Multifunctional smart fabrics with integration of self−cleaning, energy harvesting, and thermal management properties, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1259534417966523132, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=2, issue=2, pageStart=100338, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[35], rfOrder=34, authorNames=Zhou L, Song H M, Zhang N, journalName=Cell Reports Physical Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhou L, Song H M, Zhang N, et al. Hybrid concentrated radiative cooling and solar heating in a single system[J]. Cell Reports Physical Science, 2021, 2(2): 100338., articleTitle=Hybrid concentrated radiative cooling and solar heating in a single system, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1259534418306261757, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=13, issue=null, pageStart=6771, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[36], rfOrder=35, authorNames=Li T X, Wu M Q, Xu J X, journalName=Nature Communications, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li T X, Wu M Q, Xu J X, et al. Simultaneous atmospheric water production and 24−hour power generation enabled by moisture−induced energy harvesting[J]. Nature Communications, 2022, 13: 6771., articleTitle=Simultaneous atmospheric water production and 24−hour power generation enabled by moisture−induced energy harvesting, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1259534418654388990, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2026, volume=38, issue=5, pageStart=e16401, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[37], rfOrder=36, authorNames=Shi X J, Luo Y, Liu C H, journalName=Advanced Materials, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Shi X J, Luo Y, Liu C H, et al. Sustainable all−biomass radiative coolers with biomimetic thorny fiber for enhanced thermoelectric power generation[J]. Advanced Materials, 2026, 38(5): e16401., articleTitle=Sustainable all−biomass radiative coolers with biomimetic thorny fiber for enhanced thermoelectric power generation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1259534418868298495, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=12, issue=10, pageStart=3546, pageEnd=3558, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[38], rfOrder=37, authorNames=Li L G, Xing D D, Yu H, journalName=Materials Horizons, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li L G, Xing D D, Yu H, et al. CO2−crosslinked cellulose for radiative−cooling−driven passive thermoelectric devices: One stone, two birds[J]. Materials Horizons, 2025, 12(10): 3546-3558., articleTitle=CO2−crosslinked cellulose for radiative−cooling−driven passive thermoelectric devices: One stone, two birds, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1259534419019293440, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=15, issue=null, pageStart=6537, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[39], rfOrder=38, authorNames=Lee G, Kang H, Yun J, journalName=Nature Communications, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Lee G, Kang H, Yun J, et al. Integrated triboelectric nanogenerator and radiative cooler for all−weather transparent glass surfaces[J]. Nature Communications, 2024, 15: 6537., articleTitle=Integrated triboelectric nanogenerator and radiative cooler for all−weather transparent glass surfaces, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1259534419321283329, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=123, issue=null, pageStart=109393, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[40], rfOrder=39, authorNames=Zhang S, Liu Z K, Zhang W B, journalName=Nano Energy, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang S, Liu Z K, Zhang W B, et al. Multi−bioinspired flexible thermal emitters for all−day radiative cooling and wearable self−powered thermoelectric generation[J]. Nano Energy, 2024, 123: 109393., articleTitle=Multi−bioinspired flexible thermal emitters for all−day radiative cooling and wearable self−powered thermoelectric generation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1259534419644244738, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=36, issue=51, pageStart=2470407, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[41], rfOrder=40, authorNames=Ahmad S, Siddiqui A R, Yang K J, journalName=Advanced Materials, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ahmad S, Siddiqui A R, Yang K J, et al. Lubricated surface in a vertical double−sided architecture for radiative cooling and atmospheric water harvesting[J]. Advanced Materials, 2024, 36(51): 2470407., articleTitle=Lubricated surface in a vertical double−sided architecture for radiative cooling and atmospheric water harvesting, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1259534419862348547, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=35, issue=52, pageStart=e07761, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[42], rfOrder=41, authorNames=Chen M J, Wang J P, Li Q, journalName=Advanced Functional Materials, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Chen M J, Wang J P, Li Q. Hybrid directional radiative cooling and solar heating for efficient water harvesting via interior natural convection[J]. Advanced Functional Materials, 2025, 35(52): e07761., articleTitle=Hybrid directional radiative cooling and solar heating for efficient water harvesting via interior natural convection, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1259534420038509316, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=38, issue=4, pageStart=572, pageEnd=589, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[43], rfOrder=42, authorNames=刘熙远, 傅强, 邓华, journalName=高分子通报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘熙远, 傅强, 邓华. 多功能聚合物基辐射制冷材料的发展近况及应用[J]. 高分子通报, 2025, 38(4): 572-589., articleTitle=多功能聚合物基辐射制冷材料的发展近况及应用, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1259534420151755525, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=924, issue=null, pageStart=166480, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[44], rfOrder=43, authorNames=Huang J, Fan D S, journalName=Journal of Alloys and Compounds, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Huang J, Fan D S. Core−shell microspheres hybridized membrane for light emitting and radiative cooling[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2022, 924: 166480., articleTitle=Core−shell microspheres hybridized membrane for light emitting and radiative cooling, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1259534420269196038, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=266, issue=null, pageStart=112693, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[45], rfOrder=44, authorNames=Xia H, Fan C Z, journalName=Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Xia H, Fan C Z. Polarization controllable colored radiative cooler based on photonic metamaterial[J]. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 2024, 266: 112693., articleTitle=Polarization controllable colored radiative cooler based on photonic metamaterial, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1259534421993054983, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=37, issue=15, pageStart=2414300, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[46], rfOrder=45, authorNames=Wang T, Liu Y, Dong Y, journalName=Advanced Materials, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang T, Liu Y, Dong Y, et al. Colored radiative cooling: From photonic approaches to fluorescent colors and beyond[J]. Advanced Materials, 2025, 37(15): 2414300., articleTitle=Colored radiative cooling: From photonic approaches to fluorescent colors and beyond, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1259534422097912584, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=385, issue=6704, pageStart=68, pageEnd=74, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[47], rfOrder=46, authorNames=Ma J W, Zeng F R, Lin X C, journalName=Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ma J W, Zeng F R, Lin X C, et al. A photoluminescent hydrogen−bonded biomass aerogel for sustainable radiative cooling[J]. Science, 2024, 385(6704): 68-74., articleTitle=A photoluminescent hydrogen−bonded biomass aerogel for sustainable radiative cooling, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1259534422261490441, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=12, issue=43, pageStart=e11599, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[48], rfOrder=47, authorNames=Wang T, Liu Y, Xuan Q D, journalName=Advanced Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang T, Liu Y, Xuan Q D, et al. Innovative photon−engineered fluorescent tri−layer polymeric coatings for sub−ambient colored radiative cooling[J]. Advanced Science, 2025, 12(43): e11599., articleTitle=Innovative photon−engineered fluorescent tri−layer polymeric coatings for sub−ambient colored radiative cooling, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1259534422349570826, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=8, issue=11, pageStart=1328, pageEnd=1339, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[49], rfOrder=48, authorNames=Fu Y, Ma X, Zhang X W, journalName=Nature Sustainability, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Fu Y, Ma X, Zhang X W, et al. Photoluminescent radiative cooling for aesthetic and urban comfort[J]. Nature Sustainability, 2025, 8(11): 1328-1339., articleTitle=Photoluminescent radiative cooling for aesthetic and urban comfort, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1259534422458622731, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=120, issue=null, pageStart=109143, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[50], rfOrder=49, authorNames=Peng Y D, Dong J C, Zhang Y T, journalName=Nano Energy, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Peng Y D, Dong J C, Zhang Y T, et al. Thermally comfortable epidermal bioelectrodes based on ultrastretchable and passive radiative cooling e−textiles[J]. Nano Energy, 2024, 120: 109143., articleTitle=Thermally comfortable epidermal bioelectrodes based on ultrastretchable and passive radiative cooling e−textiles, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1259534422609617676, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=37, issue=8, pageStart=2415386, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[51], rfOrder=50, authorNames=Zhong S J, Lu B H, Wang D C, journalName=Advanced Materials, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhong S J, Lu B H, Wang D C, et al. Passive isothermal flexible sensor enabled by smart thermal−regulating aerogels[J]. Advanced Materials, 2025, 37(8): 2415386., articleTitle=Passive isothermal flexible sensor enabled by smart thermal−regulating aerogels, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1259534422672532237, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=8, issue=1, pageStart=101898, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[52], rfOrder=51, authorNames=Hou X Y, Zhang K Y, Lai X T, journalName=Matter, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Hou X Y, Zhang K Y, Lai X T, et al. Brilliant colorful daytime radiative cooling coating mimicking scarab beetle[J]. Matter, 2025, 8(1): 101898., articleTitle=Brilliant colorful daytime radiative cooling coating mimicking scarab beetle, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1259534422748029710, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=22, issue=12, pageStart=4925, pageEnd=4932, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[53], rfOrder=52, authorNames=Yu S X, Zhang Q, Wang Y F, journalName=Nano Letters, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yu S X, Zhang Q, Wang Y F, et al. Photonic−structure colored radiative coolers for daytime subambient cooling[J]. Nano Letters, 2022, 22(12): 4925-4932., articleTitle=Photonic−structure colored radiative coolers for daytime subambient cooling, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1259534422890636047, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2026, volume=38, issue=2, pageStart=e12289, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[54], rfOrder=53, authorNames=Yang Z B, Lu H T, Li Q, journalName=Advanced Materials, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yang Z B, Lu H T, Li Q, et al. Nano/micro metal–organic framework−derived ceramics for sustainable energy saving/capturing[J]. Advanced Materials, 2026, 38(2): e12289., articleTitle=Nano/micro metal–organic framework−derived ceramics for sustainable energy saving/capturing, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1259534423070991120, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=382, issue=6671, pageStart=644, pageEnd=645, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[55], rfOrder=54, authorNames=Zhao D L, Tang H J, journalName=Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhao D L, Tang H J. Staying stably cool in the sunlight[J]. Science, 2023, 382(6671): 644-645., articleTitle=Staying stably cool in the sunlight, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1259534423196820241, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2026, volume=36, issue=10, pageStart=e16949, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[56], rfOrder=55, authorNames=Li H L, Li X, Pan M Y, journalName=Advanced Functional Materials, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li H L, Li X, Pan M Y, et al. Flexible ceramic radiative cooling membranes with high reflectivity in solar spectrum, excellent UV and fire resistance[J]. Advanced Functional Materials, 2026, 36(10): e16949., articleTitle=Flexible ceramic radiative cooling membranes with high reflectivity in solar spectrum, excellent UV and fire resistance, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1259534423389758226, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=382, issue=6671, pageStart=691, pageEnd=697, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[57], rfOrder=56, authorNames=Lin K X, Chen S R, Zeng Y J, journalName=Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Lin K X, Chen S R, Zeng Y J, et al. Hierarchically structured passive radiative cooling ceramic with high solar reflectivity[J]. Science, 2023, 382(6671): 691-697., articleTitle=Hierarchically structured passive radiative cooling ceramic with high solar reflectivity, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1259534423586890515, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=382, issue=6671, pageStart=684, pageEnd=691, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[58], rfOrder=57, authorNames=Zhao X P, Li T Y, Xie H, journalName=Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhao X P, Li T Y, Xie H, et al. A solution−processed radiative cooling glass[J]. Science, 2023, 382(6671): 684-691., articleTitle=A solution−processed radiative cooling glass, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1259534407363322527, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, awardId=24JCJQJC00230, language=CN, fundingSource=天津市杰出青年科学基金项目(24JCJQJC00230), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1259534388455399922, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1259534388467982836, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, companyId=1259534388455399922, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1259534388472177141, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, companyId=1259534388455399922, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1南开大学材料科学与工程学院,天津 300350)]), AuthorCompany(id=1259534388849664507, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1259534388874830332, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, companyId=1259534388849664507, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Robotic Satellite Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Advanced Spatial Mechanism and Intelligent Spacecraft, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1259534388883218941, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, companyId=1259534388849664507, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2四川大学空天科学与工程学院,机器人卫星四川省重点实验室,空间先进机构与智能飞行器教育部重点实验室,成都 610065)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1259534400635658858, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=STXF7cPiuMNYdXGXVGk1pQ==, figureFileBig=An68KDbAZD+M3uEC0yvL7w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1259534401487102572, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, language=CN, label=图1, caption=零耗电智能双模式辐射热管理装置, figureFileSmall=STXF7cPiuMNYdXGXVGk1pQ==, figureFileBig=An68KDbAZD+M3uEC0yvL7w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1259534402942526066, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=iIer3YvojjCaNXKYTdH2cQ==, figureFileBig=VUY01EJxwVMOXim+5qc8QQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1259534403353567860, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, language=CN, label=图2, caption=电致变色中红外调制系统, figureFileSmall=iIer3YvojjCaNXKYTdH2cQ==, figureFileBig=VUY01EJxwVMOXim+5qc8QQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1259534403647169142, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=N6ccn1gJNHuXBb7KqAH++g==, figureFileBig=R46Izn/oquz1VpvGtmbyiQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1259534403823329914, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, language=CN, label=图3, caption=BTFs及其B−TEG的结构设计, figureFileSmall=N6ccn1gJNHuXBb7KqAH++g==, figureFileBig=R46Izn/oquz1VpvGtmbyiQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1259534404205011580, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=jzLbN8dsQYMeHFKRpLRiQQ==, figureFileBig=qiDjgKfv+RoqDXB9rBLHMg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1259534404884488831, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, language=CN, label=图4, caption=雨滴摩擦纳米发电机和辐射制冷器系统, figureFileSmall=jzLbN8dsQYMeHFKRpLRiQQ==, figureFileBig=qiDjgKfv+RoqDXB9rBLHMg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1259534405220033153, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=NBJGIJqOmaIwSpLpes2PbA==, figureFileBig=OI1I6qEvFdnqBmoAzPAMjg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1259534405723349637, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, language=CN, label=图5, caption=混合定向辐射制冷与太阳能加热水收集系统的结构设计, figureFileSmall=NBJGIJqOmaIwSpLpes2PbA==, figureFileBig=OI1I6qEvFdnqBmoAzPAMjg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1259534406146974343, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=xRWbdTAvLHngbb8qkIzA1g==, figureFileBig=yzE5k1SoHRdJM3Qrc9QM/A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1259534406318940810, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, language=CN, label=图6, caption=基于光致发光的辐射制冷材料设计与特性, figureFileSmall=xRWbdTAvLHngbb8qkIzA1g==, figureFileBig=yzE5k1SoHRdJM3Qrc9QM/A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1259534406469935756, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=IJy0fCxm5xwqggAADfyhvg==, figureFileBig=IHihmLv6oa8hkoVd/NTh/w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1259534406667068047, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, language=CN, label=图7, caption=被动等温柔性传感器的结构, figureFileSmall=IJy0fCxm5xwqggAADfyhvg==, figureFileBig=IHihmLv6oa8hkoVd/NTh/w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1259534406872588946, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=gkrORXrdEZ8MCNlDLD7FuA==, figureFileBig=KjLTD+ProzJm5A7Znbyd4A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1259534407006806677, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, language=CN, label=图8, caption=仿金龟子鞘翅的结构色辐射制冷薄膜, figureFileSmall=gkrORXrdEZ8MCNlDLD7FuA==, figureFileBig=KjLTD+ProzJm5A7Znbyd4A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1259534407145218714, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=6BMqNjJKHn61ccggbTDUSA==, figureFileBig=5ey2sdoMmYM4uak8wU2MDQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1259534407241687707, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, language=CN, label=图9, caption=微孔玻璃涂层, figureFileSmall=6BMqNjJKHn61ccggbTDUSA==, figureFileBig=5ey2sdoMmYM4uak8wU2MDQ==, tableContent=null)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1125356956822126595, delFlag=0, nameCn=科技导报, nameEn=Science & Technology Review, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=1000-7857, eissn=, cn=11-1421/N, coden=null, periodic=3, language=CN, oaType=0, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=wfghvu3bhh/dKxuZ+ucVHA==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=Sci Technol Rev, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=null, updatedTime=1784015846012, createdBy=null, updatedBy=13041195026, firstLetterCn=K, firstLetterEn=K, subjectCode=Natural Sciences, subjectName=自然科学, subjectCodeEn=Natural Sciences, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=wfghvu3bhh/dKxuZ+ucVHA==, picEn=yjSfclmpNm7ihn9NbTZ69g==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1283818766098219763, language=CN, name=科技导报, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=中国科学技术协会, sponsoredBy=中国科学技术协会, publishedBy=科技导报社, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=http://www.kjdb.org/CN/home, createdTime=1784015846037, updatedTime=1784015846037, createdBy=13041195026, updatedBy=13041195026, submissionGuidelinesUrl=http://www.kjdb.org/CN/column/column7.shtml, submissionAuthorUrl=https://kjdbauthor.cast.org.cn/webm, submissionEditorUrl=https://kjdbeditor.cast.org.cn/webm/, submissionReviewUrl=https://kjdbauthor.cast.org.cn/webm, submissionCeEditorUrl=https://kjdbeditor.cast.org.cn/webm/, submissionAeEditorUrl=https://kjdbeditor.cast.org.cn/webm/, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1283818766144357108, language=EN, name=Science & Technology Review, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=http://www.kjdb.org/EN/home, createdTime=1784015846048, updatedTime=1784015846048, createdBy=13041195026, updatedBy=13041195026, submissionGuidelinesUrl=http://www.kjdb.org/EN/column/column7.shtml, submissionAuthorUrl=https://kjdbauthor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, submissionEditorUrl=https://kjdbeditor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, submissionReviewUrl=https://kjdbauthor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, submissionCeEditorUrl=https://kjdbeditor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, submissionAeEditorUrl=https://kjdbeditor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1146031591421210625, websiteList=[Website(id=1146104741081231361, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1146031591421210625, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN, language=CN, createTime=1751182263881, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1751778001962, updateBy=18614031015, name=科技导报, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=科技导报, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1148021146403992296, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1146104741081231361, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1751639170504, updateTime=1751639170504, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1148021146378826469, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1146104741081231361, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1751639170498, updateTime=1751639170498, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1148021146366243556, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1146104741081231361, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic?fileId=9GHSf7eGlIPH0Tv/OOdstA==, createTime=1751639170495, updateTime=1751639170495, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1148021146395603687, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1146104741081231361, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic, createTime=1751639170502, updateTime=1751639170502, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1148021146387215078, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1146104741081231361, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1751639170500, updateTime=1751639170500, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1146105254833139715, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1146031591421210625, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/EN, language=EN, createTime=1751182386363, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1753500121937, updateBy=18614031015, name=科技导报, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Science & Technology Review, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1155838567709528217, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1146105254833139715, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1753502988984, updateTime=1753502988984, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155838567692750998, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1146105254833139715, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1753502988980, updateTime=1753502988980, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155838567688556693, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1146105254833139715, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/EN/file/pic?fileId=9GHSf7eGlIPH0Tv/OOdstA==, createTime=1753502988979, updateTime=1753502988979, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155838567705333912, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1146105254833139715, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/EN/file/pic, createTime=1753502988983, updateTime=1753502988983, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155838567701139607, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1146105254833139715, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1753502988982, updateTime=1753502988982, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=科技导报, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=null, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Science & Technology Review, journalPhotoCn=wfghvu3bhh/dKxuZ+ucVHA==, journalPhotoEn=yjSfclmpNm7ihn9NbTZ69g==, journalFirstLetter=K, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=1, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=0.91, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false, interPubPlatform=, interPubPlatformUrl=null), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2025.12.00079, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/EN/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2025.12.00079, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/PDF/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2025.12.00079, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/EN/PDF/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2025.12.00079, aliStartDate=null, aliEndDate=null, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, previewStatus=0, delFlag=0, hasFullText=1, orderTime=1777305600000, fullTextJson=null, articleText=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
多功能耦合辐射制冷材料的研究进展
收藏切换
PDF下载
张一帆 1, 2 , 周玥桐 1 , 鄢定祥 2, * , 马儒军 1, *
科技导报 | 特色专题 2026,44(8): 75-86
收起
收藏切换
科技导报 |特色专题 2026 , 44 (8) : 75 -86
多功能耦合辐射制冷材料的研究进展
全屏
[Author(id=1259534390074401285, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=zhangyifan0701@stu.scu.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1259534390506414608, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, authorId=1259534390074401285, language=EN, stringName=Yifan ZHANG, firstName=Yifan, middleName=null, lastName=ZHANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
2School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Robotic Satellite Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Advanced Spatial Mechanism and Intelligent Spacecraft, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1259534390812598807, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, authorId=1259534390074401285, language=CN, stringName=张一帆, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1南开大学材料科学与工程学院,天津 300350
2四川大学空天科学与工程学院,机器人卫星四川省重点实验室,空间先进机构与智能飞行器教育部重点实验室,成都 610065, bio={"content":"

张一帆,博士研究生,研究方向为辐射制冷材料的制备与应用,电子信箱:

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

张一帆,博士研究生,研究方向为辐射制冷材料的制备与应用,电子信箱:

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1259534388455399922, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1259534388467982836, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, companyId=1259534388455399922, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1259534388472177141, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, companyId=1259534388455399922, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1南开大学材料科学与工程学院,天津 300350)]), AuthorCompany(id=1259534388849664507, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1259534388874830332, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, companyId=1259534388849664507, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Robotic Satellite Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Advanced Spatial Mechanism and Intelligent Spacecraft, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1259534388883218941, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, companyId=1259534388849664507, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2四川大学空天科学与工程学院,机器人卫星四川省重点实验室,空间先进机构与智能飞行器教育部重点实验室,成都 610065)])]), Author(id=1259534391076839966, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1259534391513047590, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, authorId=1259534391076839966, language=EN, stringName=Yuetong ZHOU, firstName=Yuetong, middleName=null, lastName=ZHOU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1259534392221884969, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, authorId=1259534391076839966, language=CN, stringName=周玥桐, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1南开大学材料科学与工程学院,天津 300350, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1259534388455399922, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1259534388467982836, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, companyId=1259534388455399922, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1259534388472177141, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, companyId=1259534388455399922, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1南开大学材料科学与工程学院,天津 300350)])]), Author(id=1259534392393851436, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=yandingxiang@scu.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1259534393115271730, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, authorId=1259534392393851436, language=EN, stringName=Dingxiang YAN, firstName=Dingxiang, middleName=null, lastName=YAN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, *, address=2School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Robotic Satellite Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Advanced Spatial Mechanism and Intelligent Spacecraft, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1259534393526313525, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, authorId=1259534392393851436, language=CN, stringName=鄢定祥, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, *, address=2四川大学空天科学与工程学院,机器人卫星四川省重点实验室,空间先进机构与智能飞行器教育部重点实验室,成都 610065, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1259534388849664507, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1259534388874830332, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, companyId=1259534388849664507, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Robotic Satellite Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Advanced Spatial Mechanism and Intelligent Spacecraft, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1259534388883218941, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, companyId=1259534388849664507, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2四川大学空天科学与工程学院,机器人卫星四川省重点实验室,空间先进机构与智能飞行器教育部重点实验室,成都 610065)])]), Author(id=1259534393907995194, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=malab@nankai.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1259534394377757248, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, authorId=1259534393907995194, language=EN, stringName=Rujun MA, firstName=Rujun, middleName=null, lastName=MA, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, *, address=1School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1259534394855907907, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, authorId=1259534393907995194, language=CN, stringName=马儒军, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, *, address=1南开大学材料科学与工程学院,天津 300350, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1259534388455399922, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1259534388467982836, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, companyId=1259534388455399922, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1259534388472177141, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1259534376065425778, companyId=1259534388455399922, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1南开大学材料科学与工程学院,天津 300350)])])]
张一帆1, 2 , 周玥桐1, 鄢定祥2, * , 马儒军1, *
作者信息
  • 1南开大学材料科学与工程学院,天津 300350
  • 2四川大学空天科学与工程学院,机器人卫星四川省重点实验室,空间先进机构与智能飞行器教育部重点实验室,成都 610065
通讯作者:
鄢定祥(通信作者),教授,研究方向为航空航天高分子材料的成型加工、高性能及功能器件,电子信箱:;
马儒军(共同通信作者),教授,研究方向为柔性主动/被动制冷材料的研制及器件的制备,电子信箱:
Research progress in multifunctional coupled radiative cooling materials
Yifan ZHANG1, 2 , Yuetong ZHOU1, Dingxiang YAN2, * , Rujun MA1, *
Affiliations
  • 1School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
  • 2School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Robotic Satellite Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Advanced Spatial Mechanism and Intelligent Spacecraft, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
出版时间: 2026-04-28 doi: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2025.12.00079
文章导航
收藏切换

被动式日间辐射制冷(passive daytime radiative cooling,PDRC)依托“大气透明窗口”实现零耗电散热,但传统静态光谱设计难以适应多气候条件与多样化应用需求。围绕PDRC技术的多功能耦合发展路径,综述了其在智能热管理、能量收集及新兴功能集成3个方向的研究进展。在智能热管理方面,介绍了温度、湿度被动响应及机械力、电主动响应机制,探讨了从“持续制冷”向“按需调控”的跨越路径;在能量收集方面,分析了辐射制冷与温差发电、摩擦纳米发电及大气水收集的协同策略,揭示了“冷却−发电−集水”一体化的增效机制;在新兴功能集成方面,介绍了光致发光、传感与结构色设计等耦合方案,阐述了解决着色与冷却性能矛盾、拓展应用边界的创新思路。在此基础上,指出了当前研究在材料性能权衡、长期稳定性、系统集成复杂度、经济性与环境适应性等方面面临的共性挑战。建议未来研究应聚焦于智能响应材料与高效能量转换结构的协同设计,建立多场景服役性能评估体系,推动多功能耦合辐射制冷技术向自适应、可规模化、多能互补的智能平台发展。

辐射制冷  /  多功能耦合  /  智能热管理  /  能量收集  /  智能材料

Passive daytime radiative cooling (PDRC) enables electricity−free heat dissipation through the atmospheric transparency window, yet conventional static spectral designs struggle to adapt to diverse climatic conditions and application demands. This review systematically examines the recent progress in multifunctional coupling strategies for PDRC across three key directions: intelligent thermal management, energy harvesting, and integration with emerging functionalities. In the realm of intelligent thermal management, we summarize passive mechanisms responsive to temperature and humidity, as well as active regulation via mechanical and electrical stimuli, highlighting the transition from continuous cooling to on−demand thermal control. Regarding energy harvesting, we analyze synergistic approaches combining PDRC with thermoelectric generators, triboelectric nanogenerators, and atmospheric water harvesting, revealing the mechanisms that enable integrated cooling, power generation, and water collection. For emerging functionalities, we introduce coupling schemes involving photoluminescence, sensing, and structural color design, illustrating innovative solutions that resolve the inherent trade−off between coloration and cooling performance while expanding application boundaries. Based on these analyses, we identify common challenges in current research, including trade−offs in material performance, long−term stability, system integration complexity, economic feasibility, and environmental adaptability. Future efforts should focus on the synergistic design of stimuli−responsive materials and efficient energy conversion structures, establish performance evaluation frameworks under diverse service conditions, and promote the evolution of multifunctional coupled radiative cooling technologies toward adaptive, scalable, and multi−energy complementary intelligent platforms.

radiative cooling  /  multifunctional coupling  /  intelligent thermal management  /  energy harvesting  /  smart materials
张一帆, 周玥桐, 鄢定祥, 马儒军. 多功能耦合辐射制冷材料的研究进展. 科技导报, 2026 , 44 (8) : 75 -86 . DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2025.12.00079
Yifan ZHANG, Yuetong ZHOU, Dingxiang YAN, Rujun MA. Research progress in multifunctional coupled radiative cooling materials[J]. Science & Technology Review, 2026 , 44 (8) : 75 -86 . DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2025.12.00079
在全球能源危机和气候变化的背景下,建筑领域的节能减排需求持续增长。炎热季节和地区的建筑制冷能耗更是导致电网负荷高峰的重要因素,因此发展具有突破性的“零耗电”冷却技术至关重要[12]。被动式日间辐射制冷(passive daytime radiative cooling,PDRC)通过“大气透明窗口”将热量以中红外辐射形式直接散发至寒冷的外太空,为实现这一目标提供了极具前景的解决方案[34]。近年来,基于光谱选择性发射体、光子晶体及随机介质等体系的材料设计不断发展,推动了PDRC在光学性能与工艺集成方面的提升,展现出巨大的实际应用潜力。
当前,材料科学的研究范式正在发生重要转变,从追求单一性能的极致优化,转向探索多功能集成与协同[56]。这一趋势为PDRC技术带来了新的发展机遇。将高效的被动冷却平台与其他先进功能材料耦合,已成为推动该领域进一步发展的关键动力。该策略致力于将PDRC提升为集智能响应、能量自主和多功能集成于一体的综合系统,从而更好地适应复杂多变的实际环境,并拓展潜在应用场景。
多功能集成与协同主要围绕3条路径展开:一是与智能光学材料耦合,使体系能够对温度、湿度、光照等环境因素作出响应[79],实现从“持续制冷”到“按需调节”的智能跨越,为构建全年高效的自适应建筑围护结构奠定基础。二是与能量收集材料集成,捕获并转换冷却过程中产生的能量或未被利用的太阳辐射,实现从“能量耗散”到“冷却−发电协同”的能源循环,成为微型器件实现能量自主的新途径[10]。三是以辐射制冷材料作为一种可灵活设计的功能载体,与发光、传感等模块一体化集成,推动PDRC技术从传统的建筑节能领域向可穿戴电子与智能感知等新兴领域拓展。这一趋势催生了诸如夜间自发光标识、集热管理与多物理量感知于一体的电子皮肤等创新应用[1112]
本文综述了辐射制冷与其他功能耦合的研究进展。梳理其与智能光学材料集成以实现动态热管理调控的设计思路与作用机理;讨论其与能量收集材料协同,构建“冷却−发电−集水”一体化的代表性路径;最后总结其与发光、传感等功能融合的方案及其在新兴应用场景中的潜力。基于上述讨论,展望该技术将从单一的冷却方案,演进为一个能主动适应环境、创造能量价值并承载多元功能的智能平台。
传统静态辐射制冷技术受限于材料光学特性固定,难以适应复杂多变的环境条件与多样化热管理需求。为实现全季节、全天候的精准温度调控,辐射制冷技术正逐步与多种智能响应材料及结构相融合,构建功能耦合的智能热管理平台。该类系统可依据温度[13]、湿度[14]等环境信号实现被动响应,或通过机械力[15]、电场等外场进行主动调控[1617],动态切换其光学与热管理性能,从而实现“制冷−加热”双模式甚至多模式的自适应切换,为建筑节能等领域开辟了新途径。
为实现全季节高效热管理,温度自适应辐射制冷技术应运而生。该技术通过引入温敏材料(水凝胶、VO2、形状记忆聚合物等),利用其相变或形变引起的光谱特性变化,使其能在制冷与加热模式间被动切换,从而突破静态材料的性能限制,为零耗电、自适应的热管理提供了一条可行路径。
在自适应热管理领域,多项研究展示了多种智能调控路径。
Min等[18]开发了聚N−异丙基丙烯酰胺(poly(N−isopropyl acrylamide),PNIPAM)水凝胶/Al2O3复合智能热开关,其太阳反射率可在0.962与0.059间可逆切换,实现了夏季低于环境5 K的辐射制冷与冬季550 W·m−2的太阳能加热。Tang等[19]基于W掺杂VO2的相变制备了温度自适应辐射涂层(temperature−adaptive radiative coating,TARC),其大气窗口发射率能随温度在0.20与0.90之间自动切换,在全气候区展现出优越的节能潜力。Wei等[20]开发了耦合辐射制冷与微胶囊相变材料的动态自适应元织物(complementary, dynamic−responsive, and environment−adaptive metafabric,DREAM),通过热缓冲与整流效应,实现了高达124.4 W·m−2的制冷功率与日间平均6.8 K的降温,显著提升了全天候气候适应性。Zhang等[2122]开发了一系列基于形状记忆聚合物驱动的零耗电双模式热管理器件,其通过可逆的卷曲−展开形变,自动切换下层的太阳能吸收层(吸收率约91%、红外发射率约8%)与上层的辐射制冷层(太阳反射率约90%、红外发射率约97%),实现了全被动的“加热−制冷”模式切换。如图1[22]所示,优化后的器件获得了极高的平均加热功率(859.8 W·m−2,转换效率91%)和平均冷却功率(126.0 W·m−2),并能将实际应用中的温度波动降低约21 K,显示出全年节能应用潜力。
湿度响应型辐射制冷材料将大气中的水分作为“调控开关”,使器件能在干燥条件下高效散热,在湿润环境下则改变光谱特性降低冷却强度,甚至转入保温模式,从而实现对建筑热负荷的自适应调节,有效提升了系统在全天候条件下的综合能效。
Fei等[23]通过一步法制备了聚偏二氟乙烯(polyvinylidene fluoride,PVDF)乙基纤维素可切换分级多孔涂层(hierarchical porous coating,HPC)。其核心在于设计了“纳米孔基质嵌入垂直微米孔”的分级结构,从而突破了传统材料在辐射冷却与太阳能加热间的“厚度约束”。该涂层干燥时具有高太阳反射率(96.6%)与红外发射率(>96%, 8~13 μm),实现辐射冷却,润湿后则转为高透明态(太阳透射率86.6%),实现了全天候的亚环境辐射制冷和高于环境温度的(ΔTemp≈47 K)太阳能加热。Zhang等[24]开发了一种基于气−液相转变的自适应热管理装置(self−adaptive thermal management device,STMD),通过温差驱动折射率匹配液体在多孔SiO2涂层中浸润或脱附,实现太阳光透射率的自动调控:寒冷时呈透明态(透射率94%)以吸收热量,炎热时转为不透明态(透射率11%)并协同辐射冷却(发射率93.6%)以散去热量。该装置实现了高达83%的太阳光调制能力,具备快速响应(<3 min)与良好稳定性(500次循环后太阳光谱调控能力仅下降0.13),为建筑节能提供了一种无源自适应新策略。Galib等[25]利用材料对大气水分的自发吸收,将低成本聚丙烯酸钠粉末转化为聚丙烯酸酯薄膜,实现了辐射与蒸发相结合的混合被动冷却:干燥状态下太阳反射率为93%、中红外发射率为99%,为高效辐射散热提供了基础,其吸湿特性还可同时用于日间蒸发冷却,在800 W·m−2光照下实现了低于环境温度5 K的降温。
为实现按需、动态的热管理,辐射制冷技术正从静态光谱设计走向基于力学形变的主动调控。通过精巧的力学结构设计(如屈曲引导的3D构型或拉伸调控的光子结构),系统能够在外界机械刺激下,可逆地调节其光学特性与热性能,从而在冷却与加热模式间灵活切换。
Lee等[26]通过机械屈曲技术制备了一种双模式热管理器件,可在单轴应变下可逆切换功能,拉伸时呈现2D平面结构,实现高达59.5 K的太阳能加热,释放应变后弹起为3D结构,转为辐射冷却模式,最大温差可达11.9 K。Butler等[27]则设计了一种应变响应型辐射制冷器,通过拉伸嵌入Si3N4周期结构的聚二甲基硅氧烷(polydimethylsiloxane,PDMS)弹性体,动态调控其中红外发射率,实现了高达132 W·m−2的辐射冷却功率调控范围(未拉伸结构:~199.5 W·m−2,拉伸结构:~67.56 W·m−2)以及约5.1 K的夜间温控幅度。
主动电响应辐射制冷技术的优势在于可按需、精确调控热辐射。借助电致变色等机制,器件可在高发射率的冷却状态与低发射率的保温状态之间可逆切换,从而实现对建筑热负荷的主动调控。
Deng等[28]提出了多功能液晶智能窗(dynamic multifunctional smart window,MPDLC),实现主动可控的被动辐射制冷和多模式采暖调节。该器件将基于SiO2的发射增强聚合物分散液晶(polymer−dispersed liquid crystal,PDLC)薄膜与碳纳米管沉积的低发射层结合:夏季可通过电压多级调控制冷效率;冬季则可切换至被动辐射供暖、太阳能供暖或电供暖模式,实现全年按需热管理。Zhang等[29]设计了基于聚合物稳定液晶(polymer−stabilized liquid crystal,PSLC)与钾铯掺杂钨氧化物(K0.1Cs0.22WO3)/PNIPAM温敏水凝胶的Janus型智能窗。该器件可通过翻转结构,使高发射率的PSLC层朝外实现主动电控制冷,或使低发射率的水凝胶层朝外实现被动保温,成功融合了主动响应与被动响应的优势,并能同时调节可见光、近红外及中远红外3波段光谱。Yang等[30]通过向PDLC中引入SiO2纳米粒子和铯钨青铜(Cs0.33WO3,CWO)纳米粒子,制备了氟化PDLC(FPDLC)−SiO2−CWO复合薄膜。该薄膜在电场驱动下可动态调节可见光透过率,同时利用SiO2的中红外发射特性和CWO的近红外屏蔽功能,实现多波段协同调控。户外实测结果表明,该复合薄膜表现出显著的按需降温性能:在冬季晴天测试中,FPDLC−SiO2薄膜相较于未掺杂的FPDLC薄膜,实现了最高8.7 K的降温;而进一步集成了CWO的FPDLC−SiO2−CWO薄膜,在白天相比FPDLC−SiO2薄膜温度额外降低了4.3 K。Sui等[31]与Wang等[32]研究展示了可逆电沉积技术在动态辐射制冷中的潜力。如图2[31]所示,Sui利用石墨烯电极与铜−水系电解质,开发了热发射率在0.07(加热)与0.92(冷却)间可逆切换的电致变色器件,兼具安全性与节能性(模拟显示年均节能达43.1 Mbtu(非SI英制单位,相当于45473 MJ))。Wang等[32]则设计了光子超结构电极,在保持高太阳吸收率(约0.6)的同时,实现了中长波红外发射率的大范围调控(ΔεMWIR = 0.82, ΔεLWIR = 0.66)及超30 d的双稳态,其全球应用模拟显示可节能11.0%~21.4%。
融合辐射制冷与能量收集技术,是实现“冷却−发电”一体化的前沿策略。此类耦合系统利用辐射制冷创造的温差、冷源或冷凝水等条件,驱动热电[33]、摩擦纳米发电机[34]等装置工作,或将制冷过程与太阳能蒸发[35]、大气水收集等技术相结合[36],从而在实现降温的同时,将环境中低品位的热能、机械能或水汽高效转化为电能或淡水。这种协同增效的设计,突破了单一技术的功能局限,为开发可持续、多功能的能源−水资源获取技术开辟了新途径。
近年来,将低品位废热转化为电能的可再生能源技术备受关注。其中,辐射制冷与温差发电(thermoelectric generator,TEG)相耦合提供了一种有效的解决方案,其核心在于利用前者为零耗电的冷端提供持续且稳定的低温环境,从而有效增大并维持TEG的工作温差,最终实现低品位热能收集效率的显著提升。Shi等[37]受植物硅针结构启发,通过3D打印技术制备了具有仿生荆棘纤维结构(biomimetic thorny fiber structures,BTFs)的全纤维素基辐射冷却材料。如图3[37]所示,该材料依托分级多孔结构实现了高可见光反射率(91.0%)与大气窗口发射率(92.4%),展现出优异的日间辐射冷却性能。将其与梯度结构热电发生器(B−thermoelectric generator,B−TEG)集成后,在30 K温差下实现了7.61 W·m−2的输出功率密度,为开发可持续的辐射冷却与能源收集器件提供了新思路。Li等[38]开发了一种CO2交联纤维素材料,将辐射冷却与热电转换功能集于一体。该研究利用CO2在纤维素骨架中引入碳酸酯基团,所制得的多孔膜展现出优异的日光反射率(约90.0%)和中红外发射率(约91.4%),可实现有效辐射散热。同时,以该多孔膜为支架构建的离子凝胶中,碳酸酯基团促进了离子解离与传输,获得高达25.4 mV·K−1的塞贝克(Seebeck)系数。基于此全纤维素器件在模拟太阳光下可以输出1200 mV的电压,并伴随5.0 K的降温。
在设备自供能与智能化需求推动下,摩擦纳米发电机(triboelectric nanogenerators,TENG)与辐射制冷的耦合实现了从环境中并行捕获机械能与冷量的技术突破。TENG的作用原理基于摩擦起电效应与静电感应效应的耦合。其核心是通过2种具有不同得失电子能力(即摩擦电极性差异)的材料之间的接触与分离,将机械能转换为电能。该策略将TENG在能量收集过程中产生的热量积聚问题,转化为辐射制冷的散热优势。
Lee等[39]开发了集成摩擦纳米发电机与辐射冷却器的智能玻璃表面(TENG and RC, TeRC)。如图4[39]所示,该器件通过多层结构,将雨滴能量收集与日间辐射冷却功能集成,实现了“下雨发电、晴天降温”的全天候工作模式。该器件单次雨滴冲击可产生248.28 W·m−2的峰值功率密度,与普通玻璃相比,其覆盖下的封闭空间内部温度最大可降低24.1 K,平均降温达8.2 K,展现出卓越的节能潜力。Zhang等[40]受甲虫启发,研制了多尺度结构的柔性热辐射体,具备高太阳反射率(96%)与中红外发射率(91%),可实现显著的白昼与夜间辐射冷却。该器件与柔性热电发电机集成后,通过优化面积比使其输出性能提升约150%;作为可穿戴设备贴附于人体时,能同时利用体温与辐射冷却建立温差,实现143 mW·m−2的功率输出。
面对全球淡水短缺的严峻挑战,大气水收集(atmospheric water harvesting,AWH)技术备受关注,但其效率常受限于冷凝过程中所需的高效冷源。通过将辐射制冷表面作为冷凝界面,可在无需外部能源的条件下有效促进水蒸气凝结,为实现高效、节能的淡水收集开辟了新途径。此外,传统的被动式太阳能集水系统通常将蒸发与冷凝过程集成于同一单元,导致热管理上存在相互制约的瓶颈:蒸发端需要吸热升温以提升效率,而冷凝端则需要低温以促进蒸汽凝结。两者在空间上的重叠常引发热干扰,难以同时优化。Ahmad等[41]将辐射制冷与润滑表面(lubricated surface,LS)技术耦合,设计了一种用于大气水收集的垂直双面结构。该结构通过V型镜面将热流导向天空,使冷却功率密度较传统结构提升约一倍。同时,其冷凝面采用硅油润滑的PDMS涂层,消除了接触线钉扎,实现了水滴的完全被动收集。户外集水速率达21 g·m−2·h−1,为超疏水表面的2倍,室内冷凝水收集效率高达90%。Chen等[42]提出V型混合定向辐射结构,如图5[42]所示,将太阳能加热与辐射冷却在空间上解耦并协同增效。采用光谱选择性材料与低蒸发焓供水层提升蒸发效率,设计超亲水不对称冷凝通道强化冷凝与液滴脱落。该系统在无外部能耗下实现室内2.62 kg·m−2·h−1、室外2.76 kg·m−2·h−1的高集水速率,为高效太阳能淡水收集提供了全新设计范式。
辐射制冷技术正从单一的温控功能,向着与多种新兴功能深度集成的方向演进[43]。研究人员通过先进材料设计与光子工程,进一步将光致发光[44]、传感与显示[45]等新颖功能融入制冷体系。这类耦合不仅解决了“彩色化往往伴随太阳吸收增加、从而削弱制冷”的内在矛盾,更实现了在可穿戴电子、柔性传感等场景下热管理与信息交互、视觉美学的协同,突破了传统辐射制冷材料的应用边界,展现出作为智能、自适应多功能平台的巨大潜力。
荧光发光机制的引入为缓解辐射制冷中色彩与制冷性能的矛盾提供了新思路[46]。不同于传统彩色材料因选择性吸收入射光导致的反射率与制冷效能下降,荧光材料通过将吸收的紫外光转换为可见光发射,在实现着色的同时,其再发射光子可提升有效太阳反射率,甚至理论上突破100%的局部光谱反射,从而补偿着色带来的能量吸收。此外,选用高光致发光量子产率(photoluminescence quantum yield,PLQY)材料可减少非辐射热积累。Ma等[47]开发了一种基于DNA−明胶的本征光致发光生物质气凝胶,通过将吸收的紫外光转化为可见光进行释放,在可见光区实现了高达104%的太阳加权反射率,突破了100%的理论反射极限。户外实测中可实现低于环境温度16.0 K的降温效果。Wang等[48]设计了一种荧光3层聚合物涂层(photon−engineered fluorescent tri−layer polymeric coatings,PFTPCs),通过BaSO4/荧光粉/Y2O3/SiO2结构及Purcell效应,解决了高冷却效率与鲜艳色彩难以兼容的难题。该涂层在红、黄、绿色下均具备高有效太阳反射率(>94%)与长波红外发射率(>96%),实现了5.4~7.2 K的日间亚环境降温。Fu等[49]受珊瑚仿生启发,开发了基于光致发光的美学复合材料(photoluminescence−based aesthetic composite,PLAC),如图6[49]所示,通过荧光下转换效应在实现绿、黄、红等彩色外观的同时,有效降低了材料对可见光的吸收热负荷。该材料在发光波段的有效反射率可超过100%,峰值达141%,并具备角度不敏感的显色特性。户外测试表明,PLAC能实现2.2~3.9 K的亚环境冷却,较同色非荧光样品降温幅度高出6.1~7.9 K。
针对柔性传感器因环境温度波动导致的性能退化与佩戴过程产生热不适问题,辐射制冷与传感功能的耦合展现出巨大潜力。该技术将被动降温能力融入传感系统,实现了在无需外部能耗的前提下,同步提升设备的热舒适性与信号监测稳定性,为可穿戴电子设备提供了发展方向。
在柔性电子器件领域,实现长期舒适佩戴与高效热管理仍是一个关键挑战。Peng等[50]开发了一种具有被动辐射制冷功能的超拉伸电子织物。该织物通过将Al2O3微粒封装于氢化苯乙烯−丁二烯嵌段共聚物(styrene−ethylene/butylene−styrene,SEBS)弹性纤维并构建多级孔隙,在白天与夜间均展现出卓越的制冷效果,并且该织物表面印刷基于镓−铟合金(gallium−indium eutectic,EGaIn)的液态金属(liquid metal,LM)形成可拉伸电路,可作为舒适、透气的表皮生物电极,稳定监测心电图(electrocardiography,ECG)、脑电图(electroencephalography,EEG)和表面肌电图(surface electromyography,sEMG)等高保真生理信号,且在水下环境中仍保持良好的传感性能。Zhong等[51]提出被动等温柔性传感器。如图7[51]所示,该工作的核心在于利用具有分级结构的纤维素气凝胶(hierarchical cellulose aerogel,HCA)作为摩擦负电层和热管理单元,通过协同辐射冷却与隔热2种机制以实现自适应热调节。HCA展现出卓越的太阳光反射率(95.6%)和中红外发射率(92.7%),赋予其高效的日间辐射冷却能力;同时,其独特的空心微纤维结构与高孔隙率(99.7%)带来了超低的热导率((28.9±1.1) mW·m−1·K−1),能有效抑制热量在低温环境下的散失。基于此,所制备的传感器能在0~100℃的宽温域内维持稳定的工作温度,在阳光直射下其温升仅为0.3 K,远低于传统传感器(12.3 K),并在抓握冷/热物体以及户外运动监测等场景下成功演示的稳定信号输出。
结构功能一体化是先进材料发展的核心方向,而在辐射制冷领域,结构色的引入正是实现色彩与冷却性能协同优化的典范[46]。与传统依赖吸收性颜料(通常伴随显著的太阳热累积)的着色方式不同,结构色源于光子晶体、等离子体共振、米氏共振等精密的光子结构对可见光的选择性调控。这种物理着色机制使其能够在产生鲜艳色彩的同时,最大限度地保持材料在太阳光谱(尤其是近红外波段)的高反射特性,并维持在中红外大气窗口的高发射率[52],从而在源头上解决了“颜色”与“冷却”之间的固有矛盾,实现了“色冷兼备”。
在结构色辐射制冷器的开发中,实现色彩定制与高效降温的兼容性至关重要。Yu等[53]提出了一种基于干涉回射机制的彩色辐射制冷器。该制冷器通过将单层聚苯乙烯微球与透明胶带结合,形成“空气垫”结构,利用光的全内反射与干涉效应选择性反射特定波长的可见光从而显色,而未被反射的太阳光则被底层PDMS/Al结构高效散射并辅以高红外发射。得益于这一物理显色机制,不同颜色(粉、绿、蓝)的制冷器均保持了约10%的低太阳吸收率和96%的高红外发射率。户外测试表明,在超过1000 W·m−2的太阳辐照度下,所有颜色的制冷器均能实现约4 K的亚环境降温,而相同颜色的商业涂料则比环境温度高出9~27 K。如图8[52]所示,Hou等[52]受金龟子鞘翅启发,将胶体光子晶体半球限域组装于多孔聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(poly(methyl methacrylate),PMMA)基底的微坑结构中,此举不仅利用光子晶体的反射式结构色实现了高亮度、高饱和度的多彩外观,更通过分级多孔结构实现了高效的光谱管理。薄膜具备高达93.4%的太阳光反射率和92.3%的大气窗口发射率。在制冷性能上,可实现夜间约10.2 K、午间约7.2 K的亚环境降温。尤为重要的是,其结构色展现出优异的机械稳定性,微坑结构如同“铠甲”般保护光子晶体,经50次磨损循环后仍保持完好。
陶瓷基辐射制冷材料凭借固有的稳定性和可调控的微观结构,在推动技术商业化方面展现出独特优势[54]。通过仿生设计构建的微孔陶瓷,能同步实现>99%的太阳光反射率与>95%的大气窗口发射率,实现白昼持续亚环境降温,并兼具优异的耐候性、防火性及高机械强度。此类材料将制冷功能与建筑构件融为一体,克服了聚合物易老化与纳米光子结构成本高的瓶颈[55],为建筑节能提供了耐久、免维护且与现有工艺兼容的技术路径,对大规模、长寿命应用具有重要意义[56]
Lin等[57]受甲虫鳞片启发,研制了仿生多孔氧化铝陶瓷,其层级多孔结构实现了99.6%的太阳反射率与96.5%的红外发射率,日间冷却功率超130 W·m−2,平均降温3.8 K。如图9[58]所示,Zhao等则开发了一种溶液法加工的微孔玻璃涂层,通过低温烧结形成高孔隙结构,实现了96%的太阳反射率与95%的红外发射率,能在高湿度环境下实现日间约3.5 K的降温。上述工作均展现出优异的环境稳定性与建筑节能潜力。
尽管多功能耦合辐射制冷材料在智能调控、能量收集与新兴功能集成方面取得了显著进展,然而,当前研究仍面临一系列共性挑战,制约着其从实验室走向实际应用。
1) 材料性能的权衡困境。响应速度与调控幅度难以兼得:温敏水凝胶虽反射率可逆切换,但相变动力学缓慢;VO2基材料响应迅速却存在制备复杂与相变滞后问题。能量转换效率普遍偏低:辐射制冷提供的温差仅数开尔文,导致热电模块输出功率密度不足;荧光下转换过程存在斯托克斯(Stokes)能量损失,部分吸收光仍转化为热耗散。
2) 长期稳定性与服役耐久性。湿度响应材料在反复吸湿−脱湿循环中易结构退化;荧光材料在紫外辐照下易光漂白;电致变色器件的电解质封装在户外环境中面临泄漏与电极腐蚀风险。结构色辐射制冷器则存在角度色偏问题,影响宽视角应用效果。
3) 系统集成的复杂性与兼容性。多层功能结构的堆叠往往引入额外热阻或光学损耗,削弱制冷效果。柔性传感中辐射制冷层与传感层的界面附着力、热膨胀匹配等兼容性问题亟待解决,多物理场耦合下的信号串扰与校准复杂性亦需关注。
4) 经济性与规模化制备障碍。形状记忆聚合物、光子晶体结构及精密微纳加工工艺成本高昂;辐射制冷陶瓷虽稳定性优异,但其脆性与高密度增加了运输与安装难度,烧结能耗较高。
5) 真实环境适应性不足。多数研究仍局限于理想条件下的性能验证,对高湿、多尘、强风等复杂气候环境的适应性尚未充分评估。全生命周期效能评估体系的缺失,使得材料在实际工况下的节能效果与耐久性难以准确预测。
综上所述,PDRC正经历着从静态冷却到动态智能、从单一功能到多功能耦合的深刻变革。基于对当前研究进展的系统梳理,可得出以下结论。
1) 技术突破:通过与智能响应材料、能量收集器件及发光传感等功能单元融合,辐射制冷已从追求极致光学性能转向构建自适应综合系统。温敏与电响应材料实现了动态热管理调控,温差发电与摩擦纳米发电的协同验证了“冷却−发电”一体化的可行性,荧光与结构色设计则有效缓解了着色与制冷性能的固有矛盾。
2) 协同增益:耦合策略的成功源于对多物理过程的协同调控。辐射制冷创造的冷源可同时服务于热电模块的温差维持与大气水的被动冷凝;光致发光材料通过下转换效应在着色同时补偿太阳吸收;传感与制冷的集成则通过热管理提升了信号稳定性,实现了“1+1>2”的协同效应。
3) 应用拓展:多功能耦合极大地拓展了辐射制冷的技术边界——自适应热管理器件实现建筑全年按需节能,“冷却−发电”一体化系统为分布式传感器提供自供能方案,辐射制冷辅助的大气水收集装置在干旱区展现潜力,集成制冷的柔性传感器为可穿戴电子开辟新路径。
4) 未来方向:尽管材料响应速度与稳定性、能量转换效率、系统集成复杂度及成本控制等瓶颈依然存在,但该领域将更加侧重于智能化与实用性的平衡。可以预见,辐射制冷技术终将突破其作为“冷却方案”的初始定位,演进为未来智慧城市中集热管理、能源收集与信息交互于一体的智能平台。
  • 天津市杰出青年科学基金项目(24JCJQJC00230)
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
[1]
Liu W W, Dong Y M, Li M Y, et al. Weather−adaptive Janus aerogel integrated with phase change materials enables dual−mode thermal regulation via radiative cooling and solar heating[J]. Advanced Functional Materials, 2026, 36(7): e13665.
[2]
郭晨玥, 潘浩丹, 徐琪皓, . 天空辐射制冷技术发展现状与展望[J]. 制冷学报, 2022, 43(3): 1-14.
[3]
Raman A P, Abou Anoma M, Zhu L X, et al. Passive radiative cooling below ambient air temperature under direct sunlight[J]. Nature, 2014, 515(7528): 540-544.
[4]
Fan S H, Li W. Photonics and thermodynamics concepts in radiative cooling[J]. Nature Photonics, 2022, 16(3): 182-190.
[5]
Hu C C, Zhang W, Yang J Q, et al. Chemiresistive gas sensors for intelligent sensing: Design strategies, emerging applications and future challenges[J]. Chemical Society Reviews, 2025, 54(23): 11302-11367.
[6]
Rubio−Giménez V, Tatay S, Martí−Gastaldo C. Electrical conductivity and magnetic bistability in metal–organic frameworks and coordination polymers: Charge transport and spin crossover at the nanoscale[J]. Chemical Society Reviews, 2020, 49(15): 5601-5638.
[7]
Zhou J L, Zeng Q, Liu Y J, et al. Bio−inspired dual−mode Janus film with optical adaptation for spatial thermal management and year−round energy saving[J]. Nano Energy, 2025, 134: 110580.
[8]
Zhang X, Zhang T, Cao Y, et al. A Janus infrared emission dual−mode super−fabric for sustainable efficient thermal management[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2025, 503: 158664.
[9]
Cheng N B, Wang Z H, Lin Y Y, et al. Breathable dual−mode leather−like nanotextile for efficient daytime radiative cooling and heating[J]. Advanced Materials, 2024, 36(33): 2403223.
[10]
Fan C H, Long Z W, Zhang Y X, et al. Robust integration of energy harvesting with daytime radiative cooling enables wearing thermal comfort self−powered electronic devices[J]. Nano Energy, 2023, 116: 108842.
[11]
Feng L N, Wang K K, Xi A K, et al. Wearable radiative cooling fabrics for personal thermal management[J/OL]. Advanced Materials Technologies, 2025, e01351 [2026−03−27]. https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.202501351.
[12]
Li L, Liu W D, Liu Q F, et al. Multifunctional wearable thermoelectrics for personal thermal management[J]. Advanced Functional Materials, 2022, 32(22): 2200548.
[13]
Wang S C, Jiang T Y, Meng Y, et al. Scalable thermochromic smart windows with passive radiative cooling regulation[J]. Science, 2021, 374(6574): 1501-1504.
[14]
Lan C T, Liang M C, Meng J, et al. Humidity−responsive actuator−based smart personal thermal management fabrics achieved by solar thermal heating and sweat−evaporation cooling[J]. ACS Nano, 2025, 19(8): 8294-8302.
[15]
Dong J W, Feng Y Z, Lin K, et al. A stretchable electromagnetic interference shielding fabric with dual−mode passive personal thermal management[J]. Advanced Functional Materials, 2024, 34(13): 2310774.
[16]
Zhao S M, Wu X K, Guo Z Y, et al. An electro−driven dynamic and multicolored radiative thermal regulation material for all−year−round building energy saving[J]. Advanced Functional Materials, 2025, 35(15): 2419378.
[17]
Zhao X Y, Chen Q X, Fan F, et al. Dual−band electrochromic smart window for dynamic switching between radiative cooling and solar heating[J]. Advanced Science, 2025, 12(30): e04483.
[18]
Min X Z, Wang X Y, Li J L, et al. A smart thermal−gated bilayer membrane for temperature−adaptive radiative cooling and solar heating[J]. Science Bulletin, 2023, 68(18): 2054-2062.
[19]
Tang K C, Dong K C, Li J C, et al. Temperature−adaptive radiative coating for all−season household thermal regulation[J]. Science, 2021, 374(6574): 1504-1509.
[20]
Wei W, Tian Y Q, Shao Z W, et al. Self−adaptive metafabric enabling thermal rectification and radiative–phase change energy cycling for all−weather thermal regulation[J]. Advanced Functional Materials, 2026, 36(11): e15535.
[21]
Zhang Q, Wang Y F, Lv Y W, et al. Bioinspired zero−energy thermal−management device based on visible and infrared thermochromism for all−season energy saving[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2022, 119(38): e2207353119.
[22]
Zhang Q, Lv Y W, Wang Y F, et al. Temperature−dependent dual−mode thermal management device with net zero energy for year−round energy saving[J]. Nature Communications, 2022, 13: 4874.
[23]
Fei J P, Han D, Ge J Y, et al. Switchable surface coating for bifunctional passive radiative cooling and solar heating[J]. Advanced Functional Materials, 2022, 32(27): 2203582.
[24]
Zhang C L, Yang J L, Li Y, et al. Vapor–liquid transition−based broadband light modulation for self−adaptive thermal management[J]. Advanced Functional Materials, 2022, 32(48): 2208144.
[25]
Galib R H, Tian Y P, Lei Y, et al. Atmospheric−moisture−induced polyacrylate hydrogels for hybrid passive cooling[J]. Nature Communications, 2023, 14: 6707.
[26]
Lee S E, Seo J, Kim S, et al. Reversible solar heating and radiative cooling devices via mechanically guided assembly of 3D macro/microstructures[J]. Advanced Materials, 2024, 36(39): 2400930.
[27]
Butler A, Argyropoulos C. Mechanically tunable radiative cooling for adaptive thermal control[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2022, 211: 118527.
[28]
Deng Y, Yang Y H, Xiao Y H, et al. Annual energy−saving smart windows with actively controllable passive radiative cooling and multimode heating regulation[J]. Advanced Materials, 2024, 36(27): 2401869.
[29]
Zhang Z W, Yu M N, Ma C, et al. A Janus smart window for temperature−adaptive radiative cooling and adjustable solar transmittance[J]. Nano−Micro Letters, 2025, 17(1): 233.
[30]
Yang X Q, Yang Y H, Deng Y, et al. Enhancing thermal management performance of switchable radiative cooling film by multiple wavelength modulation[J]. Advanced Functional Materials, 2026, 36(23): e23554.
[31]
Sui C X, Pu J K, Chen T H, et al. Dynamic electrochromism for all−season radiative thermoregulation[J]. Nature Sustainability, 2023, 6(4): 428-437.
[32]
Wang W H, Wang L, Jin S H, et al. Electrochromic harvester for all−day energy savings in buildings[J]. ACS Energy Letters, 2025, 10(7): 3231-3240.
[33]
Guo C Y, Tang H J, Wang P F, et al. Radiative cooling assisted self−sustaining and highly efficient moisture energy harvesting[J]. Nature Communications, 2024, 15: 6100.
[34]
Liu R M, Xia K Q, Yu T, et al. Multifunctional smart fabrics with integration of self−cleaning, energy harvesting, and thermal management properties[J]. ACS Nano, 2024, 18(45): 31085-31097.
[35]
Zhou L, Song H M, Zhang N, et al. Hybrid concentrated radiative cooling and solar heating in a single system[J]. Cell Reports Physical Science, 2021, 2(2): 100338.
[36]
Li T X, Wu M Q, Xu J X, et al. Simultaneous atmospheric water production and 24−hour power generation enabled by moisture−induced energy harvesting[J]. Nature Communications, 2022, 13: 6771.
[37]
Shi X J, Luo Y, Liu C H, et al. Sustainable all−biomass radiative coolers with biomimetic thorny fiber for enhanced thermoelectric power generation[J]. Advanced Materials, 2026, 38(5): e16401.
[38]
Li L G, Xing D D, Yu H, et al. CO2−crosslinked cellulose for radiative−cooling−driven passive thermoelectric devices: One stone, two birds[J]. Materials Horizons, 2025, 12(10): 3546-3558.
[39]
Lee G, Kang H, Yun J, et al. Integrated triboelectric nanogenerator and radiative cooler for all−weather transparent glass surfaces[J]. Nature Communications, 2024, 15: 6537.
[40]
Zhang S, Liu Z K, Zhang W B, et al. Multi−bioinspired flexible thermal emitters for all−day radiative cooling and wearable self−powered thermoelectric generation[J]. Nano Energy, 2024, 123: 109393.
[41]
Ahmad S, Siddiqui A R, Yang K J, et al. Lubricated surface in a vertical double−sided architecture for radiative cooling and atmospheric water harvesting[J]. Advanced Materials, 2024, 36(51): 2470407.
[42]
Chen M J, Wang J P, Li Q. Hybrid directional radiative cooling and solar heating for efficient water harvesting via interior natural convection[J]. Advanced Functional Materials, 2025, 35(52): e07761.
[43]
刘熙远, 傅强, 邓华. 多功能聚合物基辐射制冷材料的发展近况及应用[J]. 高分子通报, 2025, 38(4): 572-589.
[44]
Huang J, Fan D S. Core−shell microspheres hybridized membrane for light emitting and radiative cooling[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2022, 924: 166480.
[45]
Xia H, Fan C Z. Polarization controllable colored radiative cooler based on photonic metamaterial[J]. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 2024, 266: 112693.
[46]
Wang T, Liu Y, Dong Y, et al. Colored radiative cooling: From photonic approaches to fluorescent colors and beyond[J]. Advanced Materials, 2025, 37(15): 2414300.
[47]
Ma J W, Zeng F R, Lin X C, et al. A photoluminescent hydrogen−bonded biomass aerogel for sustainable radiative cooling[J]. Science, 2024, 385(6704): 68-74.
[48]
Wang T, Liu Y, Xuan Q D, et al. Innovative photon−engineered fluorescent tri−layer polymeric coatings for sub−ambient colored radiative cooling[J]. Advanced Science, 2025, 12(43): e11599.
[49]
Fu Y, Ma X, Zhang X W, et al. Photoluminescent radiative cooling for aesthetic and urban comfort[J]. Nature Sustainability, 2025, 8(11): 1328-1339.
[50]
Peng Y D, Dong J C, Zhang Y T, et al. Thermally comfortable epidermal bioelectrodes based on ultrastretchable and passive radiative cooling e−textiles[J]. Nano Energy, 2024, 120: 109143.
[51]
Zhong S J, Lu B H, Wang D C, et al. Passive isothermal flexible sensor enabled by smart thermal−regulating aerogels[J]. Advanced Materials, 2025, 37(8): 2415386.
[52]
Hou X Y, Zhang K Y, Lai X T, et al. Brilliant colorful daytime radiative cooling coating mimicking scarab beetle[J]. Matter, 2025, 8(1): 101898.
[53]
Yu S X, Zhang Q, Wang Y F, et al. Photonic−structure colored radiative coolers for daytime subambient cooling[J]. Nano Letters, 2022, 22(12): 4925-4932.
[54]
Yang Z B, Lu H T, Li Q, et al. Nano/micro metal–organic framework−derived ceramics for sustainable energy saving/capturing[J]. Advanced Materials, 2026, 38(2): e12289.
[55]
Zhao D L, Tang H J. Staying stably cool in the sunlight[J]. Science, 2023, 382(6671): 644-645.
[56]
Li H L, Li X, Pan M Y, et al. Flexible ceramic radiative cooling membranes with high reflectivity in solar spectrum, excellent UV and fire resistance[J]. Advanced Functional Materials, 2026, 36(10): e16949.
[57]
Lin K X, Chen S R, Zeng Y J, et al. Hierarchically structured passive radiative cooling ceramic with high solar reflectivity[J]. Science, 2023, 382(6671): 691-697.
[58]
Zhao X P, Li T Y, Xie H, et al. A solution−processed radiative cooling glass[J]. Science, 2023, 382(6671): 684-691.
2026年第44卷第8期
PDF下载
1040
540
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2025.12.00079
  • 接收时间:2025-12-16
  • 首发时间:2026-05-08
  • 出版时间:2026-04-28
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2025-12-16
  • 修回日期:2026-02-14
基金
天津市杰出青年科学基金项目(24JCJQJC00230)
作者信息
    1南开大学材料科学与工程学院,天津 300350
    2四川大学空天科学与工程学院,机器人卫星四川省重点实验室,空间先进机构与智能飞行器教育部重点实验室,成都 610065

通讯作者:

鄢定祥(通信作者),教授,研究方向为航空航天高分子材料的成型加工、高性能及功能器件,电子信箱:;
马儒军(共同通信作者),教授,研究方向为柔性主动/被动制冷材料的研制及器件的制备,电子信箱:
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2025.12.00079
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏