Article(id=1228347013633344359, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, issueId=1228347007518048984, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2025.12.00074, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1765728000000, receivedDateStr=2025-12-15, revisedDate=1767801600000, revisedDateStr=2026-01-08, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1770790349634, onlineDateStr=2026-02-11, pubDate=1769529600000, pubDateStr=2026-01-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1770393600000, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-02-07, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1770790349634, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774080606926, updator=sys-migrate, issue=Issue{id=1228347007518048984, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, year='2026', volume='44', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='120', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1769529600000', pubDateStr='2026-01-28', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1770790348176, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1774331262404, updator='13041195026', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1243198678287102659, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, issueId=1228347007518048984, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1243198678287102660, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, issueId=1228347007518048984, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=44, endPage=53, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1228347014094717816, articleId=1228347013633344359, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, language=EN, title=Top astronomy events in 2025, columnId=1150494642224591153, journalTitle=Science & Technology Review, columnName=Exclusive, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
In 2025, astronomical research achieved systematic progress across multiple fields, significantly expanding our understanding of the multi−level structure of the universe through advanced observational facilities and in−depth data analysis. In Galactic studies, LAMOST combined with Gaia data has produced a high−precision three−dimensional dust extinction map of the Milky Way and revealed a "superbubble" structure with a diameter exceeding one kiloparsec within the Milky Way's Perseus Arm. FAST captured a rare "pulsar − helium star" binary system and first revealed a complex filamentary network dominated by turbulence within a very−high−velocity neutral hydrogen cloud. In solar system exploration, the analysis of lunar far−side samples returned by Chang'e−6 revealed the water−poor nature of the lunar mantle, its extremely depleted isotopic composition, and the possible impact direction of the South Pole–Aitken basin, providing critical evidence for the asymmetric evolution of the Moon. In cosmology, DESI survey data, combined with supernova observations, provided an observational indication at the~3σ level for a possible time evolution in the dark energy equation of state. In time−domain astronomy, EP successfully captured X−ray precursors from high−redshift gamma−ray bursts and discovered new types of weak−jet supernova transients. Additionally, Gaia completed its mission and retired, leaving a valuable legacy; Euclid and Rubin Observatory released their first data, ushering in a new era; humanity welcomed its third interstellar visitor and conducted stereoscopic observations; JWST directly imaged a young planet; and EHT revealed the evolution of the polarization structure of the M87* black hole. These accomplishments reaffirm the power of astronomy's integrated exploration paradigm, characterized by ground−space synergy, multi−wavelength coverage, and the integration of time−domain monitoring with static mapping. They also lay a more solid foundation for understanding the formation and evolution of systems ranging from planetary scales to the cosmic scale.
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All rights reserved. Unauthorized reproduction is prohibited., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1228347016938456005, articleId=1228347013633344359, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, language=CN, title=2025年天文学热点回眸, columnId=1150494642375586098, journalTitle=科技导报, columnName=特色专题, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
2025年,天文学研究在多个领域取得系统性进展,依托先进观测设备与深度数据分析,显著拓展了对宇宙多层次结构的认知。在银河系研究方面,郭守敬望远镜(Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopy Telescope,LAMOST)结合盖亚(Gaia)天文卫星的数据绘制出高精度银河系三维尘埃消光图,并揭示银河系英仙臂中存在直径超千秒差距的“超泡”结构。中国天眼(Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope,FAST)捕获了罕见的“脉冲星−氦星”双星系统,并首次揭示超高速中性氢云内部由湍流主导的复杂丝状网络。在太阳系探索中,嫦娥六号返回的月球背面样品分析,揭示了月幔的贫水特征、极端亏损的同位素组成以及南极−艾特肯盆地可能的撞击方向,为月球不对称演化提供了关键证据。宇宙学领域,暗能量光谱仪(Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument,DESI)巡天数据结合超新星观测数据,对暗能量状态方程是否随时间演化提出了约3σ显著性的观测指征。时域天文方面,“天关”卫星(Einstein Probe,EP)成功捕捉到高红移伽马暴的X射线前兆与新型弱喷流超新星暂现源。此外,盖亚天文卫星完成使命退役,留下宝贵遗产,欧几里得(Euclid)空间望远镜与薇拉·鲁宾天文台发布首批数据开启新时代,人类迎来第3位星际访客并完成立体观测,韦布空间望远镜(James Webb Space Telescope,JWST)直接成像年轻行星,以及事件视界望远镜(Event Horizon Telescope,EHT)揭示M87*黑洞偏振结构的演化。这些成果再次印证了天文学领域地面与空间协同、多波段覆盖、时域监测与静态测绘并重这一综合探索范式的强大威力,并为理解从行星系统到宇宙尺度的形成与演化奠定了更加坚实的基础。
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