Article(id=1324320226472505539, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, issueId=1324320221309313194, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2025.12.00041, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1765123200000, receivedDateStr=2025-12-08, revisedDate=1766937600000, revisedDateStr=2025-12-29, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793672146670, onlineDateStr=2026-11-03, pubDate=1790524800000, pubDateStr=2026-09-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793672146670, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-03, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793672146670, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793672146670, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1324320221309313194, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, year='2026', volume='44', issue='18', pageStart='1', pageEnd='180', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1790524800000', pubDateStr='2026-09-28', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793672145439, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793673806843, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1324327189847605469, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, issueId=1324320221309313194, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1324327189847605470, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, issueId=1324320221309313194, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=137, endPage=151, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1324320226829021380, articleId=1324320226472505539, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, language=EN, title=Progress of the digital intelligence of metal grain boundary properties and corresponding mechanical properties, columnId=1150494644690366681, journalTitle=Science & Technology Review, columnName=Papers, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Grain boundaries are one of the common defects in metallic materials and strongly affect the mechanical properties of metals. In response to the urgent demand for high strength and damage resistance of metallic materials in engineering applications, this paper takes the properties of grain boundaries and corresponding mechanical properties as examples to systematically review the digital and intelligent research progress of the microstructure and mechanical properties of metallic materials. This review elaborates on the closed−loop research paradigm of "high−throughput computing − theoretical model − machine learning and large language model". In detail, the high−throughput computing platform generates material data in batches through multi−scale computing, forming the large database. Based on the large database, combined with the classical thermodynamic/dynamic models of materials science and the bonding theories of metal physics, descriptors and theoretical models are constructed to establish the quantitative structure−activity relationship between microstructure and macroscopic mechanical properties. Machine learning can be used for rapid prediction of material properties. They can also integrate descriptors with theoretical models to solve the "black box" problem, thereby guiding theoretical calculations and experimental studies. Large−language models can be trained on massive materials science texts, demonstrating powerful cross−disciplinary knowledge integration and generation capabilities, and can serve as efficient intelligent research assistants to assist in material discovery and design. Finally, we also look forward to the development of this field towards the deep integration of physical constraint embedding and autonomous scientific discovery. We also propose the key challenges, such as data quality, theoretical universality, model transferability, and "Hallucination" of the large−language models. All these reviews provide a systematic theoretical reference for the digital and intelligent research on the grain boundary properties and corresponding mechanical properties of metallic materials, as well as for the design of high−performance metallic materials.
, authors=Xin LI, Zhiwei ZHANG, Wang GAO
*, Qing JIANG, authorsList=Xin LI, Zhiwei ZHANG, Wang GAO, Qing JIANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Wang GAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=
All rights reserved. Unauthorized reproduction is prohibited., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1324320229832143054, articleId=1324320226472505539, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, language=CN, title=金属晶界性质及相应力学性能的数智化研究进展, columnId=1146540929516700224, journalTitle=科技导报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
晶界是金属材料中的常见缺陷之一,严重影响金属的力学性能。针对工程应用对金属材料高强度与抗损伤性能的迫切需求,以晶界性质及相应力学性能为例,综述了金属材料微观结构与力学性能的数智化研究进展。阐述了“高通量计算—理论模型—机器学习与大模型”的闭环研究范式:高通量计算平台通过多尺度计算批量生成材料数据,形成数据库;在此基础上,结合材料经典热动力学模型与金属键合性质模型,提炼具有物理意义的描述符,构建理论模型,建立晶界微观结构与宏观力学性能的定量构效关系;机器学习可用于材料性质的快速预测,还可融合描述符与理论模型解决其“黑箱”问题,进而指导理论计算和实验;大模型可基于海量的材料科学语料进行训练,展现出强大的跨领域知识整合与生成能力,可作为高效的智能研究助理辅助材料发现与设计。
, authors=李昕, 张志伟, 高旺
*, 蒋青, authorsList=李昕, 张志伟, 高旺, 蒋青, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=高旺, authorNote=
, correspAuthorsNote=
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版权所有,未经授权,不得转载。, copyrightOwner=《科技导报》编辑部, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=cC3vchc/UoUhWNycoBhWeQ==, magXml=h1PHaCyUKSN031nXv/kzHg==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=xz0kK8GE9Q1VFvZDpgwGEA==, pdfFileSize=5346875, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=dOuTf4fVS7objIiCaidZRg==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=+n0/JUfmTaI2PuntAJoBrw==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1324320230243184851, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1324320226472505539, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=lx21@mails.jlu.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1324320230310293716, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1324320226472505539, authorId=1324320230243184851, language=EN, stringName=Xin LI, firstName=Xin, middleName=null, lastName=LI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=null, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1324320230373208278, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1324320226472505539, authorId=1324320230243184851, language=CN, stringName=李昕, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=null, bio={"content":"
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| 平台名称 | 类别 | 应用范围及特色功能 | | 侧重的领域 |
|---|
| Atomsk[3] | 晶体结构建模工具 | 创建复杂超胞、多晶模型、缺陷结构 | | 晶界和位错等常见缺陷结构建模 |
| Aimsgb[4] | 专用晶界生成工具 | 对称与非对称晶界模型的快速构建,基于重合点阵模型(CSL)理论生成特定Σ值的晶界、支持多种晶体结构 | | 晶界能计算、界面偏析研究的结构准备 |
| ASE[5] | 原子模拟框架/ 接口平台 | 第一性原理与分子动力学模拟的前后处理、工作流自动化,灵活的原子操作、内置优化算法、与机器学习库(如scikit−learn)无缝衔接等 | | 原子结构的高通量结构弛豫、表面/界面等性质的高通量计算 |
| Pymatgen[6] | 材料信息学/ 结构分析库 | 晶体结构分析、对称性识别、描述符生成、相图计算。GrainBoundaryGenerator 模块(高通量晶界模型生成)、缺陷分析模块、与 Materials Project 数据库和 Fireworks等工作流对接等 | | 材料基因、高通量筛选、结构特征工程 |
| Pyiron[7] | 集成计算平台 | 高通量建模与结构分析、多尺度模拟工作流管理、数据存储与分析 | | 复杂合金设计、相变模拟、多尺度材料工程 |
| AFLOW[8] | 高通量计算框架 | 自动化的第一性原理计算、材料性质数据库生成。AFLOW内置模块自动界面性质的计算、与AFLOW数据库联动等 | | 无机晶体、金属间化合物、力学性质预测 |
DeePMD−kit DP−GEN[9−10] | 机器学习势 函数平台 | 高精度分子动力学模拟、势函数开发与主动学习。自动化势函数开发与迭代,确保精度的同时加速计算,对于晶界和位错等大尺度缺陷提供加速研究的工具 | | 大体系/长时间尺度模拟、复杂合金与界面动力学 |
| DAMASK[11] | 晶体塑性有限元 模拟套件 | 多晶材料塑性变形、织构演化、损伤分析,基于位错密度的物理本构、热力学耦合、多物理场求解 | | 金属塑性成形、疲劳与断裂、微观组织−性能关联 |
| MatCloud+[12] | 材料云计算与 数据平台 | 高通量计算、材料数据库、机器学习建模云端一体化、原子结构建模与性质预测模块、与实验数据关联分析 | | 新材料研发、工艺优化等协同平台 |
| ProMe[13] | 极端条件物性 计算平台 | 高压、高温、强辐照等极端环境下材料性质模拟。辐照损伤模拟、高压相变预测、极端条件本构关系 | | 核材料、超硬材料、极端环境材料设计 |
| 力牧(Limo)[14] | 材料力学性能 计算软件 | 极端变形条件下材料微观结构演化与力学响应。计算多晶界面性质、位错性质、相变动力学以及弹性常数计算等 | | 金属材料、合金设计、力学性能模拟及本构关系的建立 |
| Powerbyte[15] | 相场模拟软件 | 相场计算、相变相关模拟、第二相析出、位错生成等结构模拟 | | 铸造与焊接组织控制、热处理工艺优化、增材制造微观组织 |
| GalaxyEDS | 多效应仿真 计算机辅助工程(CAE)平台 | 多物理场耦合分析、工艺−结构−性能一体化仿真 | | 特种冶金、特种加工、复合材料设计、器件多物理场分析 |
), ArticleFig(id=1324320235024691453, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1324320226472505539, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
部分与晶界性质研究相关的软件平台名称、类别、应用范围、特色功能及侧重的应用领域
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 平台名称 | 类别 | 应用范围及特色功能 | | 侧重的领域 |
|---|
| Atomsk[3] | 晶体结构建模工具 | 创建复杂超胞、多晶模型、缺陷结构 | | 晶界和位错等常见缺陷结构建模 |
| Aimsgb[4] | 专用晶界生成工具 | 对称与非对称晶界模型的快速构建,基于重合点阵模型(CSL)理论生成特定Σ值的晶界、支持多种晶体结构 | | 晶界能计算、界面偏析研究的结构准备 |
| ASE[5] | 原子模拟框架/ 接口平台 | 第一性原理与分子动力学模拟的前后处理、工作流自动化,灵活的原子操作、内置优化算法、与机器学习库(如scikit−learn)无缝衔接等 | | 原子结构的高通量结构弛豫、表面/界面等性质的高通量计算 |
| Pymatgen[6] | 材料信息学/ 结构分析库 | 晶体结构分析、对称性识别、描述符生成、相图计算。GrainBoundaryGenerator 模块(高通量晶界模型生成)、缺陷分析模块、与 Materials Project 数据库和 Fireworks等工作流对接等 | | 材料基因、高通量筛选、结构特征工程 |
| Pyiron[7] | 集成计算平台 | 高通量建模与结构分析、多尺度模拟工作流管理、数据存储与分析 | | 复杂合金设计、相变模拟、多尺度材料工程 |
| AFLOW[8] | 高通量计算框架 | 自动化的第一性原理计算、材料性质数据库生成。AFLOW内置模块自动界面性质的计算、与AFLOW数据库联动等 | | 无机晶体、金属间化合物、力学性质预测 |
DeePMD−kit DP−GEN[9−10] | 机器学习势 函数平台 | 高精度分子动力学模拟、势函数开发与主动学习。自动化势函数开发与迭代,确保精度的同时加速计算,对于晶界和位错等大尺度缺陷提供加速研究的工具 | | 大体系/长时间尺度模拟、复杂合金与界面动力学 |
| DAMASK[11] | 晶体塑性有限元 模拟套件 | 多晶材料塑性变形、织构演化、损伤分析,基于位错密度的物理本构、热力学耦合、多物理场求解 | | 金属塑性成形、疲劳与断裂、微观组织−性能关联 |
| MatCloud+[12] | 材料云计算与 数据平台 | 高通量计算、材料数据库、机器学习建模云端一体化、原子结构建模与性质预测模块、与实验数据关联分析 | | 新材料研发、工艺优化等协同平台 |
| ProMe[13] | 极端条件物性 计算平台 | 高压、高温、强辐照等极端环境下材料性质模拟。辐照损伤模拟、高压相变预测、极端条件本构关系 | | 核材料、超硬材料、极端环境材料设计 |
| 力牧(Limo)[14] | 材料力学性能 计算软件 | 极端变形条件下材料微观结构演化与力学响应。计算多晶界面性质、位错性质、相变动力学以及弹性常数计算等 | | 金属材料、合金设计、力学性能模拟及本构关系的建立 |
| Powerbyte[15] | 相场模拟软件 | 相场计算、相变相关模拟、第二相析出、位错生成等结构模拟 | | 铸造与焊接组织控制、热处理工艺优化、增材制造微观组织 |
| GalaxyEDS | 多效应仿真 计算机辅助工程(CAE)平台 | 多物理场耦合分析、工艺−结构−性能一体化仿真 | | 特种冶金、特种加工、复合材料设计、器件多物理场分析 |
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