Article(id=1273334881187779046, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, issueId=1273334825638420729, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2025.11.00041, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1762963200000, receivedDateStr=2025-11-13, revisedDate=1776787200000, revisedDateStr=2026-04-22, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1781516293093, onlineDateStr=2026-06-15, pubDate=1779897600000, pubDateStr=2026-05-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1781516293093, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-15, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1781516293093, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1781516293093, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1273334825638420729, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, year='2026', volume='44', issue='10', pageStart='1', pageEnd='164', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1781516279847, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1781519137123, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1273346810031628465, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, issueId=1273334825638420729, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1273346810031628466, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, issueId=1273334825638420729, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=43, endPage=55, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1273334881535906280, articleId=1273334881187779046, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, language=EN, title=Advances in spaceflight−induced bone loss and China's research progress, columnId=1150494642224591153, journalTitle=Science & Technology Review, columnName=Exclusive, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Long−term exposure to microgravity causes significant bone loss in astronauts, posing a major threat to human health and limiting the implementation of deep−space exploration missions. This review systematically summarizes the mechanisms, experimental advances, and major countermeasures related to microgravity−induced bone loss, with a particular focus on relevant research progress in China. Current evidence indicates that weightlessness disrupts the balance between bone formation and bone resorption, characterized by enhanced osteoclastic activity, impaired osteogenic function, abnormal osteocyte apoptosis, and disturbances in calcium metabolism and endocrine regulation, ultimately leading to bone mass loss. Human spaceflight studies, animal experiments, and ground−based simulation models have further revealed the multi−level effects of microgravity on bone structure and function. Although exercise, nutritional supplementation, pharmacological interventions, and mechanical stimulation can partially alleviate bone loss, their protective efficacy remains limited. Future studies should integrate multi−omics approaches with advanced simulation models to further elucidate the mechanisms of spaceflight−induced bone loss and optimize comprehensive countermeasure strategies.
, correspAuthors=Mengrui WU, Luyang YU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=
All rights reserved. Unauthorized reproduction is prohibited., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Jingyi SONG, Cui ZHANG, Wei QIAN, Jinfu WANG, Mengrui WU, Luyang YU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1273334883570143724, articleId=1273334881187779046, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, language=CN, title=空间骨丢失研究进展与中国探索, columnId=1150494642375586098, journalTitle=科技导报, columnName=特色专题, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
长期微重力环境可导致航天员发生显著骨丢失,严重影响其健康并制约深空探测任务实施。系统综述了微重力环境下骨丢失的发生机制、实验研究进展及主要防护措施,并总结了中国在该领域的相关研究成果。研究表明,失重环境可导致骨形成与骨吸收失衡,表现为破骨活性增强、成骨功能受抑,并伴随骨细胞异常凋亡及钙代谢、内分泌紊乱,从而导致骨量丢失。人类航天员在轨研究、动物实验及地面模拟研究进一步揭示了失重对骨组织结构与功能的多层次影响。现有运动、营养、药物和机械刺激等干预措施虽可部分缓解骨丢失,但仍存在疗效有限等问题。未来需结合多组学研究与模拟模型,深入阐明失重性骨丢失机制并优化综合防护策略。
, correspAuthors=吴梦瑞, 余路阳, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
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版权所有,未经授权,不得转载。, copyrightOwner=《科技导报》编辑部, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=k6E4WXv6/ltpUH72QSuvLQ==, magXml=XI0bOjIm4hd187dSSKCsgQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=cV908OZtTFQ/oMUXLNl2Qg==, pdfFileSize=1174835, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=yngjrBlov9SEJGo3XcvJPg==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=L7639FeHOgNZRRJG0JRjLg==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=
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| 类别 | 实验机构 | 实验地点 | 实验对象 | 结论 |
|---|
人类航天员研究
| 德克萨斯女子大学[15] | 双子座IV、V和VII | 宇航员 | 太空短期飞行骨量损失虽小但显著 |
| 康奈尔大学[16] | 双子座IV | 2名宇航员 | 飞行期间尿液和粪便钙排泄通常升高,导致飞行期间钙平衡较低 |
美国加利福尼亚大学 戴维斯分校[2] | 阿波罗15、 天空实验室Ⅱ | 宇航员 | 航天员每月骨密度下降约1.0%~1.5%,骨流失速度远超正常骨质疏松患者 |
美国宇航局艾姆斯 研究中心[17] | 俄罗斯Mir空间站 | 7名宇航员 | 太空飞行使飞行员下肢骨密度和肌肉力量下降,但椎骨几乎不受影响 |
| 法国圣艾蒂安大学[18] | 俄罗斯Mir空间站 | 2名宇航员 | 太空飞行后的骨质脆性较着陆时进一步增加 |
美国国家航空航天局 航天中心[19] | 和平号 | 3名宇航员 | 航天飞行导致持续的骨钙丢失和负向的钙平衡 |
| 法国圣艾蒂安医学院[3] | 俄罗斯Mir空间站 | 15名宇航员 | 承重骨失重后骨量减少明显,非承重骨受影响较小 |
美国加利福尼亚大学 戴维斯分校[20] | 国际空间站 | 14名宇航员 | 长时间的太空飞行可能会导致骨强度的大幅下降 |
美国加利福尼亚大学 旧金山分校[21] | 国际空间站 | 16名宇航员 | 太空飞行期间的骨丢失不会恢复,着陆后骨密度会继续恶化 |
| 法国圣艾蒂安大学[22] | 国际空间站 | 13名宇航员 | 太空飞行期间和飞行之后,都需要采取保护措施,着陆后很长一段时间内骨骼恢复仍然存在不确定性 |
| 法国圣艾蒂安大学[23] | 和平号、 国际空间站 | 宇航员 | 航天飞行会导致负重骨骼部位的骨骼脆弱并增加骨吸收 |
| 大学空间研究协会[24] | 国际空间站 | 7名宇航员 | 宇航员在长时间太空飞行中的阻力运动可部分防止太空飞行引起的骨质流失 |
| 加拿大卡尔加里大学[25] | 国际空间站 | 17名宇航员 | 太空飞行中训练量的增加可以使胫骨强度、骨密度和厚度保持 |
| 加拿大卡尔加里大学[26] | 国际空间站 | 17名宇航员 | 长期太空飞行返回后1年,胫骨远端骨强度和小梁微结构恢复不完全 |
| 横滨市立大学高级医学研究中心[27] | 国际空间站 | 6名宇航员 | 宇航员在太空飞行过程中会诱发骨代谢异常 |
柏林空间医学和极端 环境中心[28] | 国际空间站 | 12名宇航员 | 太空飞行中大多数肌肉的组织刚度得以保留,胫骨前肌僵硬降低,腓肠肌的僵硬增加 |
动物模型 实验 | 苏联莫斯科医学生物 问题研究所[29] | 宇宙−1545 | 大鼠 | 太空飞行初期,非承重骨的骨吸收被激活 |
苏联莫斯科生物医学 问题研究所[30] | 宇宙−1667 | 大鼠 | 太空飞行期间骨生成过程受到抑制 |
苏联莫斯科生物医学 问题研究所[31] | 宇宙−1887 | 大鼠 | 太空飞行期间骨吸收作用增强 |
| 法国圣艾蒂安大学[32] | 宇宙−2044 | 大鼠 | 太空飞行使胫骨松质骨宽度减小和股骨骨吸收活性增加 |
动物模型 实验 | 日本鹿儿岛大学工程 学院[33] | 哥伦比亚号 | 大鼠 | 微重力环境会导致多种骨骼交替,例如微量元素组成异常和椎体成熟缺陷 |
| 美国波士顿大学[13] | STS−59 | 鸡胚胎 | 骨骼的失重会导致骨骼中钙的流失 |
美国航空航天局艾姆斯 研究中心[34] | STS−131 | 小鼠 | 股骨骨密度显著降低,但肱骨骨密度无显著变化 |
| 东京工业大学[35] | 国际空间站 | 青鳉鱼 | 微重力环境会诱导细胞表达高水平的破骨细胞标记蛋白 |
| 俄罗斯科学院[36] | Bion−M1 生物卫星 | 小鼠 | 微重力环境导致小鼠股四头肌肌肉萎缩和再生受损 |
杰克逊基因组医学 实验室[37] | 国际空间站 | 小鼠 | 通过阻断MSTN/激活素A信号传导可以显著增加骨量 |
| 俄勒冈州立大学[38] | STS−62 | 大鼠 | 失重对骨质的影响不完全由是否承重决定 |
| 印第安纳大学[39] | 国际空间站 | 小鼠 | BMP2通过机械负荷途径治疗航天过程中骨折对非损伤部位的影响 |
蓝大理石空间科学 研究所[40] | NASA RR−1 | 小鼠 | 不同骨骼对失重的响应存在异质性,与肌肉附着有关 |
| 细胞实验 | 美国加利福尼亚州旧金山退伍军人事务部[41] | STS−56 | MC3T3−E1成骨 细胞系 | 失重导致成骨细胞中的肌动蛋白细胞骨架显著改变 |
日本东京医科齿科 大学[42] | STS−65 | 原代成骨细胞 | 微重力诱导成骨细胞中白细胞介素6的生成 |
比利时天主教鲁汶 大学[9] | 福田10 | MG−63细胞 | 微重力降低MG−63细胞的成骨分化 |
| 法国圣埃蒂安大学[43] | 俄罗斯Bion10 | ROS17/2.8细胞 | 太空飞行使细胞表现出混合形态、堆积、恒星形状和分散的表征 |
日本东京医科齿科 大学[44] | STS−65 | 原代成骨细胞 | 太空飞行调节成骨细胞中的胰岛素生长因子结合蛋白和糖皮质激素受体 |
| 美国旧金山北加州研究与教育研究所[45] | Osteo | MC3T3−E1成骨 细胞系 | 失重环境下成骨细胞合成代谢反应受抑制 |
多伦多大学士嘉堡 分校[46] | 福田M3卫星 | RAW细胞、原代 成骨细胞 | 失重使成骨细胞活性降低,破骨细胞活性升高且骨吸收增加 |
| 苏黎世大学[47] | TEXUS−54 | 原代巨噬细胞 | 微重力诱导原代巨噬细胞中潜在重力转导细胞骨架的几何细胞变化以及快速响应和适应 |
| 意大利巴里大学[48] | 国际空间站 | EC−EOMA、OBs− MC3T3E1、原代 破骨前体细胞 | 鸢尾素支持成骨细胞分化和微重力下的活性 |
| 密歇根大学[49] | 国际空间站 | 成骨细胞 | 成骨细胞中YAP的表达受到微重力的负面影响,但不影响BMP2刺激的pSMAD1/5/9 |
| 以色列Amorphical LTD公司[50] | 国际空间站 | 人骨髓间充质 干细胞 | 无定形碳酸钙(amorphous calcium carbonate,ACC)增强了人原代骨骼肌细胞向肌管的分化 |
| 浙江大学[51] | SJ−10卫星 | 人骨髓间充质 干细胞 | 微重力下,p38 MAPK活性的增加和AKT活性的去抑制导致信号通路的激活,特异性促进脂肪生成 |
), ArticleFig(id=1273334891941974567, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334881187779046, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
空间骨丢失相关研究
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 类别 | 实验机构 | 实验地点 | 实验对象 | 结论 |
|---|
人类航天员研究
| 德克萨斯女子大学[15] | 双子座IV、V和VII | 宇航员 | 太空短期飞行骨量损失虽小但显著 |
| 康奈尔大学[16] | 双子座IV | 2名宇航员 | 飞行期间尿液和粪便钙排泄通常升高,导致飞行期间钙平衡较低 |
美国加利福尼亚大学 戴维斯分校[2] | 阿波罗15、 天空实验室Ⅱ | 宇航员 | 航天员每月骨密度下降约1.0%~1.5%,骨流失速度远超正常骨质疏松患者 |
美国宇航局艾姆斯 研究中心[17] | 俄罗斯Mir空间站 | 7名宇航员 | 太空飞行使飞行员下肢骨密度和肌肉力量下降,但椎骨几乎不受影响 |
| 法国圣艾蒂安大学[18] | 俄罗斯Mir空间站 | 2名宇航员 | 太空飞行后的骨质脆性较着陆时进一步增加 |
美国国家航空航天局 航天中心[19] | 和平号 | 3名宇航员 | 航天飞行导致持续的骨钙丢失和负向的钙平衡 |
| 法国圣艾蒂安医学院[3] | 俄罗斯Mir空间站 | 15名宇航员 | 承重骨失重后骨量减少明显,非承重骨受影响较小 |
美国加利福尼亚大学 戴维斯分校[20] | 国际空间站 | 14名宇航员 | 长时间的太空飞行可能会导致骨强度的大幅下降 |
美国加利福尼亚大学 旧金山分校[21] | 国际空间站 | 16名宇航员 | 太空飞行期间的骨丢失不会恢复,着陆后骨密度会继续恶化 |
| 法国圣艾蒂安大学[22] | 国际空间站 | 13名宇航员 | 太空飞行期间和飞行之后,都需要采取保护措施,着陆后很长一段时间内骨骼恢复仍然存在不确定性 |
| 法国圣艾蒂安大学[23] | 和平号、 国际空间站 | 宇航员 | 航天飞行会导致负重骨骼部位的骨骼脆弱并增加骨吸收 |
| 大学空间研究协会[24] | 国际空间站 | 7名宇航员 | 宇航员在长时间太空飞行中的阻力运动可部分防止太空飞行引起的骨质流失 |
| 加拿大卡尔加里大学[25] | 国际空间站 | 17名宇航员 | 太空飞行中训练量的增加可以使胫骨强度、骨密度和厚度保持 |
| 加拿大卡尔加里大学[26] | 国际空间站 | 17名宇航员 | 长期太空飞行返回后1年,胫骨远端骨强度和小梁微结构恢复不完全 |
| 横滨市立大学高级医学研究中心[27] | 国际空间站 | 6名宇航员 | 宇航员在太空飞行过程中会诱发骨代谢异常 |
柏林空间医学和极端 环境中心[28] | 国际空间站 | 12名宇航员 | 太空飞行中大多数肌肉的组织刚度得以保留,胫骨前肌僵硬降低,腓肠肌的僵硬增加 |
动物模型 实验 | 苏联莫斯科医学生物 问题研究所[29] | 宇宙−1545 | 大鼠 | 太空飞行初期,非承重骨的骨吸收被激活 |
苏联莫斯科生物医学 问题研究所[30] | 宇宙−1667 | 大鼠 | 太空飞行期间骨生成过程受到抑制 |
苏联莫斯科生物医学 问题研究所[31] | 宇宙−1887 | 大鼠 | 太空飞行期间骨吸收作用增强 |
| 法国圣艾蒂安大学[32] | 宇宙−2044 | 大鼠 | 太空飞行使胫骨松质骨宽度减小和股骨骨吸收活性增加 |
动物模型 实验 | 日本鹿儿岛大学工程 学院[33] | 哥伦比亚号 | 大鼠 | 微重力环境会导致多种骨骼交替,例如微量元素组成异常和椎体成熟缺陷 |
| 美国波士顿大学[13] | STS−59 | 鸡胚胎 | 骨骼的失重会导致骨骼中钙的流失 |
美国航空航天局艾姆斯 研究中心[34] | STS−131 | 小鼠 | 股骨骨密度显著降低,但肱骨骨密度无显著变化 |
| 东京工业大学[35] | 国际空间站 | 青鳉鱼 | 微重力环境会诱导细胞表达高水平的破骨细胞标记蛋白 |
| 俄罗斯科学院[36] | Bion−M1 生物卫星 | 小鼠 | 微重力环境导致小鼠股四头肌肌肉萎缩和再生受损 |
杰克逊基因组医学 实验室[37] | 国际空间站 | 小鼠 | 通过阻断MSTN/激活素A信号传导可以显著增加骨量 |
| 俄勒冈州立大学[38] | STS−62 | 大鼠 | 失重对骨质的影响不完全由是否承重决定 |
| 印第安纳大学[39] | 国际空间站 | 小鼠 | BMP2通过机械负荷途径治疗航天过程中骨折对非损伤部位的影响 |
蓝大理石空间科学 研究所[40] | NASA RR−1 | 小鼠 | 不同骨骼对失重的响应存在异质性,与肌肉附着有关 |
| 细胞实验 | 美国加利福尼亚州旧金山退伍军人事务部[41] | STS−56 | MC3T3−E1成骨 细胞系 | 失重导致成骨细胞中的肌动蛋白细胞骨架显著改变 |
日本东京医科齿科 大学[42] | STS−65 | 原代成骨细胞 | 微重力诱导成骨细胞中白细胞介素6的生成 |
比利时天主教鲁汶 大学[9] | 福田10 | MG−63细胞 | 微重力降低MG−63细胞的成骨分化 |
| 法国圣埃蒂安大学[43] | 俄罗斯Bion10 | ROS17/2.8细胞 | 太空飞行使细胞表现出混合形态、堆积、恒星形状和分散的表征 |
日本东京医科齿科 大学[44] | STS−65 | 原代成骨细胞 | 太空飞行调节成骨细胞中的胰岛素生长因子结合蛋白和糖皮质激素受体 |
| 美国旧金山北加州研究与教育研究所[45] | Osteo | MC3T3−E1成骨 细胞系 | 失重环境下成骨细胞合成代谢反应受抑制 |
多伦多大学士嘉堡 分校[46] | 福田M3卫星 | RAW细胞、原代 成骨细胞 | 失重使成骨细胞活性降低,破骨细胞活性升高且骨吸收增加 |
| 苏黎世大学[47] | TEXUS−54 | 原代巨噬细胞 | 微重力诱导原代巨噬细胞中潜在重力转导细胞骨架的几何细胞变化以及快速响应和适应 |
| 意大利巴里大学[48] | 国际空间站 | EC−EOMA、OBs− MC3T3E1、原代 破骨前体细胞 | 鸢尾素支持成骨细胞分化和微重力下的活性 |
| 密歇根大学[49] | 国际空间站 | 成骨细胞 | 成骨细胞中YAP的表达受到微重力的负面影响,但不影响BMP2刺激的pSMAD1/5/9 |
| 以色列Amorphical LTD公司[50] | 国际空间站 | 人骨髓间充质 干细胞 | 无定形碳酸钙(amorphous calcium carbonate,ACC)增强了人原代骨骼肌细胞向肌管的分化 |
| 浙江大学[51] | SJ−10卫星 | 人骨髓间充质 干细胞 | 微重力下,p38 MAPK活性的增加和AKT活性的去抑制导致信号通路的激活,特异性促进脂肪生成 |
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