Article(id=1254112849396163352, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, issueId=1254112841712206109, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2025.06.00075, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1750089600000, receivedDateStr=2025-06-17, revisedDate=1772294400000, revisedDateStr=2026-03-01, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1776933403586, onlineDateStr=2026-04-23, pubDate=1776009600000, pubDateStr=2026-04-13, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1776933403586, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-04-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1776933403586, creator=13041195026, updateTime=1776933403586, updator=13041195026, issue=Issue{id=1254112841712206109, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, year='2026', volume='44', issue='7', pageStart='1', pageEnd='128', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1776009600000', pubDateStr='2026-04-13', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1776933401732, creator='13041195026', updateTime=1776934002915, updator='13041195026', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1254115363315191985, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, issueId=1254112841712206109, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1254115363315191986, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, issueId=1254112841712206109, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=115, endPage=120, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1254112852147626781, articleId=1254112849396163352, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, language=EN, title=Human−AI collaboration through innovation ecosystem reconfiguration: HCI paradigm transformation, columnId=1150494643415773491, journalTitle=Science & Technology Review, columnName=Policy Forum, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

As artificial intelligence evolves from a passive tool into a collaborative actor with autonomous decision−making and learning capabilities, Human−Computer Interaction (HCI) is undergoing a paradigm shift from "humans using technology" toward Human−AI Collaboration. The growing agency of AI challenges the foundational assumption of traditional HCI that humans are the sole agentive actors. However, the theoretical premise of user−centered design struggles to accommodate dynamic multi−agent collaboration, and existing evaluation frameworks lack effective instruments for assessing collaboration quality and equitable value distribution. These limitations result in the absence of collaborative frameworks for heterogeneous actors, a lack of mediating tools and controllable experimental spaces for cognitive alignment, and the difficulty of institutionalizing localized collaborative experience into public capacity. Grounded in socio−technical systems theory, this paper proposes a four−element model—Heterogeneous Communities, Provocative Prototypes, Peripheral Innovation, and Collaborative Networks—reveals the cyclic evolutionary mechanism among these elements, and provides differentiated recommendations for researchers, research managers, and policy makers, offering a theoretical framework and practical pathway for building an inclusive, equitable, and sustainably evolving Human−AI collaborative system.

, authors=null, authorsList=Zhiyong FU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=All rights reserved. Unauthorized reproduction is prohibited., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1254112855083639592, articleId=1254112849396163352, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, language=CN, title=人智协同的创新生态重构:HCI范式转型, columnId=1150494643549991220, journalTitle=科技导报, columnName=政策建议, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

随着人工智能从被动工具演进为具备自主决策与学习能力的协作主体,人机交互正经历从“人使用技术”到“人智协同”的范式转型。现有人机交互研究虽已关注协同过程,但人工智能能动性的持续增强,已将研究重心从交互界面与用户体验拓展至人智协同的组织形态与制度安排。人工智能的能动性增强使人机交互在主体结构、协作方式与系统组织上面临一系列挑战:传统“以人为唯一能动主体”的理论前提难以适应多主体动态协同,现有评价体系缺乏对协作质量与价值分配的有效衡量工具,由此导致缺乏容纳人工智能与多元主体的协同框架,缺少支持认知对齐的中介工具与可控的试验空间,局部协同经验难以制度化扩散为公共能力。基于社会技术系统理论,提出由“异质社群—激发原型—边域创新—共协网络”组成的四要素模型,揭示要素之间循环演化的动力机制,并针对科研人员、科研管理者和科技政策制定者提出差异化的行动建议,为构建包容、公平且可持续演化的人智协同体系提供理论框架与实践路径。

, authors=

付志勇,教授,研究方向为智能交互设计,电子信箱:

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付志勇,教授,研究方向为智能交互设计,电子信箱:

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人智协同的创新生态重构:HCI范式转型
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付志勇 1, 2
科技导报 | 政策建议 2026,44(7): 115-120
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科技导报 |政策建议 2026 , 44 (7) : 115 -120
人智协同的创新生态重构:HCI范式转型
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付志勇,教授,研究方向为智能交互设计,电子信箱:

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付志勇1, 2
作者信息
  • 1清华大学美术学院信息艺术设计系,北京 100084
  • 2世界华人华侨人机交互协会,加拿大滑铁卢 N2V 2X6
Human−AI collaboration through innovation ecosystem reconfiguration: HCI paradigm transformation
Zhiyong FU1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1Department of Information Art & Design, Academy of Arts & Design, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
  • 2International Chinese Association of Computer Human Interaction, Waterloo N2V 2X6, Canada
出版时间: 2026-04-13 doi: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2025.06.00075
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随着人工智能从被动工具演进为具备自主决策与学习能力的协作主体,人机交互正经历从“人使用技术”到“人智协同”的范式转型。现有人机交互研究虽已关注协同过程,但人工智能能动性的持续增强,已将研究重心从交互界面与用户体验拓展至人智协同的组织形态与制度安排。人工智能的能动性增强使人机交互在主体结构、协作方式与系统组织上面临一系列挑战:传统“以人为唯一能动主体”的理论前提难以适应多主体动态协同,现有评价体系缺乏对协作质量与价值分配的有效衡量工具,由此导致缺乏容纳人工智能与多元主体的协同框架,缺少支持认知对齐的中介工具与可控的试验空间,局部协同经验难以制度化扩散为公共能力。基于社会技术系统理论,提出由“异质社群—激发原型—边域创新—共协网络”组成的四要素模型,揭示要素之间循环演化的动力机制,并针对科研人员、科研管理者和科技政策制定者提出差异化的行动建议,为构建包容、公平且可持续演化的人智协同体系提供理论框架与实践路径。

人智协同  /  人机交互  /  创新生态系统  /  社会技术系统  /  范式转型

As artificial intelligence evolves from a passive tool into a collaborative actor with autonomous decision−making and learning capabilities, Human−Computer Interaction (HCI) is undergoing a paradigm shift from "humans using technology" toward Human−AI Collaboration. The growing agency of AI challenges the foundational assumption of traditional HCI that humans are the sole agentive actors. However, the theoretical premise of user−centered design struggles to accommodate dynamic multi−agent collaboration, and existing evaluation frameworks lack effective instruments for assessing collaboration quality and equitable value distribution. These limitations result in the absence of collaborative frameworks for heterogeneous actors, a lack of mediating tools and controllable experimental spaces for cognitive alignment, and the difficulty of institutionalizing localized collaborative experience into public capacity. Grounded in socio−technical systems theory, this paper proposes a four−element model—Heterogeneous Communities, Provocative Prototypes, Peripheral Innovation, and Collaborative Networks—reveals the cyclic evolutionary mechanism among these elements, and provides differentiated recommendations for researchers, research managers, and policy makers, offering a theoretical framework and practical pathway for building an inclusive, equitable, and sustainably evolving Human−AI collaborative system.

human−AI collaboration  /  human−computer interaction  /  innovation ecosystem  /  socio−technical systems  /  paradigm transformation
付志勇. 人智协同的创新生态重构:HCI范式转型. 科技导报, 2026 , 44 (7) : 115 -120 . DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2025.06.00075
Zhiyong FU. Human−AI collaboration through innovation ecosystem reconfiguration: HCI paradigm transformation[J]. Science & Technology Review, 2026 , 44 (7) : 115 -120 . DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2025.06.00075
人工智能(artificial intelligence,AI)正将人机交互(human−computer interaction,HCI)从以人使用技术为中心转向与智能体共同行动。当AI具备自主决策与学习能力后,传统HCI的核心假设——人是唯一能动主体、机器是被动响应工具——已不再成立。这一变革不仅是技术层面的交互方式更新,更深刻地关乎科研组织模式、产业创新路径和社会治理体系的系统性重构。HCI的研究侧重点也从关注交互界面与用户体验,拓展到对人智协同(human−AI collaboration)的组织形态与制度安排的系统思考。由此引出核心问题:如何构建支持人智深度协作的创新生态系统?该系统应具备哪些核心要素?要素之间如何形成持续演化的动力机制?
人工智能的发展历程展现清晰的能力跃迁路径:从工具(tool)到共同操控者(co−pilot),再到自主代理(agent)。从Norman[1]对技术作为认知工具的论述,到Amershi等[2]提出的混合主导交互准则,再到Russell等[3]对智能体模型的系统定义,AI在交互中的控制边界逐步扩大。Kowalska[4]提出“AI−for/with/to humanity”三重范式:AI由“服务人的工具”(for)转为“共创伙伴”(with),并进一步成为“具社会影响的力量主体”(to),提示人智协同需要同步纳入价值与治理考量。这一角色跃迁表明,人智协同已不再是单一交互问题,而成为需要通过组织结构与生态机制加以支撑的系统性过程,并进一步引出其创新生态结构与演化机制问题。
AI角色由被动工具转向具备学习与决策能力的协同参与者,使HCI在主体结构、协作方式与系统组织形态上呈现3个新特征(图1)。其一,交互范式由“人使用工具”转向“人智协同”,AI能够理解意图、生成建议并参与决策,人机关系由单向控制转为双向协同与共同定向[5]。其二,价值创造由“人主导、AI助力”扩展为“多主体共创”,AI既可承担部分独立创造任务,也可与人类共同构成持续迭代的创新网络[6]。其三,影响范围由界面与体验层面外溢至组织运行、产业创新与社会治理,责任边界、风险控制与价值对齐等问题随之凸显[7]
现有HCI理论方法亦面临相应挑战:传统用户中心设计难以处理多主体复杂需求的动态平衡,既有框架缺乏对AI自主性与创造性的系统纳入,现行评价体系也难以有效衡量协作质量及价值分配的公平性[89]。任向实[10]提出的人机共协计算理论以“平衡守中”为关键理念,为理解人智关系提供了哲学支点,但如何将其转化为可操作的组织框架与实践路径,仍有待进一步推进。
由此可见,HCI的范式转型不仅需要交互理论与设计方法的更新,更需要相应的组织载体与制度安排。本文据此引入创新生态系统视角,将其视为人智协同得以持续发生的支撑性基础设施,而人智协同则构成生态系统运行的核心目标与价值导向。
从社会技术系统(socio−technical systems,STS)视角看,创新并非单一技术进步或个体组织行为的结果,而是由社会行动者、技术人工物、制度环境与互动关系共同构成的复杂系统在时间维度上的协同演化过程。Trist等[11]通过对煤矿生产方式变革研究首次系统揭示,技术效率提升若脱离组织结构与社会关系调整,反而可能削弱整体绩效,由此奠定社会系统与技术系统协同优化的理论基础。
在技术维度上,Bijker[12]的技术社会建构研究表明,技术形态并非中性工具,而是在不同社会群体的互动协商中持续被塑造,其演化方向深受社会解释框架影响。在环境维度上,Geels[13]提出的多层级演化模型指出,突破性创新通常在受保护的边缘场域孕育,并在制度窗口期进入主流体系实现扩散;Christensen[14]的颠覆性创新研究进一步说明,边缘市场因主流企业的“合理忽视”而成为突破性技术的孵化地。在关系维度上,Latour[15]的行动者网络理论强调,行动能力源于人类与非人类要素之间持续建构的网络连接,技术人工物同样是系统稳定与变革的重要行动者。在主体协同层面,Adner[16]通过创新生态系统结构研究阐释,多主体之间的互补对齐机制决定创新能否从局部构想转化为系统性成果。
综合上述研究,社会技术系统理论不仅为理解创新的多主体协同、技术中介作用、环境选择压力与关系网络扩散提供系统性解释框架,也为将其拓展至人智协同情境奠定坚实基础。在人工智能逐步具备自主决策与学习能力的背景下,将AI系统纳入社会技术系统的行动主体结构,并通过生态化方式组织其与人类协同演化,具有明确的理论可行性与现实适用性,为构建人智协同创新生态系统提供成熟而可扩展的分析范式。
在社会技术系统演化框架下,引入具备自主学习与决策能力的AI系统,使创新从以人类组织为中心的协作模式转向多主体共同行动的协同形态。这一转变在显著提升组合创新潜力同时,也加剧目标对齐复杂性、责任边界模糊与系统不稳定风险,使人智协同由技术应用问题上升为生态结构重构问题。基于这一系统性挑战,支持人智协同的创新生态系统需同时具备主体整合、协同对齐、试验突破与扩散稳定4类关键能力。
由此,本文将其具体化为4个核心要素,作为人智协同情境中的具体化转译:社会行动者对应“异质社群”,技术人工物对应“激发原型”,演化情境对应“边域创新”,互动关系对应“共协网络”。具体而言,Adner[16]与Latour[15]的多主体网络理论支撑“异质社群”的主体整合功能;Bijker[12]的技术社会建构为“激发原型”作为认知中介提供依据;Geels[13]与Christensen[14]的利基演化与颠覆性创新理论直接支撑 “边域创新”;Trist等[11]的社会−技术协同优化原则则为“共协网络”的制度化扩散提供组织理论基础。社会技术系统的基础维度,在人智协同语境中被转译为可干预、可演化的创新生态系统结构(图2)。
该模型将AI系统明确纳入协同行动主体,强调协同能力在多主体价值协商与持续试验迭代中生成,并突出边域在新型协作模式形成与扩散中的关键作用,从而解释人智协同如何由局部探索逐步演进为系统性共创能力。以下将引用案例对不同要素进行解释,需要注意的是,相关案例本身均体现出人智协同创新生态的系统性特征;本文只是基于分析聚焦的需要,在具体描述中突出其最具代表性的核心要素,以揭示4要素在实际运行中的不同作用方式。
在人智协同创新生态系统中,异质社群承担将人类多元经验、价值判断与AI计算能力整合为可共同行动的问题框架核心功能,是协同共创得以发生的主体基础。
斯坦福大学人本AI研究所(Stanford Institute for Human−Centered Artificial Intelligence,Stanford HAI)汇聚AI、哲学、心理学、法律、政策等多领域专家[17],异质社群的核心功能不仅是知识叠加,更是问题重构——多元主体的参与使AI发展从纯技术议题转化为社会——技术议题,将“如何提升模型性能”重构为“如何实现负责任的AI发展”。这种问题框架的转变,为后续的技术开发和制度设计提供了根本性的方向指引。
微软公司HAX工具包和OpenAI公司的基于人类反馈的强化学习(reinforcement learning from human feedback,RLHF)体系[1819]则展示了异质社群的价值协商功能。在RLHF过程中,设计师、标注者、工程师、伦理顾问通过持续对话,将多元价值观嵌入AI系统的训练过程,实现技术开发与人类价值的动态对齐。这表明“人智协同”不是一次性的系统设计问题,而是需要持续价值协商的演化过程,异质社群为这种协商提供了组织载体。异质社群的有效性在于将知识差异与价值分歧转化为可持续协商的协同基础。
在人智协同过程中,激发原型作为连接人类理解方式与AI系统行为的关键中介,使抽象协同理念转化为可感知、可讨论与可迭代的具体情境,从而推动跨主体对齐与共同行动。
Boer等[20]提出设计应成为张力物化、挑战现状与探索可能性的媒介,而非仅仅验证既定方案。Zhu等[21]进一步指出,人工制品在未来构想中具有反思性、探索性、干预性、启发性四重角色:反思性使利益相关者得以审视既有假设,探索性支持对可能性空间的系统搜索,干预性推动从概念到行动的转化,启发性则激发新的问题意识与创新方向。这四重角色恰好对应了人智协同创新生态中激发原型的核心功能——它不仅是技术验证工具,更是促进异质社群对话、推动边域创新、连接共协网络的关键节点。
ProtoAI通过将机器学习行为嵌入交互过程,使非技术背景参与者能够直观理解AI系统行为,正是激发原型四重角色的生动实践:它促使参与者反思人机关系的既有假设,探索AI协作的多种可能性,干预并改变人们对AI的理解方式,同时启发新的研究问题与设计方向[22]。激发原型的核心价值在于作为“认知界面”促进跨群体对话——当抽象的AI伦理原则被转化为可交互原型时,技术专家看到实现路径,伦理学家看到价值张力,用户看到使用场景,政策制定者看到监管挑战,从而在异质社群之间建立共同的对话基础。激发原型的有效性在于将抽象原则转化为跨主体可共同判断与修正的认知中介。
在人智协同系统中,边域创新为新型人机协作模式提供低风险试验空间,使突破性组合能够在脱离主流约束的情境中快速演化。
DeepSeek通过算法效率与系统架构的协同优化,形成了区别于“大算力堆叠”路径的替代方案,并以开放权重方式发布[23],体现了资源约束对边域创新的驱动作用。Hugging Face则从早期创业项目逐步演化为开源AI的重要协作基础设施,已成为汇聚超200万个模型的平台[24]——正如GitHub重构了软件开发的协作范式,Hugging Face正在重构AI时代的模型共享、协作与部署方式,显示出社区力量如何推动边域创新走向生态化扩展。欧盟《人工智能法案》(《AI Act》)要求成员国建立AI监管沙盒[25],则表明制度设计也可为高风险AI系统提供可控试验环境,促进创新验证与合规转化。3个案例分别展示了资源约束驱动、社区生态驱动与制度空间驱动3类边域创新机制。因此,边域创新的有效性在于以可控试验空间支持新型协同模式的生成、筛选与验证。
在人智协同创新生态中,共协网络负责将局部团队与边域实验中形成的协同经验转化为可复制、可传播的公共能力,推动协同模式的规模化扩散与制度化落地。
欧盟GenAI4EU旗舰计划通过近7亿欧元的跨项目资助机制,推动AI开发者、初创企业与战略产业部门形成跨国协作联合体,并通过AI按需平台向全欧开放共享成果[26],美国能源部AI创新生态系统连接国家实验室、高校与企业[27]。这些案例展示了共协网络的2个关键特征:开放性,通过标准化工具和开源实践降低创新成果的获取门槛;适配性,支持不同区域、文化和应用场景的在地化应用。共协网络的本质是一种知识基础设施,使创新不再是孤立事件,而是可以在网络中流动、积累和放大的公共资源。共协网络的有效性在于推动局部协同经验沉淀、扩展并转化为公共能力。
四要素通过双向反馈形成持续演化的动力。异质社群中多元主体的知识差异与价值张力构成创新的原始驱动力,这种非对称性迫使系统进行问题重构;激发原型将这种张力转化为可讨论的情境,其具象反馈促使社群更新认知、重构问题;边域创新为经原型验证的突破性方案提供隔离试验空间,在降低失败风险的同时加速迭代;共协网络将成功经验转化为可复用的公共能力,在扩散过程中吸引新参与者加入异质社群,为下一轮协同注入新的异质性和演化动能。由此形成自我强化的循环,使人智协同由局部探索逐步演进为系统性共创能力。
在人智协同成为创新主导形态的背景下,科研人员需围绕异质社群、激发原型、边域创新与共协网络4个维度协同推进研究实践。首先,应主动融入跨学科异质社群,在问题建构阶段即引入技术、社会与价值视角,使协同目标在生成之初实现多主体对齐。其次,应将原型视为协作中介而非成果展示工具,通过可交互原型促进理解共识、暴露冲突并推动共同修正。再次,应有意识进入学科边缘与非主流议题空间开展探索性试验,在低约束环境中测试新型人机协作模式。最后,应将经验方法、工具流程与数据成果开放共享,使局部创新能够通过网络持续放大与演化。
科研管理者的核心职责在于为四要素协同运行提供稳定制度支撑。其一,通过设立跨学科项目机制与协同导向评价体系,弱化单学科绩效导向,持续培育高异质度研究社群。其二,建设具备容错机制的开放实验平台,为探索性人智协作提供相对隔离的试验空间,将失败转为组织学习资源。其三,系统推动成果开放与工具化沉淀,支持方法包、数据集与流程标准化建设,使创新能力从个体与团队层面转为组织可持续资产,从而强化共协网络的扩散效率与制度稳定。
在政策层面,人智协同创新生态的关键在于形成兼顾安全与演化的治理环境。其一,应在AI监管体系中引入制度化试验空间,通过创新沙盒等机制为边域创新提供可控探索通道,避免过早抑制协作模式演化。其二,应将共协网络型基础设施作为新型公共品重点投入,支持跨机构协作平台、开放数据资源与标准接口建设,降低参与门槛并提升扩散速度。其三,应构建多主体参与的协同治理机制,将科研、产业、公众与伦理主体纳入政策共创流程,使价值对齐与责任分配随技术演化动态调整。
本文从社会技术系统演化视角出发,提出“异质社群–激发原型–边域创新–共协网络”四要素模型,系统揭示人智协同如何由多主体汇聚走向可扩散的协作能力生成过程。该模型将AI能动性、多元价值协商与生态演化机制纳入统一框架,为协作型智能系统的设计、组织与治理提供了可操作路径。面向未来,HCI将持续迈向系统协同与社会嵌入的新阶段,构建支持试验、对齐与扩散的人智协同创新生态,将成为推动人类智慧与人工智能共进化的关键基础设施。

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doi: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2025.06.00075
  • 接收时间:2025-06-17
  • 首发时间:2026-04-23
  • 出版时间:2026-04-13
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  • 收稿日期:2025-06-17
  • 修回日期:2026-03-01
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    1清华大学美术学院信息艺术设计系,北京 100084
    2世界华人华侨人机交互协会,加拿大滑铁卢 N2V 2X6
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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species
占总种数比例
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total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
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Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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