Article(id=1208356299675381973, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, issueId=1208356297246879939, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2025.06.00023, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1749139200000, receivedDateStr=2025-06-06, revisedDate=1752422400000, revisedDateStr=2025-07-14, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1766024192016, onlineDateStr=2025-12-18, pubDate=1756310400000, pubDateStr=2025-08-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1758297600000, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-09-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1766024192016, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774079869081, updator=sys-migrate, issue=Issue{id=1208356297246879939, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, year='2025', volume='43', issue='16', pageStart='1', pageEnd='144', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1756310400000', pubDateStr='2025-08-28', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1766024191437, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1774330854827, updator='13041195026', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1243196968781070575, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, issueId=1208356297246879939, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1243196968781070576, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, issueId=1208356297246879939, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=17, endPage=24, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1208356300057063645, articleId=1208356299675381973, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, language=EN, title=Exploring the evolution and development of robots from automated to autonomous to self−intelligent, columnId=1150494641880182997, journalTitle=Science & Technology Review, columnName=Commentary, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
This paper focuses on the developmental progression of robots evolving from "automation−autonomy" towards "selfhood" in technological evolution. Robots have undergone industrial automation and collaborative autonomy and are now advancing into the new generation of embodied intelligent robots characterized by a stage of "selfhood". Only with certain cognitive abilities and a sense of intelligent boundaries can robots serve humans more effectively. The connotations of automated, autonomous, and selfhood robot systems are discussed, key technologies of robot selfhood are analyzed, and the characteristics of the three different stages are compared. The journey toward robot "selfhood" still faces challenges including technical bottlenecks, pressures from ethical and social restructuring, and lagging legal frameworks. These challenges point to the evolutionary directions for the next decade. In terms of technological breakthroughs, neuro−symbolic fusion architectures are emerging; deepening application scenarios carry greater humanistic significance; the construction of embodied intelligence ecosystems is accelerating; governance mechanisms are evolving with promise; and the ultimate significance of robot selfhood lies in expanding the boundaries of intelligence. "Selfhood" is not only a technical breakthrough in robotics but also has profound implications for the future development relationship between robots and humans.
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All rights reserved. Unauthorized reproduction is prohibited., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1208356303446061352, articleId=1208356299675381973, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, language=CN, title=“自动—自主—自我”是机器人进化发展路径?, columnId=1150494642043760854, journalTitle=科技导报, columnName=科技评论, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
聚焦机器人从“自动—自主”迈向“自我”技术进化的发展历程。机器人经历了工业自动化和协作自主化,正迈向新一代具身智能机器人即“自我化”的发展阶段。只有具备一定的认知能力及智能边界感,机器人才能更有效地服务人类。探讨了自动化、自主化和自我化的机器人系统内涵,分析了机器人自我化的关键技术,对比了3个不同阶段的特征。机器人迈向“自我化”的征途仍面临技术瓶颈、伦理与社会的重构压力、法律框架的滞后等挑战。这些挑战指明了未来10年的进化方向。在技术突破层面,神经符号融合架构兴起;应用场景的深化更具人文意义;具身智能生态圈的构建正在加速;治理机制的进化令人期待;机器人自我化的终极意义在于拓展智能的边界。“自我化”不仅是机器人技术上的突破,更是对未来机器人与人类之间的发展关系具有深远影响。
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| 维度 | 自动阶段(工业机器人) | 自主阶段(协作机器人) | 自我阶段(具身智能机器人) |
| 感知机制 | 被动感知,依赖预设传感器数据 | 自主感知,环境理解与反馈,多模态融合 | 主动感知,融合内外部信息形成自我感知,跨模态语义理解 |
| 控制方式 | 规则驱动,基于固定程序执行 | 自主决策,具备一定的环境适应能力 | 自我调节,动态调整目标与行为,实现具身进化 |
| 知识更新路径 | 预设程序,人工手动更新 | 依赖知识库的更新学习 | 自我认知,基于自我反思与内省,进行自我建模 |
| 智能边界 | 封闭工作单元 | 有限开放环境,具备一定环境交互能力 | 具身认知主体,拥有自我意识和认知界限,可进行社会性协作 |
), ArticleFig(id=1242144277598380516, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356299675381973, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
“自动—自主—自我”3个阶段的典型特征对比
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| 维度 | 自动阶段(工业机器人) | 自主阶段(协作机器人) | 自我阶段(具身智能机器人) |
| 感知机制 | 被动感知,依赖预设传感器数据 | 自主感知,环境理解与反馈,多模态融合 | 主动感知,融合内外部信息形成自我感知,跨模态语义理解 |
| 控制方式 | 规则驱动,基于固定程序执行 | 自主决策,具备一定的环境适应能力 | 自我调节,动态调整目标与行为,实现具身进化 |
| 知识更新路径 | 预设程序,人工手动更新 | 依赖知识库的更新学习 | 自我认知,基于自我反思与内省,进行自我建模 |
| 智能边界 | 封闭工作单元 | 有限开放环境,具备一定环境交互能力 | 具身认知主体,拥有自我意识和认知界限,可进行社会性协作 |
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