Article(id=1276202971281101385, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, issueId=1276202956391313894, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2025.06.00017, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1748966400000, receivedDateStr=2025-06-04, revisedDate=1779033600000, revisedDateStr=2026-05-18, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1782200099058, onlineDateStr=2026-06-23, pubDate=1781280000000, pubDateStr=2026-06-13, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782200099058, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782200099058, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782200099058, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1276202956391313894, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, year='2026', volume='44', issue='11', pageStart='1', pageEnd='136', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782200095507, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782200147766, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1276203176344810276, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, issueId=1276202956391313894, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1276203176344810277, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, issueId=1276202956391313894, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=24, endPage=32, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1276202971759252043, articleId=1276202971281101385, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, language=EN, title=Recent advances in R2 retrotransposon−mediated large−fragment gene integration technology, columnId=1150494642224591153, journalTitle=Science & Technology Review, columnName=Exclusive, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Gene editing refers to the process of specifically modifying organism's genome using specific technical approaches to regulate its genetic information and phenotypic characteristics. Among them, large−fragment gene integration technology enables the accurate insertion or replacement of large exogenous DNA fragments in the organismal genome, which provides core technical support for the development of innovative therapeutic strategies against severe diseases. Starting from the historical origin of this technology, this paper systematically sorts out its developmental trajectory and analyzes the current technical bottlenecks of large−fragment gene integration technology, including exogenous DNA dependence, delivery challenges and prominent immune risks. Given that the novel large−fragment integration techniques based on R2 retrotransposons are expected to become a key solution to break through these limitations, the study further introduces the structural characteristics and retrotransposition mechanisms of R2 retrotransposons, and reviews the research advances in its structural analysis and engineering modification, and summarizes the technical breakthroughs and application prospects of R2 retrotransposon−mediated large−fragment integration tools, which provides theoretical insights and practical references for the application of R2 retrotransposon tools in gene therapy.
, correspAuthors=Wei LI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=
All rights reserved. Unauthorized reproduction is prohibited., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Yuze WANG, Bangwei MAO, Shengqiu LUO, Yangcan CHEN, Wei LI), CN=ArticleExt(id=1276202974472966739, articleId=1276202971281101385, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, language=CN, title=R2逆转座子介导的大片段基因整合技术新进展, columnId=1150494644438708440, journalTitle=科技导报, columnName=本刊专稿, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
基因编辑是通过特定技术手段,对生物体基因组的特定目标位点进行精准修饰,进而调控其遗传信息与表型特征的技术过程。其中,大片段基因整合技术可在生物体基因组中实现大片段外源DNA的精准插入或替换,为重大疾病的创新治疗方案开发提供了核心技术支撑。从该技术的历史起源切入,系统梳理其发展脉络,并剖析了当前大片段基因整合技术存在的外源 DNA 依赖、递送困难、免疫风险突出等技术瓶颈。鉴于基于R2逆转座子的新型大片段整合技术有望成为突破该瓶颈的关键技术路径,进一步介绍了R2逆转座子的结构与靶标引发逆转录(target−primed reverse transcription)的整合机制,综述了其在结构解析、工程化改造、全RNA形式的靶向整合及重编程潜力等方面的研究进展,并总结了R2逆转座子介导的大片段整合工具的技术突破,以及其在体内功能基因回补、在体生成嵌合抗原受体等应用前景,为其在基因治疗领域的应用提供理论启发与实践参考。
, correspAuthors=李伟, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
李伟(通信作者),研究员,研究方向为哺乳动物工程生物学技术平台,哺乳动物器官再生修复机制与技术,重大疾病生物治疗新方法,电子信箱:
liwei@ioz.ac.cn, copyrightStatement=
版权所有,未经授权,不得转载。, copyrightOwner=《科技导报》编辑部, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=8odTe+lG00AYRkrFAw9A7g==, magXml=mQWiepmVqLTL33Vv0x2WVg==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=9jJW85SaQ9KoEnHu8Koc+Q==, pdfFileSize=985320, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=hxi0gHFRgAHiLPFt0otC4w==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=94aEcwEpTidC2640Bm6yAQ==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=
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1中国科学院动物研究所器官再生与智造全国重点实验室,北京 100049
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1State Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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1中国科学院动物研究所器官再生与智造全国重点实验室,北京 100049
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1State Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
2University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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1中国科学院动物研究所器官再生与智造全国重点实验室,北京 100049
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2University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276202974837871194, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1276202971281101385, companyId=1276202974821093976, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
2中国科学院大学,北京 100049)]), AuthorCompany(id=1276202974909174364, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1276202971281101385, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276202974925951581, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1276202971281101385, companyId=1276202974909174364, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
3Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276202974938534494, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1276202971281101385, companyId=1276202974909174364, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
3北京干细胞与再生医学研究院,北京 100101)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1276202983457165962, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1276202971281101385, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=kdqRFdvretMpKOZfBGJ1Nw==, figureFileBig=hxi0gHFRgAHiLPFt0otC4w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276202983532663435, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1276202971281101385, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
大片段整合技术实现路径(a) 由核酸酶识别并切割目标位点,产生DSB后,通过同源重组修复途径实现外源大片段的整合。(b) 通过nCas9/RT/Bxb1整合酶融合蛋白,先在目标基因组上生成attB位点,再由Bxb1整合酶介导外源片段的位点特异性整合,全程不引入DSB。(c) R2 mRNA翻译为R2Tg蛋白后,
与RNA供体形成核糖核蛋白复合物,特异性识别28S rDNA位点,通过逆转座机制将大片段整合至该位点
, figureFileSmall=kdqRFdvretMpKOZfBGJ1Nw==, figureFileBig=hxi0gHFRgAHiLPFt0otC4w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276202983767544460, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1276202971281101385, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=GC1VUtWrcdxw7W3wLfa+Og==, figureFileBig=jVUFyNMHgiBFLiPQ6ffaXg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276202983851430541, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1276202971281101385, language=CN, label=图2, caption=
R2逆转座子的组成R2逆转座子可划分为A、B、C、D 4个进化分支,各分支均特异性插入宿主28S rDNA特定位点,其结构从5'到3'依次包含:28S rDNA上游序列、5'UTR、DNA结合区域(含ZF基序与Myb结构域)、NTE、RT结构域、内切核酸酶结构域及3'UTR。各分支的差异体现在N端ZF基序的拷贝数和排列上:A分支含3个ZF基序(ZF1、ZF2和ZF3),B分支含2个ZF基序(ZF1和ZF2),C分支含2个ZF基序(ZF1和ZF3),
D分支仅含1个ZF基序(ZF1),改绘自文献[43]
, figureFileSmall=GC1VUtWrcdxw7W3wLfa+Og==, figureFileBig=jVUFyNMHgiBFLiPQ6ffaXg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276202983939510926, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1276202971281101385, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=feUvMz3GaCJFvWNSvVVjzw==, figureFileBig=JON/ZSB21pqksXjstnXi8g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276202984035979919, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1276202971281101385, language=CN, label=图3, caption=
R2逆转座子的TPRT机制示意R2逆转座子的TPRT机制,展示了其RNA识别、逆转录合成cDNA链与分步合成的整合过程。改绘自文献[53]
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