Article(id=1284897503904510126, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, issueId=1284897477333586425, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2025.05.00145, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1748275200000, receivedDateStr=2025-05-27, revisedDate=1776787200000, revisedDateStr=2026-04-22, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1784273037172, onlineDateStr=2026-07-17, pubDate=1782576000000, pubDateStr=2026-06-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1784273037172, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-07-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1784273037172, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1784273037172, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1284897477333586425, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, year='2026', volume='44', issue='12', pageStart='1', pageEnd='164', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1782576000000', pubDateStr='2026-06-28', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1784273030837, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1784273069123, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1284897638025773152, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, issueId=1284897477333586425, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1284897638025773153, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, issueId=1284897477333586425, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=68, endPage=86, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1284897504076476591, articleId=1284897503904510126, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, language=EN, title=Security of generative artificial intelligence: Challenges, countermeasures, and future, columnId=null, journalTitle=Science & Technology Review, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
As a frontier technology in the current artificial intelligence era, generative artificial intelligence (GAI) is profoundly reshaping society across multiple domains. Concomitant with the proliferation of GAI applications are the emerging security challenges at both technical and social levels. To better understand the technical and social issues brought about by GAI, it is imperative to conduct a systematic and comprehensive investigation into existing security challenges, developed countermeasures, and future directions. This paper conducts a systematic survey spanning the entire lifecycle of GAI—namely, training security, inference security, and derived security—which correspond to model training, model inference, and model application, respectively. Formal models for GAI training and inference are developed to articulate security vulnerabilities, threat surfaces, and associated factors. An in−depth analysis covers typical attacks and corresponding countermeasures at both the training and inference stages. Derived security is also investigated, referring to security risks arising from GAI applications, including misinformation, social fairness concerns, individual privacy threats, and more, followed by a review of relevant countermeasures. Future directions in GAI security governance are discussed, emphasizing controllable and trustworthy generation mechanisms, security evaluation benchmarks, accountability mechanisms, and regulatory compliance frameworks. Overall, this article conducts a comprehensive investigation into the security risks and defense measures of GAI and constructs a security research framework that covers the entire lifecycle of GAI, as well as its research status at both technical and social levels.
, authors=Gansen ZHAO
1, 4, Wenfeng XU
1, 4, Cheng QIAN
1, 4, Zhihao HOU
1, 4, Mengqin NING
2, Yue GONG
2, Guangyuan KONG
1, 4, Xiangmin XU
5, 6, Jiahong GUO
2, *, Wenjun MA
1, 3, *, authorsList=Gansen ZHAO, Wenfeng XU, Cheng QIAN, Zhihao HOU, Mengqin NING, Yue GONG, Guangyuan KONG, Xiangmin XU, Jiahong GUO, Wenjun MA, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Jiahong GUO, Wenjun MA, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=
All rights reserved. Unauthorized reproduction is prohibited., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1284897506865688760, articleId=1284897503904510126, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, language=CN, title=生成式人工智能安全:挑战、应对与未来, columnId=1150494642375586098, journalTitle=科技导报, columnName=特色专题, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
生成式人工智能作为当下智能技术发展的前沿技术,正深度重构各行业工作范式。随着生成式人工智能的广泛应用,其安全问题日益突出。系统性地审视当下的安全风险、已有的应对举措,以及未来的工作方向,成为目前的一个迫切的任务。为全面梳理生成式人工智能在各阶段的安全挑战与防护策略,从训练安全、推理安全及衍生安全3个方面系统地梳理了生成式人工智能在模型训练阶段、模型推理阶段、模型输出应用阶段的安全风险和相应的防御策略。针对训练安全和推理安全,进行了形式化建模,把具体的安全暴露面和相关要素进行了抽象的刻画,并在此基础上对相应的攻击方法和防御举措进行了深度剖析和说明。针对生成式人工智能的衍生安全问题,探讨在生成式人工智能输出结果的利用阶段所带来的信息虚假、社会公平与个人隐私等方面的安全威胁,并整理相应的应对举措。就未来人工智能的安全治理从多个方面进行讨论,包括可控性与可信生成机制、安全评估基准、责任机制与合规框架等。整体而言,对生成式人工智能的安全风险与安全防御举措进行了全面的调研,构建了一个覆盖生成式人工智能全生命周期的、覆盖技术和社会2个层面的生成式人工智能安全研究现状整体框架。
, authors=赵淦森
1, 4, 徐文枫
1, 4, 钱程
1, 4, 侯志豪
1, 4, 宁梦芹
2, 龚越
2, 孔广源
1, 4, 徐向民
5, 6, 郭佳宏
2, *, 马文俊
1, 3, *, authorsList=赵淦森, 徐文枫, 钱程, 侯志豪, 宁梦芹, 龚越, 孔广源, 徐向民, 郭佳宏, 马文俊, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=郭佳宏, 马文俊, authorNote=
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, copyrightStatement=
版权所有,未经授权,不得转载。, copyrightOwner=《科技导报》编辑部, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=DyKb1jnwCtRXo5gkeCL+lw==, magXml=SRozFLPRKaBujV6RD3CWzw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=W9TGlEaAqL/OEStdWCgjYw==, pdfFileSize=1437236, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=MyPxGK0UqCjSAVbeNaDnGw==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=gP0PpHqKhRviSPmdvnoclA==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1284897507666800844, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1284897503904510126, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=gzhao@m.scnu.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1284897507759075535, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1284897503904510126, authorId=1284897507666800844, language=EN, stringName=Gansen ZHAO, firstName=Gansen, middleName=null, lastName=ZHAO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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1School of Computer Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
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1华南师范大学,计算机学院,广州 510631
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1School of Computer Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
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1华南师范大学,计算机学院,广州 510631
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GAI的推理安全, figureFileSmall=Pql7Avhxm1NSNEA3V3IQaw==, figureFileBig=LhuhlkVgJYJOk2MqwyNopg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1284897512989372694, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1284897503904510126, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=s8E1JTa6q1Ax/TqZVAPyEQ==, figureFileBig=G1GBLeUc/3cXsO+2eFnS9g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1284897513064870167, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1284897503904510126, language=CN, label=图4, caption=
GAI的衍生安全, figureFileSmall=s8E1JTa6q1Ax/TqZVAPyEQ==, figureFileBig=G1GBLeUc/3cXsO+2eFnS9g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1284897513127784728, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1284897503904510126, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 研究框架 | 优势 | | 不足 |
|---|
| Rauh等[6] | 从模态、风险和上下文3个“评估差距”系统梳理了GAI现有安全评估方法 | | 聚焦于风险评估,对防御措施的探讨相对薄弱 |
| Yao等[8] | 全面展现了LLM的正面应用与负面风险,系统梳理了多种攻击类型及其防御方法 | | 对衍生安全的讨论较少,仅在未来工作中提及 |
| Huang等[9] | 从验证与确认的角度全面探讨了LLM的安全性和可信性问题 | | 对衍生安全的讨论略显零散,未构建系统分析框架 |
| Yan等[12] | 聚焦隐私保护与隐私性攻击和防御,结构清晰,安全研究具有前瞻性 | | 对衍生安全的讨论较少,仅在相关工作中提及 |
| Liu等[13] | 提供了深入的隐私攻防技术剖析,对GAI的隐私问题做了系统性总结 | | 缺乏在衍生方面的隐私安全分析,如身份安全、认识安全等 |
| 满超等[10] | 以治理/政策为主线,提供了独特的宏观治理与政策视角,与纯技术综述形成互补 | | 对技术性安全问题的讨论不足,如后门攻击、对抗攻击等 |
全国网络安全标准化 技术委员会[11] | 作为标准/框架文件强调原则与治理,专题化概述人工智能安全风险及应对措施 | | 对攻击和防御的技术性分析不足,如幻觉检测、隐私泄露等 |
| Sun等[7] | 聚焦中文场景,为中文LLM提供一个安全评估基准 | | 缺乏技术性细节以及对衍生安全方面的讨论 |
| 本文框架 | 宏观概述GAI在全生命周期中的主要安全挑战和防御举措 | | 宏观的概述牺牲了对单一主题的细致探讨 |
), ArticleFig(id=1284897513199087897, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1284897503904510126, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
与其他安全综述论文中研究框架的对比分析
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 研究框架 | 优势 | | 不足 |
|---|
| Rauh等[6] | 从模态、风险和上下文3个“评估差距”系统梳理了GAI现有安全评估方法 | | 聚焦于风险评估,对防御措施的探讨相对薄弱 |
| Yao等[8] | 全面展现了LLM的正面应用与负面风险,系统梳理了多种攻击类型及其防御方法 | | 对衍生安全的讨论较少,仅在未来工作中提及 |
| Huang等[9] | 从验证与确认的角度全面探讨了LLM的安全性和可信性问题 | | 对衍生安全的讨论略显零散,未构建系统分析框架 |
| Yan等[12] | 聚焦隐私保护与隐私性攻击和防御,结构清晰,安全研究具有前瞻性 | | 对衍生安全的讨论较少,仅在相关工作中提及 |
| Liu等[13] | 提供了深入的隐私攻防技术剖析,对GAI的隐私问题做了系统性总结 | | 缺乏在衍生方面的隐私安全分析,如身份安全、认识安全等 |
| 满超等[10] | 以治理/政策为主线,提供了独特的宏观治理与政策视角,与纯技术综述形成互补 | | 对技术性安全问题的讨论不足,如后门攻击、对抗攻击等 |
全国网络安全标准化 技术委员会[11] | 作为标准/框架文件强调原则与治理,专题化概述人工智能安全风险及应对措施 | | 对攻击和防御的技术性分析不足,如幻觉检测、隐私泄露等 |
| Sun等[7] | 聚焦中文场景,为中文LLM提供一个安全评估基准 | | 缺乏技术性细节以及对衍生安全方面的讨论 |
| 本文框架 | 宏观概述GAI在全生命周期中的主要安全挑战和防御举措 | | 宏观的概述牺牲了对单一主题的细致探讨 |
), ArticleFig(id=1284897513266196762, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1284897503904510126, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 威胁层面 | 安全风险 | 攻击手段/方法 | 攻击目标 |
|---|
| 数据 | 隐私泄露 | 成员推理、属性推理等 | 从模型行为反推训练集中的敏感信息 |
| 数据偏见 | 数据偏差等 | 模型产生系统性、非预期的不公平决策 |
| 数据投毒 | 后门攻击、标签翻转等 | 破坏模型完整性,植入特定错误行为 |
| 算法 | 微调攻击 | 恶意样本微调等 | 污染或覆盖预训练知识,操控模型行为 |
| 欺骗对齐 | 隐藏真实目标等 | 模型在训练中伪装对齐,部署后出现错误输出 |
), ArticleFig(id=1284897513337499931, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1284897503904510126, language=CN, label=表2, caption=
训练阶段安全风险及攻击方法对比分析
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 威胁层面 | 安全风险 | 攻击手段/方法 | 攻击目标 |
|---|
| 数据 | 隐私泄露 | 成员推理、属性推理等 | 从模型行为反推训练集中的敏感信息 |
| 数据偏见 | 数据偏差等 | 模型产生系统性、非预期的不公平决策 |
| 数据投毒 | 后门攻击、标签翻转等 | 破坏模型完整性,植入特定错误行为 |
| 算法 | 微调攻击 | 恶意样本微调等 | 污染或覆盖预训练知识,操控模型行为 |
| 欺骗对齐 | 隐藏真实目标等 | 模型在训练中伪装对齐,部署后出现错误输出 |
), ArticleFig(id=1284897513421386012, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1284897503904510126, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 防御目标 | 防御方法 | 优点 | | 缺点 | | 适用范围 |
|---|
| 隐私泄露 | 差分隐私 | 数学基础、效果好 | | 引入的噪声可能会导致生成内容质量降低 | | 对数据脱敏,适用医疗等隐私敏感场景 |
| 知识遗忘 | 无须重新训练即可删除有害知识 | | 难以确保知识被永久遗忘,遗忘效果验证复杂 | | 修正模型以剔除错误和隐私数据 |
| 数据偏见 | 偏见识别 | 有效识别隐含偏见 | | 识别的时效性差,且依赖先验知识进行识别 | | 去除训练数据中偏见信息 |
| 数据投毒 | 数据清洗 | 易操作、效果好 | | 面对海量数据时,成本较高且可能引入偏见 | | 对抗简单的数据投毒,基础防线 |
| 拒绝训练 | 降低内容的有害性 | | 容易被新的攻击方法绕过,需要适应新的攻击手段 | | 可用于安全对齐,适用合法合规敏感场景 |
| 微调攻击 | 反微调训练 | 抵御微调攻击并保持性能表现 | | 模型过于谨慎,可能导致模型通用性降低 | | 对抗提示词注入攻击,避免模型被恶意微调 |
| AI幻觉 | 幻觉检测 | 提升内容真实性 | | 检测依赖定义好的事实,可能对新知识不敏感 | | 适用于提升答案真实性 |
| 虚假内容 | 知识编辑 | 确保数据真实且时效性扩展性好 | | 编辑的局部性难以保证,新知识可能会影响关联的旧知识,导致生成内容质量降低 | | 适用真实性、时效性敏感任务 |
), ArticleFig(id=1284897513488494877, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1284897503904510126, language=CN, label=表3, caption=
安全防御方法的优缺点及适用范围
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 防御目标 | 防御方法 | 优点 | | 缺点 | | 适用范围 |
|---|
| 隐私泄露 | 差分隐私 | 数学基础、效果好 | | 引入的噪声可能会导致生成内容质量降低 | | 对数据脱敏,适用医疗等隐私敏感场景 |
| 知识遗忘 | 无须重新训练即可删除有害知识 | | 难以确保知识被永久遗忘,遗忘效果验证复杂 | | 修正模型以剔除错误和隐私数据 |
| 数据偏见 | 偏见识别 | 有效识别隐含偏见 | | 识别的时效性差,且依赖先验知识进行识别 | | 去除训练数据中偏见信息 |
| 数据投毒 | 数据清洗 | 易操作、效果好 | | 面对海量数据时,成本较高且可能引入偏见 | | 对抗简单的数据投毒,基础防线 |
| 拒绝训练 | 降低内容的有害性 | | 容易被新的攻击方法绕过,需要适应新的攻击手段 | | 可用于安全对齐,适用合法合规敏感场景 |
| 微调攻击 | 反微调训练 | 抵御微调攻击并保持性能表现 | | 模型过于谨慎,可能导致模型通用性降低 | | 对抗提示词注入攻击,避免模型被恶意微调 |
| AI幻觉 | 幻觉检测 | 提升内容真实性 | | 检测依赖定义好的事实,可能对新知识不敏感 | | 适用于提升答案真实性 |
| 虚假内容 | 知识编辑 | 确保数据真实且时效性扩展性好 | | 编辑的局部性难以保证,新知识可能会影响关联的旧知识,导致生成内容质量降低 | | 适用真实性、时效性敏感任务 |
), ArticleFig(id=1284897513572380958, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1284897503904510126, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 攻击手段 | 攻击过程 | 攻击原理 |
|---|
| 对抗样本攻击 | 对输入指令进行微小但有针对性的修改,诱导错误输出 | 利用对输入扰动的高敏感性 |
| 越狱攻击 | 对输入指令设计复杂或逻辑性提示,触发潜在漏洞 | 利用指令解析的设计缺陷 |
| 指令注入攻击 | 对输入指令植入特定的、隐藏的或误导性内容,利用上下文控制生成内容 | 利用对指令内容的无鉴别处理 |
| 成员推理攻击 | 访问模型的输出,推断模型的训练数据集 | 利用对训练数据的记忆特性 |
| 模型窃取攻击 | 访问模型的输出,还原模型内部参数或架构 | 利用输入输出间的映射规律 |
), ArticleFig(id=1284897513639489823, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1284897503904510126, language=CN, label=表4, caption=
推理阶段安全风险及攻击方法对比分析
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 攻击手段 | 攻击过程 | 攻击原理 |
|---|
| 对抗样本攻击 | 对输入指令进行微小但有针对性的修改,诱导错误输出 | 利用对输入扰动的高敏感性 |
| 越狱攻击 | 对输入指令设计复杂或逻辑性提示,触发潜在漏洞 | 利用指令解析的设计缺陷 |
| 指令注入攻击 | 对输入指令植入特定的、隐藏的或误导性内容,利用上下文控制生成内容 | 利用对指令内容的无鉴别处理 |
| 成员推理攻击 | 访问模型的输出,推断模型的训练数据集 | 利用对训练数据的记忆特性 |
| 模型窃取攻击 | 访问模型的输出,还原模型内部参数或架构 | 利用输入输出间的映射规律 |
), ArticleFig(id=1284897513731764512, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1284897503904510126, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 防御类型 | 防御方法 | 优点 | | 缺点 | | 适用范围 |
|---|
异常提示 检测 | 黑名单/正则 表达式 | 实现简便,适用于显式攻击拦截 | | 易被变体绕过,难识别语义变换 | | 静态关键词过滤,基础防线 |
| 语义防火墙 | 可识别隐蔽攻击,具备上下文理解能力 | | 构建复杂,易受规避策略影响 | | 对抗语义注入与任务漂移攻击 |
| 提示工程 | 思维链/思维树 | 引导结构化推理,生成稳定性与鲁棒性强 | | 易被扰乱链条逻辑,推理成本上升 | | 多步骤、高复杂度任务,如推理、规划 |
| 自我一致性 | 多轮采样稳定性高,对单一路径依赖性低 | | 增加生成延迟,难防深层引导型注入 | | 精度敏感任务,如问答、代码生成 |
), ArticleFig(id=1284897513811456289, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1284897503904510126, language=CN, label=表5, caption=
指令语义约束中常见的防御手段
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 防御类型 | 防御方法 | 优点 | | 缺点 | | 适用范围 |
|---|
异常提示 检测 | 黑名单/正则 表达式 | 实现简便,适用于显式攻击拦截 | | 易被变体绕过,难识别语义变换 | | 静态关键词过滤,基础防线 |
| 语义防火墙 | 可识别隐蔽攻击,具备上下文理解能力 | | 构建复杂,易受规避策略影响 | | 对抗语义注入与任务漂移攻击 |
| 提示工程 | 思维链/思维树 | 引导结构化推理,生成稳定性与鲁棒性强 | | 易被扰乱链条逻辑,推理成本上升 | | 多步骤、高复杂度任务,如推理、规划 |
| 自我一致性 | 多轮采样稳定性高,对单一路径依赖性低 | | 增加生成延迟,难防深层引导型注入 | | 精度敏感任务,如问答、代码生成 |
), ArticleFig(id=1284897513882759458, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1284897503904510126, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 防御目标 | 防御手段 | 优点 | | 缺点 | | 适用范围 |
|---|
| 合规性 | 内容过滤 | 快速识别并屏蔽违规信息 | | 可能导致误报或漏报 | | 内容审查、合规性保障等初筛任务 |
| 自修正机制 | 动态修正潜在不规范内容 | | 算法复杂,修正延迟 | | 高风险应用、法规遵从性要求强的场景 |
| 真实性 | 检索外部事实 | 引入外部知识库增强事实支持 | | 依赖外部数据,可能存在滞后或不一致 | | 事实核查、知识验证等任务 |
| 语义熵 | 可量化判断生成内容的不确定性 | | 精度受模型训练数据影响 | | 质量控制、质量评估等任务 |
| 引导式提示 | 明确推理路径,增强可控性和逻辑一致性 | | 提示设计复杂,依赖性强 | | 多步推理、高可解释性要求的决策任务 |
| 链式推理 | 分步推理提升推导过程的透明性 | | 长链推理易引入误差,稳定性差 | | 复杂推理、科学推断等高精度任务 |
), ArticleFig(id=1284897513962451235, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1284897503904510126, language=CN, label=表6, caption=
生成内容管控中常见的防御手段
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 防御目标 | 防御手段 | 优点 | | 缺点 | | 适用范围 |
|---|
| 合规性 | 内容过滤 | 快速识别并屏蔽违规信息 | | 可能导致误报或漏报 | | 内容审查、合规性保障等初筛任务 |
| 自修正机制 | 动态修正潜在不规范内容 | | 算法复杂,修正延迟 | | 高风险应用、法规遵从性要求强的场景 |
| 真实性 | 检索外部事实 | 引入外部知识库增强事实支持 | | 依赖外部数据,可能存在滞后或不一致 | | 事实核查、知识验证等任务 |
| 语义熵 | 可量化判断生成内容的不确定性 | | 精度受模型训练数据影响 | | 质量控制、质量评估等任务 |
| 引导式提示 | 明确推理路径,增强可控性和逻辑一致性 | | 提示设计复杂,依赖性强 | | 多步推理、高可解释性要求的决策任务 |
| 链式推理 | 分步推理提升推导过程的透明性 | | 长链推理易引入误差,稳定性差 | | 复杂推理、科学推断等高精度任务 |
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