Article(id=1207358804119888768, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, issueId=1207293801786347529, articleNumber=null, orderNo=16, doi=10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2025.05.00072, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1747065600000, receivedDateStr=2025-05-13, revisedDate=1748275200000, revisedDateStr=2025-05-27, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1765786370544, onlineDateStr=2025-12-15, pubDate=1749744000000, pubDateStr=2025-06-13, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1750867200000, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-06-26, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1765786370544, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774079708258, updator=sys-migrate, issue=Issue{id=1207293801786347529, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, year='2025', volume='43', issue='11', pageStart='1', pageEnd='116', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1749744000000', pubDateStr='2025-06-13', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1765770872748, creator='system', updateTime=1774330933326, updator='13041195026', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1243197298025545972, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, issueId=1207293801786347529, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1243197298025545973, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, issueId=1207293801786347529, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=16, endPage=21, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1207358804430267274, articleId=1207358804119888768, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, language=EN, title=How can energy storage battery testing technology promote the new energy industry, columnId=1150494641880182997, journalTitle=Science & Technology Review, columnName=Commentary, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Scientific and technological innovation serve as the wellspring of human social progress and the cornerstone for the evolution of China's renewable energy technology and equipment from weakness to a strong position of global leadership. Battery energy storage functions as a "super stabilizer" for the secure renewable energy operation. Testing instruments, consequently, are the key national assets across the entire lifecycle—including research and development, production, manufacturing, and deployment—of battery energy storage and the wider renewable energy systems. This article presents a case study on battery testing technology and instruments to systematically review the evolutionary path of China's battery testing instruments from import dependency to independent technological innovation. Specifically, create an integrated testing methodology of "fast and accurate excitation-intelligent modeling and estimation" for high-voltage batteries, which fills the gap in theoretical methods in the field of battery testing; Promote the localization of high-voltage and high-power testing instruments as well as create many international top technical metrices, such as charge-discharge conversion time < 3 ms, Energy conversion efficiency 95%, which seizes the commanding heights of science and technology in the field of international battery testing. Finally, this article analyzes the coordinated development relationship between the progress of battery testing technology and China's renewable energy industry. It summarizes practical experiences and lessons learned through the independent development of testing instruments: Chinese researchers defy international technological blockades, courageously undertake formidable tasks with resolve, and adhere firmly to confidence in academia and development path. Through close alignment with key national strategies and market demand, they overcome tough challenges, integrate industry, academia, and research, accelerate the deployment of innovative technologies to the industrial front line, and achieve self-reliance and strength of battery energy storage testing instruments in science and technology.

, authors=null, authorsList=Shuai ZHANG, Wenlong DING, Bin DUAN, Chenghui ZHANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Chenghui ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=All rights reserved. Unauthorized reproduction is prohibited., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1207358805499814829, articleId=1207358804119888768, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, language=CN, title=储能电池测试技术如何推动新能源产业, columnId=1150494642043760854, journalTitle=科技导报, columnName=科技评论, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

电池储能是新能源安全运行的“超级稳定器”,测试仪器则是贯穿电池储能乃至新能源系统研发、生产、制造、应用等全生命周期的关键利器。以电池测试技术与仪器为典型案例,系统回顾中国电池测试仪器从产品进口到技术自主创新的演进之路。创建高压电池包“快速精准激励-智能建模估计”一体化测试方法体系,填补电池测试领域理论方法空白;推动高压大功率测试仪器国产化,核心技术指标国际领先(充放电转换时间 < 3 ms、能量变换效率95%),抢占了国际电池测试领域的科技制高点。剖析了测试技术促进我国新能源装备革新升级,新能源装备控制的实践反哺测试技术创新,二者相互促进,协同发展的关系,总结了中国科研人员不惧封锁,勇挑重担,坚守学术自信、道路自信;紧密围绕国家重大战略与市场需求,攻坚克难,真正做到产学研结合,快速推进创新技术走向产业一线,自主研制测试仪器的实践经验和体会。

, authors=

张帅,副研究员,研究方向为新能源系统控制,电子信箱:

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张承慧(通信作者),教授,研究方向为新能源系统控制、复杂工业系统优化控制,电子信箱:
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张帅,副研究员,研究方向为新能源系统控制,电子信箱:

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储能电池测试技术如何推动新能源产业
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张帅 1 , 丁文龙 1 , 段彬 1 , 张承慧 2, *
科技导报 | 科技评论 2025,43(11): 16-21
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储能电池测试技术如何推动新能源产业
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张帅1 , 丁文龙1, 段彬1, 张承慧2, *
作者信息
  • 1. 新能源与高效节能国家地方联合工程研究中心,济南 250061
  • 2. 山东大学控制科学与工程学院,济南 250061
通讯作者:
张承慧(通信作者),教授,研究方向为新能源系统控制、复杂工业系统优化控制,电子信箱:
How can energy storage battery testing technology promote the new energy industry
Shuai ZHANG1 , Wenlong DING1, Bin DUAN1, Chenghui ZHANG2, *
Affiliations
  • 1. National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Control of New Energy and Effective Energy Conservation Systems, Jinan 250061, China
  • 2. School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
出版时间: 2025-06-13 doi: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2025.05.00072
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电池储能是新能源安全运行的“超级稳定器”,测试仪器则是贯穿电池储能乃至新能源系统研发、生产、制造、应用等全生命周期的关键利器。以电池测试技术与仪器为典型案例,系统回顾中国电池测试仪器从产品进口到技术自主创新的演进之路。创建高压电池包“快速精准激励-智能建模估计”一体化测试方法体系,填补电池测试领域理论方法空白;推动高压大功率测试仪器国产化,核心技术指标国际领先(充放电转换时间 < 3 ms、能量变换效率95%),抢占了国际电池测试领域的科技制高点。剖析了测试技术促进我国新能源装备革新升级,新能源装备控制的实践反哺测试技术创新,二者相互促进,协同发展的关系,总结了中国科研人员不惧封锁,勇挑重担,坚守学术自信、道路自信;紧密围绕国家重大战略与市场需求,攻坚克难,真正做到产学研结合,快速推进创新技术走向产业一线,自主研制测试仪器的实践经验和体会。

新能源  /  电池储能  /  测试仪器  /  新型电力系统

Scientific and technological innovation serve as the wellspring of human social progress and the cornerstone for the evolution of China's renewable energy technology and equipment from weakness to a strong position of global leadership. Battery energy storage functions as a "super stabilizer" for the secure renewable energy operation. Testing instruments, consequently, are the key national assets across the entire lifecycle—including research and development, production, manufacturing, and deployment—of battery energy storage and the wider renewable energy systems. This article presents a case study on battery testing technology and instruments to systematically review the evolutionary path of China's battery testing instruments from import dependency to independent technological innovation. Specifically, create an integrated testing methodology of "fast and accurate excitation-intelligent modeling and estimation" for high-voltage batteries, which fills the gap in theoretical methods in the field of battery testing; Promote the localization of high-voltage and high-power testing instruments as well as create many international top technical metrices, such as charge-discharge conversion time < 3 ms, Energy conversion efficiency 95%, which seizes the commanding heights of science and technology in the field of international battery testing. Finally, this article analyzes the coordinated development relationship between the progress of battery testing technology and China's renewable energy industry. It summarizes practical experiences and lessons learned through the independent development of testing instruments: Chinese researchers defy international technological blockades, courageously undertake formidable tasks with resolve, and adhere firmly to confidence in academia and development path. Through close alignment with key national strategies and market demand, they overcome tough challenges, integrate industry, academia, and research, accelerate the deployment of innovative technologies to the industrial front line, and achieve self-reliance and strength of battery energy storage testing instruments in science and technology.

renewable energy  /  battery energy storage  /  testing instrument  /  new power system
张帅, 丁文龙, 段彬, 张承慧. 储能电池测试技术如何推动新能源产业. 科技导报, 2025 , 43 (11) : 16 -21 . DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2025.05.00072
Shuai ZHANG, Wenlong DING, Bin DUAN, Chenghui ZHANG. How can energy storage battery testing technology promote the new energy industry[J]. Science & Technology Review, 2025 , 43 (11) : 16 -21 . DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2025.05.00072
2025年3月,美国《华盛顿邮报》刊文:“在未来的绿色科技领域,中国已超越世界上包括美国在内的所有国家。” [1]毋庸置疑,中国建立了完备的新能源装备“研发—测试—生产—制造—应用”全链条体系,成为全球新能源技术及产业引领者。截至2024年,中国风光新能源新增装机量、电池出货量分别达356 GW、345.8 GWh,约占全球65%、93.5%[2],处于绝对主导地位。
回首2010年,中国新能源技术与装备被欧美垄断,如光伏并网控制装备、电能质量控制装备、储能控制装备、电池测试仪器等。以电池测试仪器为例,美国Arbin、德国Digatron、奥地利AVL等国外产品的国内市场占有率高达90% 以上,直至2018年仍不低于75%。如何突破电池测试“卡脖子”技术,是实现从跟跑向领跑转变的关键。在国家大力支持下,中国科研人员长期秉持“学科交叉、技术创新、校企协同、国际推广”攻关路线,攻克了核心元器件制造、数字化控制、一体化集成等挑战难题,取得一大批具有国际影响力的原创性成果。这不仅是科技实力赶超一流的飞跃,也是学术自信的生动彰显。目前,中国实现了新能源技术与装备从无到有、由弱变强的跨越式发展,已成为新能源技术创新最活跃、制造能力最强劲、应用场景最广泛的国家。
山东大学新能源系统控制团队自1988年即投身于中国新能源技术研究之中,成为中国最早的一批新能源“弄潮儿”,主持了国家863计划、重点研发等22项重大重点项目。历经37年,在新能源系统控制基础理论、关键技术、核心装备、工程应用等方面取得系统性突破:创建新能源非线性控制理论方法体系,提出新能源并网控制、电能质量控制、储能控制等自主核心技术,形成了“以软代硬、以变应变、以智增效”新理念,攻克新能源稳定并网、电能治理、高效利用行业难题。山东大学新能源系统控制团队通过与阳光电源、华为、比亚迪、特变电工、国家电网、南方电网、德普电气等龙头企业长期产学研合作,完成重大科技成果转让转化,研制出高性能光伏并网控制装备、大容量电能质量控制装备、储能控制装备、数智化大功率电池测试仪器等核心装备,打破国外垄断,实现大规模推广应用,为中国新能源装机历史性超越火电做出开拓性贡献。
电池储能是构建新型电力系统、实现国家能源转型的核心技术,在平抑新能源发电波动、提升并网电能质量等方面具有不可替代的作用。正如2019年诺贝尔化学奖得主吉野彰所言:锂离子电池将在未来能源革命中发挥核心作用。然而,电池储能系统结构复杂,由海量电池单元高度集成,其精密测控与安全高效利用极为困难,属于能源变换“高危”装备[3]。由于电池老化机理不明、单体不一致性显著等,储能系统极易局部过充/过放,热量累积触发链式热失控,存在重大安全隐患。例如,2021年北京大红门新能源储能电站发生重大火灾,损失惨重。国家应急管理局调查报告显示:电池内短路故障,诱发热失控扩散起火。再如,2019年美国亚利桑那McMicken储能站爆炸、2022年韩国庆尚北道储能火灾等,均与电池安全密切相关[45]。这些触目惊心的案例不断敲响警钟,该产业必须针对储能装备开展高标准严要求的系统性电池测试,筑牢储能系统安全运行的终极防线。
正如古人云:“工欲善其事,必先利其器。”测试仪器作为科技创新的基石,一直是赋能各行各业技术进步的关键利器,其精密程度与创新水平直接决定了科研深度与产业升级速度。尤其在新能源行业,电池要发展,测试必先行。这是因为只有通过测试仪器获取电池新数据,揭示电池工作新机理,发现电池老化新规律,系统掌握并科学评价电池性能,才能改进和优化电池材料配方,研发高性能电池及其管控系统,从而为大规模电池储能系统安全高效运行提供根本保障。然而,电池内部状态隐不可测,就像“隔皮猜瓜”。电池测试仪器需要利用大功率电源激励电池,并同步采集电压、电流等基础参数,进而智能建模并估计出健康状态、剩余寿命等性能参数,建立综合评价体系。电池测试仪器工作原理如图 1所示。
换言之,测评算法及软件是“大脑”,激励电源是“心脏”,数采传输是“经络”。事实上,电池测试仪器就像棱镜能把白光折射成七彩光一样,将基础参数自动转换为性能参数,为电池研发、生产、制造和应用提供科学数据支撑,被喻为电池研发的“先行官”、电池应用的“保护神”,广泛应用于电池研发机构、生产厂家、权威检测机构等。2025年其市场规模达100多亿元,预计2035年或近千亿元[6]。显然,电池测试仪器既是实现国家“双碳”战略的重大需求,也是基础研究与应用研究的必然需求。电池测试仪器的功能示意如图 2所示。
2023年,习近平总书记在中共中央政治局第三次集体学习时强调:要打好科技仪器设备等国产化攻坚战,提升国产化替代水平和应用规模,实现用中国自主的研究平台、仪器设备来解决重大基础研究问题。回首中国电池测试技术与仪器产业发展历程,大致可划分为“大量引进、模仿替代、超越引领”3个阶段。与欧洲、美国、日本等相比,中国电池测试技术起步晚,尤其是面向科学研究、质量检测等的高端电池测试仪器曾长期被外企垄断,处于被动局面。究其原因是中国电池测试核心技术被国外“卡脖子”,亟待自主创新突破。
21世纪以来,中国开始自主研发电池测试技术和仪器。发展之初,国产仪器产品仅能用于对性能要求较低的电池分容检测市场;最近10年才逐步涌现出多个优秀企业,如湖北德普、西安迅湃、北京索英、福建星云、深圳盛弘、新威尔、瑞能实业等。实际上,电池测试技术和仪器必须满足新能源高速发展的新需求,国内外仪器产品在电池测试理论技术、工程化高质量制造、检验标准规范等方面都存在明显不足。
电池测试仪器是一类典型的高压大功率信息物理融合系统,通过大功率电源对电池快速充放电激励,不仅需要精确获取、传输、存储大量测试数据,而且要求完成从数据到知识的转化。特别是,仪器整体结构复杂、工况模态多变、能量流信息流交织,其研发涉及自动化控制、电力电子、信息、电化学、软件等多学科交叉,难度极大。
以山东大学等为代表的研究机构坚持学术自信,以系统工程思维统筹全局,组建多学科交叉、产学研协同创新团队,建立健全产学研高效合理的合作机制和成果转化制度,推动创新技术成果从实验室快速走向产业。2015年,笔者承担电池测试领域第一个国家自然科学基金委员会重大仪器专项“动力电池综合测试与智能模拟仪器研制”,带领团队在国际上率先研制出具有自主知识产权的高频高效电池智能测试仪器,实现了电池测试的模式变革。因技术原创性强、产业应用潜力大,项目结题之后,被国家自然科学基金委员会定向推荐到科学技术部。经过竞争性答辩,“大功率动力电池智能精密仪器研制与产业化应用”获得2022年度国家重点研发计划“基础条件与重大科学仪器设备研发”重点专项滚动支持,2024年研究成果入选国家自然科学基金委员会资助成果巡礼,入选率仅为0.2%[7]
历时10年的持续攻关,让科技创新成果深深扎根祖国大地上:创建了电池“快速精准激励−智能建模估计”一体化测试方法体系。包括提出电池工况自适应逆重复序列激励信号、分数阶建模方法,揭示电池微观机理与宏观特征内在关联,破解电池健康状态、剩余寿命等性能参数快速精准测取国际难题,实现智能化测试;发明了大功率高频高效激励电源与快速控制技术,提出激励电源三环非线性变增益控制方法,攻克千安级激励电流快速无超调正反向切换控制难题,实现精密化测试。集成上述核心技术,团队与湖北德普电气股份有限公司、深圳市比亚迪锂电池有限公司、阳光电源股份有限公司等龙头企业长期合作,从关键技术研发、核心部件研制、仪器集成制造、产业化推广等方面协同攻关,研发了电压更高(1500 V)、功率更大(600 kW)的新一代动力电池智能精密测试仪器系列产品,完成重大科技成果转让转化,形成了坚实的产学研联盟。国产仪器关键性能指标已超越德国Digatron、美国Arbin、奥地利AVL等国际顶尖品牌产品,如相同电压、功率等级下,充放电转换时间 < 3 ms、能量变换效率95%,均为世界最高水平,而且填补了电池内部性能参数自动测取技术空白,显著缩短了测试周期,大幅提高电池迭代速度,抢占了国际电池测试领域的科技制高点。
新仪器销往全国30多个省(市),并出口美国、印度等国,广泛应用于权威检测机构、全球知名电池厂、新能源储能公司等300余家龙头企业,备受各应用场景的行业认可和赞誉,成果入选国家自然科学基金委员会“十三五”优秀成果,从22万个项目中优选188项,入选率仅为0.9‰[6],荣获2023年度国家科技进步奖二等奖。
新技术实现了电池测试领域自立自强,带动了中国电池测试仪器产业换代升级和民族品牌崛起,为中国电池技术领先世界作出了重要贡献。近年来,电池测试仪器国产化水平不断提高,已将国外品牌的国内市场占有率由过去90%以上压缩到不足10%,完成了从依赖进口到国产崛起的逆袭之路。
着眼未来,在数字化转型的时代背景下,电池测试领域“智能化、精密化、多功能化”的发展态势显著。如何将智能化、信息化与数字化深度融合,已成为从“量增”到“质变”,实现行业变革的重要力量。数智化电池测试的核心是运用大数据和人工智能等技术,通过对海量电池测试数据的采集、分析和挖掘,发现数据潜在价值,优化测试流程,减少人工干预,提升决策效率和准确性[89]
实际上,传统电池测试仪器智能化程度低,只能获取电池电压、电流等基础参数,不能直接测评电池健康状态等性能参数,尤其是寿命测试周期长,达1年左右,严重制约电池技术革新和行业发展。在电池智能精密测试仪器研发过程中,提出了基于数据模型融合的多状态智能协同估计理论,通过小样本测试并运用深度学习方法,精准预测电池性能演变规律,以估代测实现电池性能参数快速精密测取;在全球新能源领域领军企业比亚迪击败国外品牌中标,1年内采购300台,在其全球工厂部署,用于开发系列新型电池产品,显著缩短了测试周期,大幅提高电池产品迭代速度,成为比亚迪电池技术领跑全球的关键技术之一。
电池测试标准体系建设对引领行业科技进步和产业发展,提升中国电池测试技术水平和国际地位意义重大。目前,中国已建立了相对完备的电池测试标准体系,第三方检测认证机构也不断涌现,如中国电子科技集团有限公司第十八研究所、中国兵器工业集团公司201所等,保障了电池相关产业的快速健康发展。大多标准都是针对电池本身而非测试仪器的检测规范。2019年,笔者牵头起草了首个针对电池测试仪器的团体标准T/CPSS 1006《锂离子电池模组测试系统技术规范》,填补了该领域空白。
电池测试技术进步有力推动了中国新能源装备全产业链集群突破。一方面,新技术对电池产能产生了重要影响,据高工产业研究院(GGII)统计,2024年中国锂离子电池储能出货量同比增长超60%,约占全球90%;中国企业占据了全球市场前十,正主导全球锂离子电池市场格局。这将为大规模新能源接入提供稳定电网环境,辐射带动新能源并网技术变革发展[10]。另一方面,新技术成功推广至其他新能源装备中,山东大学创建了全国高校电压等级最高、容量最大、模拟工况最全的10 kV新能源并网控制装备综合试验与测试平台,为新技术研发试验、新装备测试应用提供了高水平工业级验证基地。目前,山东大学新能源系统控制核心专利技术在阳光电源、华为、比亚迪、特变电工、等行业龙头企业成功实现成果转化,合作研制性能国际领先的光伏并网控制、电能质量控制、储能控制等系列产品,应用范围覆盖全国各大区域电网,并大量远销海外。据金智创新行业研究中心《新能源控制技术与装备行业研究报告》统计,3类大容量产品国内市占率分别约为68%、65%、64%,全球市占率约为59%、54%、51%,其中光伏并网控制装备、储能控制装备出货量连续8年全球第一,开创中国新能源控制技术领跑世界新格局[1115]。新产品的广泛应用,全面提升了中国电网的新能源接纳能力,由此每年可额外消纳约1800亿度绿色电能,经济社会生态效益显著,已成为新能源控制领域国家战略科技力量的重要组成部分。
  • 国家自然科学基金委员会重大仪器专项(61527809)
  • 国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFF0712700)
  • 山东省重大科技创新工程项目(ZFJH202301)
  • 山东省重大科技创新工程项目(2024ZLGX04-1)
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doi: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2025.05.00072
  • 接收时间:2025-05-13
  • 首发时间:2025-12-15
  • 出版时间:2025-06-13
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  • 收稿日期:2025-05-13
  • 修回日期:2025-05-27
基金
国家自然科学基金委员会重大仪器专项(61527809)
国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFF0712700)
山东省重大科技创新工程项目(ZFJH202301)
山东省重大科技创新工程项目(2024ZLGX04-1)
作者信息
    1. 新能源与高效节能国家地方联合工程研究中心,济南 250061
    2. 山东大学控制科学与工程学院,济南 250061

通讯作者:

张承慧(通信作者),教授,研究方向为新能源系统控制、复杂工业系统优化控制,电子信箱:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
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Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
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Genus
种数
Number of
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Percentage of total
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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