Article(id=1273334866671288553, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, issueId=1273334825638420729, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2025.05.00057, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1746979200000, receivedDateStr=2025-05-12, revisedDate=1766073600000, revisedDateStr=2025-12-19, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1781516289632, onlineDateStr=2026-06-15, pubDate=1779897600000, pubDateStr=2026-05-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1781516289632, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-15, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1781516289632, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1781516289632, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1273334825638420729, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, year='2026', volume='44', issue='10', pageStart='1', pageEnd='164', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1781516279847, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1781519137123, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1273346810031628465, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, issueId=1273334825638420729, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1273346810031628466, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, issueId=1273334825638420729, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=31, endPage=42, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1273334867069747435, articleId=1273334866671288553, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, language=EN, title=Plant gravitropic responses and their applications in extraterrestrial colonization, columnId=1150494642224591153, journalTitle=Science & Technology Review, columnName=Exclusive, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

As the development of manned space technology, how to grow and reproduce plant under microgravity in space for long−term has become an important research topic. In addition, understanding the gravitropic response mechanism is of great significance for comprehending the nature of crops adapting the Earth's gravity environment and breeding high−yield crops for controlled ecological life support system (CELSS) in space. In recent years, as application of biology techniques in the study of plant gravitropic responses and microgravity adaptation, along with improved multi−omics platforms and simulated microgravity devices, the mechanism of gravitropism in plants has been relatively thoroughly elucidated. We summarize the key scientific issues of the recent advances in the study of gravitropic and microgravity responses, and systematically review the research progress on plants in space at physiological, gene and protein expression, cell structure, phenotypic and developmental process levels. Furthermore, we discussed and prospected the challenges and issues concerning the lack of systematic theoretical construction and resource constraints under closed cultivation modes for in-situ food production in future manned deep-space exploration.

, correspAuthors=Huiqiong ZHENG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=All rights reserved. Unauthorized reproduction is prohibited., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Boyu LUO, Lihua WANG, Junyan XIE, Huiqiong ZHENG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1273334869485666547, articleId=1273334866671288553, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, language=CN, title=植物向重性反应及其在地外定殖中的应用, columnId=1150494642375586098, journalTitle=科技导报, columnName=特色专题, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

随着载人航天技术的发展,植物能否在地球以外的空间微重力条件下长期生长与繁殖已成为本领域的重要研究课题。此外,认识向重性反应机制对于深入理解农作物适应地球重力环境的本质,以及为空间受控生命生态保障系统(controlled ecological life support system,CELSS)选育高产优质农作物都有重要意义。近年来,随着分子生物学、生理学和细胞生物技术在植物向重性反应与微重力适应性研究中的应用,以及联合多组学平台和模拟微重力装置技术的改进,植物向重性反应机制得到了较为深入的解析。围绕植物向重性反应和空间微重力植物学的核心科学问题,系统梳理空间植物的生理生化、基因与蛋白质表达、细胞结构、整体水平的表型与发育进程等方面的研究进展,并针对未来载人深空探测中粮食原位生产存在的系统理论构建和密闭培养模式下的资源受限等问题和挑战进行讨论与展望。

, correspAuthors=郑慧琼, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
郑慧琼(通信作者),研究员,研究方向为空间生物技术和植物细胞工程,电子信箱:
, copyrightStatement=版权所有,未经授权,不得转载。, copyrightOwner=《科技导报》编辑部, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=cz7CT34DQhjlNwqkhSBFjw==, magXml=fAtWgCSSIwovAVfw3URVEg==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=9zyh8ZG5StBYpwTnIUiTDw==, pdfFileSize=2068779, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=xoBIXuIFLeeZNIN7Zyp34Q==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=VPU0OhDTYDYwrEH7bk4J0g==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

骆博宇,博士研究生,研究方向为空间生物技术,电子信箱:

, authorsList=骆博宇, 王丽华, 谢俊燕, 郑慧琼)}, authors=[Author(id=1273334869858959613, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=luoboyu@cemps.ac.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1273334869942845696, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, authorId=1273334869858959613, language=EN, stringName=Boyu LUO, firstName=Boyu, middleName=null, lastName=LUO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
2University of China Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1273334870089646337, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, authorId=1273334869858959613, language=CN, stringName=骆博宇, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1中国科学院分子植物科学卓越创新中心,上海 200032
2中国科学院大学,北京 100049, bio={"content":"

骆博宇,博士研究生,研究方向为空间生物技术,电子信箱:

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

骆博宇,博士研究生,研究方向为空间生物技术,电子信箱:

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1273334869703770357, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1273334869707964662, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, companyId=1273334869703770357, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1273334869716353271, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, companyId=1273334869703770357, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1中国科学院分子植物科学卓越创新中心,上海 200032)]), AuthorCompany(id=1273334869779267832, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1273334869787656441, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, companyId=1273334869779267832, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2University of China Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1273334869796045050, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, companyId=1273334869779267832, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2中国科学院大学,北京 100049)])]), Author(id=1273334870169338115, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1273334870253224197, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, authorId=1273334870169338115, language=EN, stringName=Lihua WANG, firstName=Lihua, middleName=null, lastName=WANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1273334870555214086, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, authorId=1273334870169338115, language=CN, stringName=王丽华, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1中国科学院分子植物科学卓越创新中心,上海 200032, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1273334869703770357, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1273334869707964662, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, companyId=1273334869703770357, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1273334869716353271, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, companyId=1273334869703770357, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1中国科学院分子植物科学卓越创新中心,上海 200032)])]), Author(id=1273334870630711560, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1273334870941090058, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, authorId=1273334870630711560, language=EN, stringName=Junyan XIE, firstName=Junyan, middleName=null, lastName=XIE, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1273334871092085003, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, authorId=1273334870630711560, language=CN, stringName=谢俊燕, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1中国科学院分子植物科学卓越创新中心,上海 200032, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1273334869703770357, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1273334869707964662, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, companyId=1273334869703770357, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1273334869716353271, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, companyId=1273334869703770357, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1中国科学院分子植物科学卓越创新中心,上海 200032)])]), Author(id=1273334871347937549, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=hqzheng@cemps.ac.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1273334871436017935, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, authorId=1273334871347937549, language=EN, stringName=Huiqiong ZHENG, firstName=Huiqiong, middleName=null, lastName=ZHENG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, *, address=1Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1273334871507321104, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, authorId=1273334871347937549, language=CN, stringName=郑慧琼, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, *, address=1中国科学院分子植物科学卓越创新中心,上海 200032, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1273334869703770357, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1273334869707964662, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, companyId=1273334869703770357, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1273334869716353271, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, companyId=1273334869703770357, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1中国科学院分子植物科学卓越创新中心,上海 200032)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1273334871834476817, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=plant gravitropism), Keyword(id=1273334871914168594, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=Chinese Space Station), Keyword(id=1273334872190992659, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=microgravity), Keyword(id=1273334872350376212, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=space agriculture), Keyword(id=1273334873994543381, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, language=EN, orderNo=5, keyword=molecular mechanism), Keyword(id=1273334874074235158, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=植物向重性), Keyword(id=1273334874158121239, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=中国空间站), Keyword(id=1273334874229424408, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=微重力), Keyword(id=1273334874309116185, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=太空农业), Keyword(id=1273334874384613658, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=分子机制)], refs=[Reference(id=1273334875957477671, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2003, volume=133, issue=4, pageStart=1677, pageEnd=1690, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=Blancaflor E B, Masson P H, journalName=Plant Physiol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Blancaflor E B, Masson P H. Plant gravitropism. Unraveling the ups and downs of a complex process[J]. Plant Physiol, 2003, 133(4): 1677-1690., articleTitle=Plant gravitropism. Unraveling the ups and downs of a complex process, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334876020392232, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2009, volume=21, issue=3, pageStart=843, pageEnd=860, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=1, authorNames=Leitz G, Kang B H, Schoenwaelder M E A, journalName=The Plant Cell, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Leitz G, Kang B H, Schoenwaelder M E A, et al. Statolith sedimentation kinetics and force transduction to the cortical endoplasmic reticulum in gravity−sensing Arabidopsis columella cells[J]. The Plant Cell, 2009, 21(3): 843-860., articleTitle=Statolith sedimentation kinetics and force transduction to the cortical endoplasmic reticulum in gravity−sensing Arabidopsis columella cells, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334876091695401, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=66, issue=8, pageStart=2155, pageEnd=2165, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=2, authorNames=Sato E M, Hijazi H, Bennett M J, journalName=Journal of Experimental Botany, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Sato E M, Hijazi H, Bennett M J, et al. New insights into root gravitropic signalling[J]. Journal of Experimental Botany, 2015, 66(8): 2155-2165., articleTitle=New insights into root gravitropic signalling, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334876158804266, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1990, volume=94, issue=4, pageStart=1867, pageEnd=1873, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=3, authorNames=Kiss J Z, Sack F D, journalName=Plant Physiology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Kiss J Z, Sack F D. Severely reduced gravitropism in dark−grown hypocotyls of a starch−deficient mutant of Nicotiana sylvestris[J]. Plant Physiology, 1990, 94(4): 1867-1873., articleTitle=Severely reduced gravitropism in dark−grown hypocotyls of a starch−deficient mutant of Nicotiana sylvestris, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334876217524523, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2000, volume=122, issue=2, pageStart=453, pageEnd=462, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=4, authorNames=Vitha S, Zhao L, Sack F D, journalName=Plant Physiology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Vitha S, Zhao L, Sack F D. Interaction of root gravitropism and phototropism in Arabidopsis wild−type and starchless mutants[J]. Plant Physiology, 2000, 122(2): 453-462., articleTitle=Interaction of root gravitropism and phototropism in Arabidopsis wild−type and starchless mutants, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334876288827692, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2007, volume=94, issue=4, pageStart=590, pageEnd=598, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=5, authorNames=Vitha S, Yang M, Sack F D, journalName=American Journal of Botany, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Vitha S, Yang M, Sack F D, et al. Gravitropism in the starch excess mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana[J]. American Journal of Botany, 2007, 94(4): 590-598., articleTitle=Gravitropism in the starch excess mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334876385296685, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1996, volume=198, issue=1, pageStart=87, pageEnd=94, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=6, authorNames=Kuznetsov O A, Hasenstein K H, journalName=Planta, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Kuznetsov O A, Hasenstein K H. Intracellular magnetophoresis of amyloplasts and induction of root curvature[J]. Planta, 1996, 198(1): 87-94., articleTitle=Intracellular magnetophoresis of amyloplasts and induction of root curvature, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334876456599854, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1999, volume=96, issue=22, pageStart=12941, pageEnd=12946, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=7, authorNames=Tsugeki R, Fedoroff N V, journalName=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Tsugeki R, Fedoroff N V. Genetic ablation of root cap cells in Arabidopsis[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 1999, 96(22): 12941-12946., articleTitle=Genetic ablation of root cap cells in Arabidopsis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334876532097327, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1991, volume=104, issue=2, pageStart=103, pageEnd=109, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=8, authorNames=Sievers A, Kramer−Fischer M, Braun M, journalName=Botanica Acta, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Sievers A, Kramer−Fischer M, Braun M, et al. The polar organization of the growing Chara rhizoid and the transport of statoliths are actin−dependent[J]. Botanica Acta, 1991, 104(2): 103-109., articleTitle=The polar organization of the growing Chara rhizoid and the transport of statoliths are actin−dependent, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334876599206192, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2005, volume=139, issue=2, pageStart=1030, pageEnd=1040, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=9, authorNames=Limbach C, Hauslage J, Schfer C, journalName=Plant Physiology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Limbach C, Hauslage J, Schfer C, et al. How to activate a plant gravireceptor. Early mechanisms of gravity sensing studied in characean rhizoids during parabolic flights[J]. Plant Physiology, 2005, 139(2): 1030-1040., articleTitle=How to activate a plant gravireceptor. Early mechanisms of gravity sensing studied in characean rhizoids during parabolic flights, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334876670509361, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2001, volume=125, issue=2, pageStart=1045, pageEnd=1060, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=10, authorNames=Yoder T L, Zheng H Q, Todd P, journalName=Plant Physiology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yoder T L, Zheng H Q, Todd P, et al. Amyloplast sedimentation dynamics in maize Columella cells support a new model for the gravity−sensing apparatus of roots[J]. Plant Physiology, 2001, 125(2): 1045-1060., articleTitle=Amyloplast sedimentation dynamics in maize Columella cells support a new model for the gravity−sensing apparatus of roots, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334876737618226, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2001, volume=125, issue=1, pageStart=252, pageEnd=265, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=11, authorNames=Zheng H Q, Staehelin L A, journalName=Plant Physiology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zheng H Q, Staehelin L A. Nodal endoplasmic reticulum, a specialized form of endoplasmic reticulum found in gravity−sensing root tip Columella cells[J]. Plant Physiology, 2001, 125(1): 252-265., articleTitle=Nodal endoplasmic reticulum, a specialized form of endoplasmic reticulum found in gravity−sensing root tip Columella cells, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334876787949875, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2006, volume=229, issue=2/3/4, pageStart=163, pageEnd=174, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=12, authorNames=Kriegs B, Theisen R, Schnabl H, journalName=Protoplasma, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Kriegs B, Theisen R, Schnabl H. Inositol 1, 4, 5−trisphosphate and Ran expression during simulated and real microgravity[J]. Protoplasma, 2006, 229(2/3/4): 163-174., articleTitle=Inositol 1, 4, 5−trisphosphate and Ran expression during simulated and real microgravity, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334876850864436, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2010, volume=232, issue=5, pageStart=1263, pageEnd=1279, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=13, authorNames=Andreeva Z, Barton D, Armour W J, journalName=Planta, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Andreeva Z, Barton D, Armour W J, et al. Inhibition of phospholipase C disrupts cytoskeletal organization and gravitropic growth in Arabidopsis roots[J]. Planta, 2010, 232(5): 1263-1279., articleTitle=Inhibition of phospholipase C disrupts cytoskeletal organization and gravitropic growth in Arabidopsis roots, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334878461477173, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2006, volume=140, issue=2, pageStart=746, pageEnd=760, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=14, authorNames=Perera I Y, Hung C Y, Brady S, journalName=Plant Physiology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Perera I Y, Hung C Y, Brady S, et al. A universal role for inositol 1, 4, 5−trisphosphate−mediated signaling in plant gravitropism[J]. Plant Physiology, 2006, 140(2): 746-760., articleTitle=A universal role for inositol 1, 4, 5−trisphosphate−mediated signaling in plant gravitropism, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334878536974646, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=2014, issue=null, pageStart=834134, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=15, authorNames=Mugnai S, Pandolfi C, Masi E, journalName=BioMed Research International, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Mugnai S, Pandolfi C, Masi E, et al. Oxidative stress and NO signalling in the root apex as an early response to changes in gravity conditions[J]. BioMed Research International, 2014, 2014: 834134., articleTitle=Oxidative stress and NO signalling in the root apex as an early response to changes in gravity conditions, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334878608277815, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=186, issue=22, pageStart=4788, pageEnd=4802. e15, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=16, authorNames=Chen J Y, Yu R B, Li N, journalName=Cell, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Chen J Y, Yu R B, Li N, et al. Amyloplast sedimentation repolarizes LAZYs to achieve gravity sensing in plants[J]. Cell, 2023, 186(22): 4788−4802. e15., articleTitle=Amyloplast sedimentation repolarizes LAZYs to achieve gravity sensing in plants, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334878708941112, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=27, issue=1, pageStart=20, pageEnd=32, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=17, authorNames=Adamowski M, Friml J, journalName=The Plant Cell, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Adamowski M, Friml J. PIN−dependent auxin transport: Action, regulation, and evolution[J]. The Plant Cell, 2015, 27(1): 20-32., articleTitle=PIN−dependent auxin transport: Action, regulation, and evolution, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334878767661369, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1975, volume=74, issue=2, pageStart=163, pageEnd=172, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=18, authorNames=Raven J A, journalName=New Phytologist, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Raven J A. Transport of indoleacetic acid in plant cells in relation to pH and electrical potential gradients, and its significance for polar iaa transport[J]. New Phytologist, 1975, 74(2): 163-172., articleTitle=Transport of indoleacetic acid in plant cells in relation to pH and electrical potential gradients, and its significance for polar iaa transport, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334878826381626, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=26, issue=3, pageStart=862, pageEnd=875, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=19, authorNames=Band L R, Wells D M, Fozard J A, journalName=The Plant Cell, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Band L R, Wells D M, Fozard J A, et al. Systems analysis of auxin transport in the Arabidopsis Root apex[J]. The Plant Cell, 2014, 26(3): 862-875., articleTitle=Systems analysis of auxin transport in the Arabidopsis Root apex, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334878901879099, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=6, issue=null, pageStart=8822, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=20, authorNames=Wang H Z, Yang K Z, Zou J J, journalName=Nature Communications, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang H Z, Yang K Z, Zou J J, et al. Transcriptional regulation of PIN genes by FOUR LIPS and MYB88 during Arabidopsis root gravitropism[J]. Nature Communications, 2015, 6: 8822., articleTitle=Transcriptional regulation of PIN genes by FOUR LIPS and MYB88 during Arabidopsis root gravitropism, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334878985765180, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=45, issue=9, pageStart=1097, pageEnd=1102, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=21, authorNames=Uga Y, Sugimoto K, Ogawa S, journalName=Nature Genetics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Uga Y, Sugimoto K, Ogawa S, et al. Control of root system architecture by DEEPER ROOTING 1 increases rice yield under drought conditions[J]. Nature Genetics, 2013, 45(9): 1097-1102., articleTitle=Control of root system architecture by DEEPER ROOTING 1 increases rice yield under drought conditions, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334879065456957, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2008, volume=59, issue=null, pageStart=253, pageEnd=279, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=22, authorNames=Wang Y H, Li J Y, journalName=Annual Review of Plant Biology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang Y H, Li J Y. Molecular basis of plant architecture[J]. Annual Review of Plant Biology, 2008, 59: 253-279., articleTitle=Molecular basis of plant architecture, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334879124177214, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=83, issue=3, pageStart=528, pageEnd=536, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=23, authorNames=Zhao L, Tan L B, Zhu Z F, journalName=The Plant Journal, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhao L, Tan L B, Zhu Z F, et al. PAY1 improves plant architecture and enhances grain yield in rice[J]. The Plant Journal, 2015, 83(3): 528-536., articleTitle=PAY1 improves plant architecture and enhances grain yield in rice, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334879199674687, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1991, volume=31, issue=null, pageStart=43, pageEnd=45, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=24, authorNames=Moleshko G, yan Anton' A, Sycheyev V, journalName=USSR Space Life Science Digest, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Moleshko G, yan Anton' A, Sycheyev V, et al. The effects of space flight factors on the pigment system of one−celled algae[J]. USSR Space Life Science Digest, 1991, 31: 43-45., articleTitle=The effects of space flight factors on the pigment system of one−celled algae, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334879266783552, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1986, volume=4, issue=null, pageStart=23, pageEnd=25, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=25, authorNames=Laurinavichius R, Yaroshyus A, Marchyukaytis A, journalName=USSR Space Life Science Digest, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Laurinavichius R, Yaroshyus A, Marchyukaytis A, et al. Metabolism of pea plants grown under space flight conditions[J]. USSR Space Life Science Digest, 1986, 4: 23-25., articleTitle=Metabolism of pea plants grown under space flight conditions, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334879363252545, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1994, volume=17, issue=null, pageStart=341, pageEnd=344, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=26, authorNames=Brown C S, Piastuch W C, journalName=Plant, Cell & Environment, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Brown C S, Piastuch W C. Starch metabolism in germinating soybean cotyledons is sensitive to clinorotation and centrifugation[J]. Plant, Cell & Environment, 1994, 17: 341−344., articleTitle=Starch metabolism in germinating soybean cotyledons is sensitive to clinorotation and centrifugation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334879430361410, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1987, volume=74, issue=2, pageStart=218, pageEnd=223, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=27, authorNames=Moore R, McClelen C E, Fondren W M, journalName=American Journal of Botany, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Moore R, McClelen C E, Fondren W M, et al. Influence of microgravity on root−cap regeneration and the structure of Columella cells in Zea mays[J]. American Journal of Botany, 1987, 74(2): 218-223., articleTitle=Influence of microgravity on root−cap regeneration and the structure of Columella cells in Zea mays, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334879493275971, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2004, volume=122, issue=2, pageStart=281, pageEnd=290, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=28, authorNames=Jiao S X, Hilaire E, Paulsen A Q, journalName=Physiologia Plantarum, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Jiao S X, Hilaire E, Paulsen A Q, et al. Brassica rapa plants adapted to microgravity with reduced photosystem I and its photochemical activity[J]. Physiologia Plantarum, 2004, 122(2): 281-290., articleTitle=Brassica rapa plants adapted to microgravity with reduced photosystem I and its photochemical activity, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334879564579140, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=11, issue=null, pageStart=673, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=29, authorNames=Monje O, Richards J T, Carver J A, journalName=Frontiers in Plant Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Monje O, Richards J T, Carver J A, et al. Hardware validation of the advanced plant habitat on ISS: Canopy photosynthesis in reduced gravity[J]. Frontiers in Plant Science, 2020, 11: 673., articleTitle=Hardware validation of the advanced plant habitat on ISS: Canopy photosynthesis in reduced gravity, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334879644270917, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2003, volume=31, issue=10, pageStart=2253, pageEnd=2259, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=30, authorNames=Popova A F, journalName=Advances in Space Research, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Popova A F. Comparative characteristic of mitochondria ultrastructural organization in Chlorella cells under altered gravity conditions[J]. Advances in Space Research, 2003, 31(10): 2253-2259., articleTitle=Comparative characteristic of mitochondria ultrastructural organization in Chlorella cells under altered gravity conditions, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334879715574086, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1997, volume=203, issue=Suppl, pageStart=S42, pageEnd=S53, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=31, authorNames=Hampp R, Hoffmann E, Schnherr K, journalName=Planta, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Hampp R, Hoffmann E, Schnherr K, et al. Fusion and metabolism of plant cells as affected by microgravity[J]. Planta, 1997, 203(Suppl): S42-S53., articleTitle=Fusion and metabolism of plant cells as affected by microgravity, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334879791071559, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=27, issue=6, pageStart=387, pageEnd=401, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[33], rfOrder=32, authorNames=Zhang Y, Zheng H Q, journalName=Microgravity Science and Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang Y, Zheng H Q. Changes in plastid and mitochondria protein expression in Arabidopsis Thaliana callus on board Chinese spacecraft SZ−8[J]. Microgravity Science and Technology, 2015, 27(6): 387-401., articleTitle=Changes in plastid and mitochondria protein expression in Arabidopsis Thaliana callus on board Chinese spacecraft SZ−8, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334879866569032, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=51, issue=3, pageStart=465, pageEnd=475, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[34], rfOrder=33, authorNames=Wolff S A, Coelho L H, Zabrodina M, journalName=Advances in Space Research, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wolff S A, Coelho L H, Zabrodina M, et al. Plant mineral nutrition, gas exchange and photosynthesis in space: A review[J]. Advances in Space Research, 2013, 51(3): 465-475., articleTitle=Plant mineral nutrition, gas exchange and photosynthesis in space: A review, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334879929483593, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=241, issue=2, pageStart=475, pageEnd=488, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[35], rfOrder=34, authorNames=Zhang Y, Wang L H, Xie J Y, journalName=Planta, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang Y, Wang L H, Xie J Y, et al. Differential protein expression profiling of Arabidopsis thaliana callus under microgravity on board the Chinese SZ−8 spacecraft[J]. Planta, 2015, 241(2): 475-488., articleTitle=Differential protein expression profiling of Arabidopsis thaliana callus under microgravity on board the Chinese SZ−8 spacecraft, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334880013369674, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=36, issue=null, pageStart=138, pageEnd=146, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[36], rfOrder=35, authorNames=Yamazaki C, Yamazaki T, Kojima M, journalName=Life Sciences in Space Research, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yamazaki C, Yamazaki T, Kojima M, et al. Comprehensive analyses of plant hormones in etiolated pea and maize seedlings grown under microgravity conditions in space: Relevance to the International Space Station experiment "Auxin Transport"[J]. Life Sciences in Space Research, 2023, 36: 138-146., articleTitle=Comprehensive analyses of plant hormones in etiolated pea and maize seedlings grown under microgravity conditions in space: Relevance to the International Space Station experiment "Auxin Transport", refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334880076284235, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=102, issue=1, pageStart=21, pageEnd=35, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[37], rfOrder=36, authorNames=Kwon T, Sparks J A, Nakashima J, journalName=American Journal of Botany, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Kwon T, Sparks J A, Nakashima J, et al. Transcriptional response of Arabidopsis seedlings during spaceflight reveals peroxidase and cell wall remodeling genes associated with root hair development[J]. American Journal of Botany, 2015, 102(1): 21-35., articleTitle=Transcriptional response of Arabidopsis seedlings during spaceflight reveals peroxidase and cell wall remodeling genes associated with root hair development, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334880151781708, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=5, issue=null, pageStart=563, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[38], rfOrder=37, authorNames=Vandenbrink J P, Kiss J Z, Herranz R, journalName=Frontiers in Plant Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Vandenbrink J P, Kiss J Z, Herranz R, et al. Light and gravity signals synergize in modulating plant development[J]. Frontiers in Plant Science, 2014, 5: 563., articleTitle=Light and gravity signals synergize in modulating plant development, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334880210501965, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=23, issue=1, pageStart=63, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[39], rfOrder=38, authorNames=Xie J Y, Wang L H, Zheng H Q, journalName=International Journal of Molecular Sciences, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Xie J Y, Wang L H, Zheng H Q. Molecular basis to integrate microgravity signals into the photoperiodic flowering pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana under spaceflight condition[J]. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2022, 23(1): 63., articleTitle=Molecular basis to integrate microgravity signals into the photoperiodic flowering pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana under spaceflight condition, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334880273416526, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=8, issue=1, pageStart=6424, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[40], rfOrder=39, authorNames=Kamal K Y, Herranz R, van Loon J J W A, journalName=Scientific Reports, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Kamal K Y, Herranz R, van Loon J J W A, et al. Simulated microgravity, Mars gravity, and 2g hypergravity affect cell cycle regulation, ribosome biogenesis, and epigenetics in Arabidopsis cell cultures[J]. Scientific Reports, 2018, 8(1): 6424., articleTitle=Simulated microgravity, Mars gravity, and 2g hypergravity affect cell cycle regulation, ribosome biogenesis, and epigenetics in Arabidopsis cell cultures, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334880344719695, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=12, issue=1, pageStart=40, pageEnd=56, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[41], rfOrder=40, authorNames=Paul A L, Zupanska A K, Ostrow D T, journalName=Astrobiology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Paul A L, Zupanska A K, Ostrow D T, et al. Spaceflight transcriptomes: Unique responses to a novel environment[J]. Astrobiology, 2012, 12(1): 40-56., articleTitle=Spaceflight transcriptomes: Unique responses to a novel environment, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334880407634256, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1984, volume=54, issue=Suppl 3, pageStart=33, pageEnd=48, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[42], rfOrder=41, authorNames=Cowles J R, Scheld H W, Lemay R, journalName=Annals of Botany, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Cowles J R, Scheld H W, Lemay R, et al. Growth and lignification in seedlings exposed to eight days of microgravity[J]. Annals of Botany, 1984, 54(Suppl 3): 33-48., articleTitle=Growth and lignification in seedlings exposed to eight days of microgravity, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334880487326033, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2001, volume=57, issue=6, pageStart=835, pageEnd=846, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[43], rfOrder=42, authorNames=Levine L H, Heyenga A G, Levine H G, journalName=Phytochemistry, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Levine L H, Heyenga A G, Levine H G, et al. Cell−wall architecture and lignin composition of wheat developed in a microgravity environment[J]. Phytochemistry, 2001, 57(6): 835-846., articleTitle=Cell−wall architecture and lignin composition of wheat developed in a microgravity environment, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334880558629202, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2002, volume=43, issue=9, pageStart=1067, pageEnd=1071, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[44], rfOrder=43, authorNames=Hoson T, Soga K, Mori R, journalName=Plant & Cell Physiology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Hoson T, Soga K, Mori R, et al. Stimulation of elongation growth and cell wall loosening in rice coleoptiles under microgravity conditions in space[J]. Plant & Cell Physiology, 2002, 43(9): 1067-1071., articleTitle=Stimulation of elongation growth and cell wall loosening in rice coleoptiles under microgravity conditions in space, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334880638320979, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=4, issue=1, pageStart=44, pageEnd=62, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[45], rfOrder=44, authorNames=Jost A K, Hoson T, Iversen T H, journalName=Plants, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Jost A K, Hoson T, Iversen T H. The utilization of plant facilities on the international space station−the composition, growth, and development of plant cell walls under microgravity conditions[J]. Plants, 2015, 4(1): 44-62., articleTitle=The utilization of plant facilities on the international space station−the composition, growth, and development of plant cell walls under microgravity conditions, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334880705429844, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2009, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=34, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[46], rfOrder=45, authorNames=Molas M L, Kiss J Z, journalName=Advances in Botanical Research, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Molas M L, Kiss J Z. Phototropism and gravitropism in plants[J]. Advances in Botanical Research. 2009: 1−34., articleTitle=Phototropism and gravitropism in plants, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334880772538709, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=100, issue=1, pageStart=143, pageEnd=152, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[47], rfOrder=46, authorNames=Blancaflor E B, journalName=American Journal of Botany, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Blancaflor E B. Regulation of plant gravity sensing and signaling by the actin cytoskeleton[J]. American Journal of Botany, 2013, 100(1): 143-152., articleTitle=Regulation of plant gravity sensing and signaling by the actin cytoskeleton, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334880835453270, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2010, volume=61, issue=null, pageStart=705, pageEnd=720, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[48], rfOrder=47, authorNames=Morita M T, journalName=Annual Review of Plant Biology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Morita M T. Directional gravity sensing in gravitropism[J]. Annual Review of Plant Biology, 2010, 61: 705-720., articleTitle=Directional gravity sensing in gravitropism, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334880898367831, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=16, issue=Suppl 1, pageStart=142, pageEnd=150, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[49], rfOrder=48, authorNames=Nakashima J, Liao F, Sparks J A, journalName=Plant Biology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Nakashima J, Liao F, Sparks J A, et al. The actin cytoskeleton is a suppressor of the endogenous skewing behaviour of Arabidopsis primary roots in microgravity[J]. Plant Biology, 2014, 16(Suppl 1): 142-150., articleTitle=The actin cytoskeleton is a suppressor of the endogenous skewing behaviour of Arabidopsis primary roots in microgravity, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334880965476696, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=162, issue=1, pageStart=135, pageEnd=144, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[50], rfOrder=49, authorNames=Soga K, Yamazaki C, Kamada M, journalName=Physiologia Plantarum, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Soga K, Yamazaki C, Kamada M, et al. Modification of growth anisotropy and cortical microtubule dynamics in Arabidopsis hypocotyls grown under microgravity conditions in space[J]. Physiologia Plantarum, 2018, 162(1): 135-144., articleTitle=Modification of growth anisotropy and cortical microtubule dynamics in Arabidopsis hypocotyls grown under microgravity conditions in space, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334881028391257, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=171, issue=null, pageStart=191, pageEnd=200, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[51], rfOrder=50, authorNames=Shymanovich T, Vandenbrink J P, Herranz R, journalName=Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Shymanovich T, Vandenbrink J P, Herranz R, et al. Spaceflight studies identify a gene encoding an intermediate filament involved in tropism pathways[J]. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 2022, 171: 191-200., articleTitle=Spaceflight studies identify a gene encoding an intermediate filament involved in tropism pathways, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334881108083034, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2010, volume=167, issue=3, pageStart=184, pageEnd=193, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[52], rfOrder=51, authorNames=Matía I, González−Camacho F, Herranz R, journalName=Journal of Plant Physiology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Matía I, González−Camacho F, Herranz R, et al. Plant cell proliferation and growth are altered by microgravity conditions in spaceflight[J]. Journal of Plant Physiology, 2010, 167(3): 184-193., articleTitle=Plant cell proliferation and growth are altered by microgravity conditions in spaceflight, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334881170997595, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2009, volume=230, issue=6, pageStart=1129, pageEnd=1140, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[53], rfOrder=52, authorNames=Sieberer B J, Kieft H, Franssen−Verheijen T, journalName=Planta, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Sieberer B J, Kieft H, Franssen−Verheijen T, et al. Cell proliferation, cell shape, and microtubule and cellulose microfibril organization of tobacco BY−2 cells are not altered by exposure to near weightlessness in space[J]. Planta, 2009, 230(6): 1129-1140., articleTitle=Cell proliferation, cell shape, and microtubule and cellulose microfibril organization of tobacco BY−2 cells are not altered by exposure to near weightlessness in space, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334881246495068, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=20, issue=3, pageStart=e0315285, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[54], rfOrder=53, authorNames=Huang P, Piatkowski B T, Cherukuri Y, journalName=PLoS One, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Huang P, Piatkowski B T, Cherukuri Y, et al. Impact of spaceflight on gene expression in cultured human mesenchymal stem/stromal cells[J]. PLoS One, 2025, 20(3): e0315285., articleTitle=Impact of spaceflight on gene expression in cultured human mesenchymal stem/stromal cells, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334881317798237, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=144, issue=null, pageStart=97, pageEnd=102, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[55], rfOrder=54, authorNames=Shen Y Z, Guo S S, Zhao P S, journalName=Acta Astronautica, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Shen Y Z, Guo S S, Zhao P S, et al. Research on lettuce growth technology onboard Chinese Tiangong II Spacelab[J]. Acta Astronautica, 2018, 144: 97-102., articleTitle=Research on lettuce growth technology onboard Chinese Tiangong II Spacelab, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334882957771102, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2005, volume=36, issue=7, pageStart=1237, pageEnd=1243, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[56], rfOrder=55, authorNames=Levine H G, Piastuch W C, journalName=Advances in Space Research, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Levine H G, Piastuch W C. Growth patterns for etiolated soybeans germinated under spaceflight conditions[J]. Advances in Space Research, 2005, 36(7): 1237-1243., articleTitle=Growth patterns for etiolated soybeans germinated under spaceflight conditions, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334883033268575, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2003, volume=31, issue=10, pageStart=2261, pageEnd=2268, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[57], rfOrder=56, authorNames=Levine H G, Anderson K, Boody A, journalName=Advances in Space Research, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Levine H G, Anderson K, Boody A, et al. Germination and elongation of flax in microgravity[J]. Advances in Space Research, 2003, 31(10): 2261-2268., articleTitle=Germination and elongation of flax in microgravity, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334883121348960, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2007, volume=19, issue=5, pageStart=118, pageEnd=121, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[58], rfOrder=57, authorNames=Colla G, Battistelli A, Proietti S, journalName=Microgravity Science and Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Colla G, Battistelli A, Proietti S, et al. Rocket seedling production on the international space station: Growth and nutritional properties[J]. Microgravity Science and Technology, 2007, 19(5): 118-121., articleTitle=Rocket seedling production on the international space station: Growth and nutritional properties, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334883205235041, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2008, volume=20, issue=2, pageStart=137, pageEnd=143, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[59], rfOrder=58, authorNames=Zheng H Q, Wei N, Chen A D, journalName=Microgravity Science and Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zheng H Q, Wei N, Chen A D, et al. Live imaging technique for studies of growth and development of Chinese cabbage under microgravity in a recoverable satellite (SJ−8)[J]. Microgravity Science and Technology, 2008, 20(2): 137-143., articleTitle=Live imaging technique for studies of growth and development of Chinese cabbage under microgravity in a recoverable satellite (SJ−8), refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334883284926818, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=10, issue=3, pageStart=26, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[60], rfOrder=59, authorNames=Wu Y Y, Xie J Y, Wang L H, journalName=Life, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wu Y Y, Xie J Y, Wang L H, et al. Circumnutation and growth of inflorescence stems of Arabidopsis thaliana in response to microgravity under different photoperiod conditions[J]. Life, 2020, 10(3): 26., articleTitle=Circumnutation and growth of inflorescence stems of Arabidopsis thaliana in response to microgravity under different photoperiod conditions, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334883360424291, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1983, volume=271, issue=null, pageStart=509, pageEnd=512, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[61], rfOrder=60, authorNames=Merkies A I, journalName=Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Merkies A I. Complete cycle of individual development of Arabidopsis thaliana Heynh plants at Salyut orbital station[J]. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR, 1983, 271: 509-512., articleTitle=Complete cycle of individual development of Arabidopsis thaliana Heynh plants at Salyut orbital station, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334883431727460, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2000, volume=85, issue=6, pageStart=851, pageEnd=859, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[62], rfOrder=61, authorNames=Kuang A, Xiao Y, McClure G, journalName=Annals of Botany, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Kuang A, Xiao Y, McClure G, et al. Influence of microgravity on ultrastructure and storage reserves in seeds of Brassica rapa L[J]. Annals of Botany, 2000, 85(6): 851-859., articleTitle=Influence of microgravity on ultrastructure and storage reserves in seeds of Brassica rapa L, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334883507224933, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2000, volume=156, issue=4, pageStart=522, pageEnd=529, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[63], rfOrder=62, authorNames=Levinskikh M A, Sychev V N, Derendyaeva T A, journalName=Journal of Plant Physiology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Levinskikh M A, Sychev V N, Derendyaeva T A, et al. Analysis of the spaceflight effects on growth and development of Super Dwarf wheat grown on the Space Station Mir[J]. Journal of Plant Physiology, 2000, 156(4): 522-529., articleTitle=Analysis of the spaceflight effects on growth and development of Super Dwarf wheat grown on the Space Station Mir, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334883578528102, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=9, issue=4, pageStart=81, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[64], rfOrder=63, authorNames=Baranova E N, Levinskikh M A, Gulevich A A, journalName=Life, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Baranova E N, Levinskikh M A, Gulevich A A. Wheat space odyssey: "from seed to seed". kernel morphology[J]. Life, 2019, 9(4): 81., articleTitle=Wheat space odyssey: "from seed to seed". kernel morphology, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334883662414183, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2007, volume=21, issue=3, pageStart=62, pageEnd=66, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[65], rfOrder=64, authorNames=Kamada M, Omori K, Nishitani K, journalName=Biological Sciences in Space, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Kamada M, Omori K, Nishitani K, et al. JAXA space plant research on the ISS with European modular cultivation system[J]. Biological Sciences in Space, 2007, 21(3): 62-66., articleTitle=JAXA space plant research on the ISS with European modular cultivation system, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334883725328744, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=133, issue=4, pageStart=571, pageEnd=585, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[66], rfOrder=65, authorNames=Karahara I, Suto T, Yamaguchi T, journalName=Journal of Plant Research, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Karahara I, Suto T, Yamaguchi T, et al. Vegetative and reproductive growth of Arabidopsis under microgravity conditions in space[J]. Journal of Plant Research, 2020, 133(4): 571-585., articleTitle=Vegetative and reproductive growth of Arabidopsis under microgravity conditions in space, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334883788243305, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=14, issue=10, pageStart=866, pageEnd=875, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[67], rfOrder=66, authorNames=Link B M, Busse J S, Stankovic B, journalName=Astrobiology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Link B M, Busse J S, Stankovic B. Seed−to−seed−to−seed growth and development of Arabidopsis in microgravity[J]. Astrobiology, 2014, 14(10): 866-875., articleTitle=Seed−to−seed−to−seed growth and development of Arabidopsis in microgravity, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334883855352170, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2003, volume=31, issue=10, pageStart=2237, pageEnd=2243, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[68], rfOrder=67, authorNames=Link B M, Durst S J, Zhou W, journalName=Advances in Space Research, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Link B M, Durst S J, Zhou W, et al. Seed−to−seed growth of Arabidopsis thaliana on the international space station[J]. Advances in Space Research, 2003, 31(10): 2237-2243., articleTitle=Seed−to−seed growth of Arabidopsis thaliana on the international space station, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334883922461035, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2008, volume=28, issue=1, pageStart=80, pageEnd=86, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[69], rfOrder=68, authorNames=郑慧琼, 魏宁, 陈爱地, journalName=空间科学学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=郑慧琼, 魏宁, 陈爱地, . 空间飞行与回转器回旋条件下青菜开花与花粉发育的研究[J]. 空间科学学报, 2008, 28(1): 80-86., articleTitle=空间飞行与回转器回旋条件下青菜开花与花粉发育的研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334884010541420, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=36, issue=4, pageStart=562, pageEnd=565, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[70], rfOrder=69, authorNames=王丽华, 谢俊燕, 张岳, journalName=空间科学学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王丽华, 谢俊燕, 张岳, . 空间培养箱中实时观察GFP标记开花基因表达方法与技术[J]. 空间科学学报, 2016, 36(4): 562-565., articleTitle=空间培养箱中实时观察GFP标记开花基因表达方法与技术, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334884065067373, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=9, issue=null, pageStart=813246, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[71], rfOrder=70, authorNames=Wang L H, Xie J Y, Mou C H, journalName=Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang L H, Xie J Y, Mou C H, et al. Transcriptomic analysis of the interaction between FLOWERING LOCUS T induction and photoperiodic signaling in response to spaceflight[J]. Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, 2022, 9: 813246., articleTitle=Transcriptomic analysis of the interaction between FLOWERING LOCUS T induction and photoperiodic signaling in response to spaceflight, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334884132176238, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=42, issue=null, pageStart=47, pageEnd=52, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[72], rfOrder=71, authorNames=Jia C X, Zheng W B, Liu F W, journalName=Life Sciences in Space Research, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Jia C X, Zheng W B, Liu F W, et al. Biological culture module for plant research from seed−to−seed on the Chinese Space Station[J]. Life Sciences in Space Research, 2024, 42: 47-52., articleTitle=Biological culture module for plant research from seed−to−seed on the Chinese Space Station, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334884203479407, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1984, volume=4, issue=10, pageStart=55, pageEnd=63, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[73], rfOrder=72, authorNames=Merkys A J, Laurinavičius R S, Švegždiene D V, journalName=Advances in Space Research, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Merkys A J, Laurinavičius R S, Švegždiene D V. Plant growth, development and embryogenesis during Salyut−7 flight[J]. Advances in Space Research, 1984, 4(10): 55-63., articleTitle=Plant growth, development and embryogenesis during Salyut−7 flight, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334884283171184, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1997, volume=11, issue=null, pageStart=14, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[74], rfOrder=73, authorNames=Strickland D, Campbell W, Salisbury F, journalName=Gravitational and Space Biology Bulletin, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Strickland D, Campbell W, Salisbury F, et al. Morphological assessment of reproductive structures of wheat grown on Mir[J]. Gravitational and Space Biology Bulletin, 1997, 11: 14., articleTitle=Morphological assessment of reproductive structures of wheat grown on Mir, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334884346085745, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=16, issue=Suppl 1, pageStart=31, pageEnd=38, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[75], rfOrder=74, authorNames=De Micco V, Pascale De S, Paradiso R, journalName=Plant Biology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=De Micco V, Pascale De S, Paradiso R, et al. Microgravity effects on different stages of higher plant life cycle and completion of the seed−to−seed cycle[J]. Plant Biology, 2014, 16(Suppl 1): 31-38., articleTitle=Microgravity effects on different stages of higher plant life cycle and completion of the seed−to−seed cycle, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334884404806002, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1996, volume=198, issue=4, pageStart=588, pageEnd=594, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[76], rfOrder=75, authorNames=Kuang A X, Musgrave M E, Matthews S W, journalName=Planta, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Kuang A X, Musgrave M E, Matthews S W. Modification of reproductive development in Arabidopsis thaliana under spaceflight conditions[J]. Planta, 1996, 198(4): 588-594., articleTitle=Modification of reproductive development in Arabidopsis thaliana under spaceflight conditions, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334884476109171, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2000, volume=210, issue=3, pageStart=400, pageEnd=406, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[77], rfOrder=76, authorNames=Musgrave M E, Kuang A, Xiao Y, journalName=Planta, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Musgrave M E, Kuang A, Xiao Y, et al. Gravity independence of seed−to−seed cycling in Brassica rapa[J]. Planta, 2000, 210(3): 400-406., articleTitle=Gravity independence of seed−to−seed cycling in Brassica rapa, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334884547412340, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=36, issue=10, pageStart=3944, pageEnd=3973, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[78], rfOrder=77, authorNames=Croce R, Carmo−Silva E, Cho Y B, journalName=Plant Cell, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Croce R, Carmo−Silva E, Cho Y B, et al. Perspectives on improving photosynthesis to increase crop yield[J]. Plant Cell, 2024, 36(10): 3944-3973., articleTitle=Perspectives on improving photosynthesis to increase crop yield, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334884614521205, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2007, volume=60, issue=4/5/6/7, pageStart=426, pageEnd=432, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[79], rfOrder=78, authorNames=Sychev V N, Levinskikh M A, Gostimsky S A, journalName=Acta Astronautica, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Sychev V N, Levinskikh M A, Gostimsky S A, et al. Spaceflight effects on consecutive generations of peas grown onboard the Russian segment of the International Space Station[J]. Acta Astronautica, 2007, 60(4/5/6/7): 426-432., articleTitle=Spaceflight effects on consecutive generations of peas grown onboard the Russian segment of the International Space Station, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334884673241462, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2006, volume=224, issue=5, pageStart=1038, pageEnd=1049, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[80], rfOrder=79, authorNames=Stutte G W, Monje O, Hatfield R D, journalName=Planta, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Stutte G W, Monje O, Hatfield R D, et al. Microgravity effects on leaf morphology, cell structure, carbon metabolism and mRNA expression of dwarf wheat[J]. Planta, 2006, 224(5): 1038-1049., articleTitle=Microgravity effects on leaf morphology, cell structure, carbon metabolism and mRNA expression of dwarf wheat, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334884736156023, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=189, pageEnd=204, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[81], rfOrder=80, authorNames=Zheng H Q, Wang L H, Xie J Y, journalName=Life Science in Space: Experiments on Board the SJ−10 Recoverable Satellite, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zheng H Q, Wang L H, Xie J Y. Life Science in Space: Experiments on Board the SJ−10 Recoverable Satellite[M]. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019: 189-204., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334884803264888, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=13, issue=3, pageStart=626, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[82], rfOrder=81, authorNames=Su S H, Levine H G, Masson P H, journalName=Life, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Su S H, Levine H G, Masson P H. Brachypodium distachyon seedlings display accession−specific morphological and transcriptomic responses to the microgravity environment of the International Space Station[J]. Life, 2023, 13(3): 626., articleTitle=Brachypodium distachyon seedlings display accession−specific morphological and transcriptomic responses to the microgravity environment of the International Space Station, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334884882956665, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=11, issue=1, pageStart=52, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[83], rfOrder=82, authorNames=Xie J Y, Zhu J C, Wang L H, journalName=npj Microgravity, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Xie J Y, Zhu J C, Wang L H, et al. Potential regulatory modules to integrate microgravity signals into flowering pathways in Arabidopsis thaliana grown in space[J]. npj Microgravity, 2025, 11(1): 52., articleTitle=Potential regulatory modules to integrate microgravity signals into flowering pathways in Arabidopsis thaliana grown in space, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334884941676922, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=17, issue=3, pageStart=457, pageEnd=461, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[84], rfOrder=83, authorNames=Blankenship R E, Chen M, journalName=Current Opinion in Chemical Biology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Blankenship R E, Chen M. Spectral expansion and antenna reduction can enhance photosynthesis for energy production[J]. Current Opinion in Chemical Biology, 2013, 17(3): 457-461., articleTitle=Spectral expansion and antenna reduction can enhance photosynthesis for energy production, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334885004591483, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=377, issue=6608, pageStart=851, pageEnd=854, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[85], rfOrder=84, authorNames=Souza De A P, Burgess S J, Doran L, journalName=Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Souza De A P, Burgess S J, Doran L, et al. Soybean photosynthesis and crop yield are improved by accelerating recovery from photoprotection[J]. Science, 2022, 377(6608): 851-854., articleTitle=Soybean photosynthesis and crop yield are improved by accelerating recovery from photoprotection, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334885063311740, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=293, issue=1, pageStart=18, pageEnd=27, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[86], rfOrder=85, authorNames=Wilson R H, Avila Martin− E, Conlan C, journalName=The Journal of Biological Chemistry, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wilson R H, Avila Martin− E, Conlan C, et al. An improved Escherichia coli screen for Rubisco identifies a protein−protein interface that can enhance CO2−fixation kinetics[J]. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2018, 293(1): 18-27., articleTitle=An improved Escherichia coli screen for Rubisco identifies a protein−protein interface that can enhance CO2−fixation kinetics, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334885138809213, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=32, issue=12, pageStart=R634, pageEnd=R639, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[87], rfOrder=86, authorNames=He Z H, Webster S, He S Y, journalName=Current Biology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=He Z H, Webster S, He S Y. Growth–defense trade−offs in plants[J]. Current Biology, 2022, 32(12): R634-R639., articleTitle=Growth–defense trade−offs in plants, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334885201723774, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=29, issue=4, pageStart=666, pageEnd=680, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[88], rfOrder=87, authorNames=Karasov T L, Chae E, Herman J J, journalName=The Plant Cell, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Karasov T L, Chae E, Herman J J, et al. Mechanisms to mitigate the trade−off between growth and defense[J]. The Plant Cell, 2017, 29(4): 666-680., articleTitle=Mechanisms to mitigate the trade−off between growth and defense, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334885289804159, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=22, issue=12, pageStart=1069, pageEnd=1079, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[89], rfOrder=88, authorNames=Ning Y S, Liu W D, Wang G L, journalName=Trends in Plant Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ning Y S, Liu W D, Wang G L. Balancing immunity and yield in crop plants[J]. Trends in Plant Science, 2017, 22(12): 1069-1079., articleTitle=Balancing immunity and yield in crop plants, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1273334875676459299, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, awardId=YYWT−0801−EXP−02, language=CN, fundingSource=中国空间站工程空间应用系统项目(YYWT−0801−EXP−02), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1273334875747762468, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, awardId=SM1−0057, language=CN, fundingSource=中国空间站工程空间应用系统项目(SM1−0057), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1273334875806482725, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, awardId=32271277, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金面上项目(32271277), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1273334875869397286, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, awardId=32471283, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金面上项目(32471283), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1273334869703770357, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1273334869707964662, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, companyId=1273334869703770357, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1273334869716353271, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, companyId=1273334869703770357, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1中国科学院分子植物科学卓越创新中心,上海 200032)]), AuthorCompany(id=1273334869779267832, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1273334869787656441, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, companyId=1273334869779267832, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2University of China Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1273334869796045050, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, companyId=1273334869779267832, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2中国科学院大学,北京 100049)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1273334874770489627, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=WfCWDlmI28979ehD6ceSZg==, figureFileBig=xoBIXuIFLeeZNIN7Zyp34Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1273334874862764316, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, language=CN, label=图1, caption=植物向重性反应可能的作用机理

(a) 横置的拟南芥幼苗根和下胚轴的向重性弯曲生长反应;(b) 根的向重性反应过程中淀粉体沿重力方向沉淀和生长素在根上下两侧不对称分布情况(绿色箭头指向生长素向下极性运输,红色生长素向茎方向运输),右下角图为根冠柱细胞中淀粉体沿重力方向沉淀的示意;(c)、(d)分别显示向重性反应正常的野生型(WT)和向重性反应缺失突变(pin2)拟南芥幼苗根的生长方向;(e) 向重性反应信号转导过程的可能调控途径示意

, figureFileSmall=WfCWDlmI28979ehD6ceSZg==, figureFileBig=xoBIXuIFLeeZNIN7Zyp34Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1273334875231863069, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=y1hUW8JKsJm350i0ZzlE1w==, figureFileBig=aYHC5ftj4kVk8Lm23NopyQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1273334875303166238, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, language=CN, label=图2, caption=微重力对植物营养生长阶段影响的研究结果总结示意, figureFileSmall=y1hUW8JKsJm350i0ZzlE1w==, figureFileBig=aYHC5ftj4kVk8Lm23NopyQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1273334875357692191, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=ei7N6fU+U1MPNi9Ylrkx9A==, figureFileBig=5XzceXiKA0w8B/eucd8tpQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1273334875428995360, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, language=CN, label=图3, caption=空间微重力条件下水稻和拟南芥植株的形态变化

地面(a) 与中国空间站微重力(b) 条件下萌发后19 d水稻幼苗形态;地面(c) 和天宫二号空间(d) 拟南芥抽薹开花期(萌发后40 d);

(e) 种子成熟期地面和天宫二号拟南芥植株的形态

, figureFileSmall=ei7N6fU+U1MPNi9Ylrkx9A==, figureFileBig=5XzceXiKA0w8B/eucd8tpQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1273334875491909921, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品名称培养装置飞行器时间及周期研究内容与结果参考文献
拟南芥Phyton−3 培养箱“礼炮7号”空间站1982年(69 d) 完成“从种子到种子”全生命周期发育,获得成熟果荚,少量种子[61]
油菜Greenhouse 3
培养系统
“和平号”空间站1997年(144 d) 完成“从种子到种子”全生命周期发育,获得成熟果荚,但是种子变小,淀粉含量增加,蛋白质和油脂下降[77]
拟南芥ADVASC培养箱国际空间站2002年(134 d) 完成“从种子到种子”全生命周期发育,获得91粒种子,20%未能开花[6768]
矮化豌豆Lada培养箱国际空间站2003年(368 d) 完成“从种子到种子”再到种子[79]
超矮小麦Greenhouse I
培养系统
“和平号”空间站1995年(76 d) 由于照明系统故障,未能完成抽穗,实验失败[74]
超矮小麦Greenhouse II
培养系统
“和平号”空间站1995年(130 d) 植物达到生殖发育,收获280个麦穗,但是没有结种子,主要原因是花粉败育或没有释放[63]
超矮小麦BPS培养箱国际空间站2001年(196 d) 获得了微重力条件下光合作用与代谢数据,没有收到种子[80]
青菜高等植物培养实践八号2006年(22 d) 在空间完成开花,但是花瓣不能完全展开,花药不能完全开裂,传粉不能有效进行[59]
拟南芥PEU培养箱国际空间站2009年(62 d) “从种子到种子”,植物生长矮小,收获少量种子[66]
超矮小麦Lada培养箱国际空间站2011年(90 d) 完成了“从种子到种子”,收获到有活力的种子[64]
拟南芥高等植物培养箱实践十号2016年(13 d) 开展长日照与短日照光周期条件下开花基因FT表达与开花诱导研究[71, 81]
拟南芥高等植物培养箱天宫二号2016—2017年(583 d) 完成长日照和短日照光周期条件下“从种子到种子”。空间植物点头运动节律变慢,开花延迟,开花基因FT表达受到抑制[39, 71]
二穗短柄草APEX生长单元国际空间站2018年(33 d) 单子叶植物对空间飞行的适应性研究[82]
拟南芥通用生物培养箱中国空间站2022年(120 d) 光周期开花途径的关键基因突变体gico、ft,和过表达COFT转基因植株开花时间与野生型比较,获得微重力调控开花时间转录组数据[83]
水稻通用生物培养箱中国空间站2022年(120 d) “从种子到种子”,并成功通过再生稻获得种子。种子可溶性糖含量增加,稻壳不能闭合,空间叶片夹角变大,吐水增加[72]
), ArticleFig(id=1273334875571601698, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334866671288553, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

研究空间植物开花和种子发育的飞行实验

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品名称培养装置飞行器时间及周期研究内容与结果参考文献
拟南芥Phyton−3 培养箱“礼炮7号”空间站1982年(69 d) 完成“从种子到种子”全生命周期发育,获得成熟果荚,少量种子[61]
油菜Greenhouse 3
培养系统
“和平号”空间站1997年(144 d) 完成“从种子到种子”全生命周期发育,获得成熟果荚,但是种子变小,淀粉含量增加,蛋白质和油脂下降[77]
拟南芥ADVASC培养箱国际空间站2002年(134 d) 完成“从种子到种子”全生命周期发育,获得91粒种子,20%未能开花[6768]
矮化豌豆Lada培养箱国际空间站2003年(368 d) 完成“从种子到种子”再到种子[79]
超矮小麦Greenhouse I
培养系统
“和平号”空间站1995年(76 d) 由于照明系统故障,未能完成抽穗,实验失败[74]
超矮小麦Greenhouse II
培养系统
“和平号”空间站1995年(130 d) 植物达到生殖发育,收获280个麦穗,但是没有结种子,主要原因是花粉败育或没有释放[63]
超矮小麦BPS培养箱国际空间站2001年(196 d) 获得了微重力条件下光合作用与代谢数据,没有收到种子[80]
青菜高等植物培养实践八号2006年(22 d) 在空间完成开花,但是花瓣不能完全展开,花药不能完全开裂,传粉不能有效进行[59]
拟南芥PEU培养箱国际空间站2009年(62 d) “从种子到种子”,植物生长矮小,收获少量种子[66]
超矮小麦Lada培养箱国际空间站2011年(90 d) 完成了“从种子到种子”,收获到有活力的种子[64]
拟南芥高等植物培养箱实践十号2016年(13 d) 开展长日照与短日照光周期条件下开花基因FT表达与开花诱导研究[71, 81]
拟南芥高等植物培养箱天宫二号2016—2017年(583 d) 完成长日照和短日照光周期条件下“从种子到种子”。空间植物点头运动节律变慢,开花延迟,开花基因FT表达受到抑制[39, 71]
二穗短柄草APEX生长单元国际空间站2018年(33 d) 单子叶植物对空间飞行的适应性研究[82]
拟南芥通用生物培养箱中国空间站2022年(120 d) 光周期开花途径的关键基因突变体gico、ft,和过表达COFT转基因植株开花时间与野生型比较,获得微重力调控开花时间转录组数据[83]
水稻通用生物培养箱中国空间站2022年(120 d) “从种子到种子”,并成功通过再生稻获得种子。种子可溶性糖含量增加,稻壳不能闭合,空间叶片夹角变大,吐水增加[72]
)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1125356956822126595, delFlag=0, nameCn=科技导报, nameEn=Science & Technology Review, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=1000-7857, eissn=, cn=11-1421/N, coden=null, periodic=3, language=CN, oaType=0, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=aEuqdCNQUjPEKa3rm5A/8Q==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=Sci Technol Rev, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=null, updatedTime=1754267492363, createdBy=null, updatedBy=13701087609, firstLetterCn=S, firstLetterEn=S, subjectCode=Natural Sciences, subjectName=自然科学, subjectCodeEn=Natural Sciences, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=aEuqdCNQUjPEKa3rm5A/8Q==, picEn=4AIQ9/oc3H8lvjeELJ6WWw==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1159045127382855686, language=CN, name=科技导报, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=中国科学技术协会, sponsoredBy=中国科学技术协会, publishedBy=科技导报社, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=http://www.kjdb.org/CN/home, createdTime=1754267492385, updatedTime=1754267492385, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=http://www.kjdb.org/CN/column/column7.shtml, submissionAuthorUrl=https://kjdbauthor.cast.org.cn/webm, submissionEditorUrl=https://kjdbeditor.cast.org.cn/webm/, submissionReviewUrl=https://kjdbauthor.cast.org.cn/webm, submissionCeEditorUrl=https://kjdbeditor.cast.org.cn/webm/, submissionAeEditorUrl=https://kjdbeditor.cast.org.cn/webm/, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1159045127433187335, language=EN, name=Science & Technology Review, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=http://www.kjdb.org/EN/home, createdTime=1754267492398, updatedTime=1754267492398, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=http://www.kjdb.org/EN/column/column7.shtml, submissionAuthorUrl=https://kjdbauthor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, submissionEditorUrl=https://kjdbeditor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, submissionReviewUrl=https://kjdbauthor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, submissionCeEditorUrl=https://kjdbeditor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, submissionAeEditorUrl=https://kjdbeditor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1146031591421210625, websiteList=[Website(id=1146104741081231361, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1146031591421210625, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN, language=CN, createTime=1751182263881, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1751778001962, updateBy=18614031015, name=科技导报, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=科技导报, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1148021146403992296, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1146104741081231361, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1751639170504, updateTime=1751639170504, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1148021146378826469, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1146104741081231361, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1751639170498, updateTime=1751639170498, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1148021146366243556, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1146104741081231361, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic?fileId=9GHSf7eGlIPH0Tv/OOdstA==, createTime=1751639170495, updateTime=1751639170495, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1148021146395603687, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1146104741081231361, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic, createTime=1751639170502, updateTime=1751639170502, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1148021146387215078, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1146104741081231361, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1751639170500, updateTime=1751639170500, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1146105254833139715, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1146031591421210625, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/EN, language=EN, createTime=1751182386363, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1753500121937, updateBy=18614031015, name=科技导报, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Science & Technology Review, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1155838567709528217, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1146105254833139715, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1753502988984, updateTime=1753502988984, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155838567692750998, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1146105254833139715, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1753502988980, updateTime=1753502988980, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155838567688556693, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1146105254833139715, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/EN/file/pic?fileId=9GHSf7eGlIPH0Tv/OOdstA==, createTime=1753502988979, updateTime=1753502988979, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155838567705333912, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1146105254833139715, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/EN/file/pic, createTime=1753502988983, updateTime=1753502988983, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155838567701139607, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1146105254833139715, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1753502988982, updateTime=1753502988982, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=科技导报, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=null, iacademicId=null, status=0, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Science & Technology Review, journalPhotoCn=aEuqdCNQUjPEKa3rm5A/8Q==, journalPhotoEn=4AIQ9/oc3H8lvjeELJ6WWw==, journalFirstLetter=S, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=1, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=0.91, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=null, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2025.05.00057, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/EN/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2025.05.00057, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/PDF/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2025.05.00057, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/EN/PDF/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2025.05.00057, aliStartDate=null, aliEndDate=null, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
植物向重性反应及其在地外定殖中的应用
收藏切换
PDF下载
骆博宇 1, 2 , 王丽华 1 , 谢俊燕 1 , 郑慧琼 1, *
科技导报 | 特色专题 2026,44(10): 31-42
收起
收藏切换
科技导报 | 特色专题 2026, 44(10): 31-42
植物向重性反应及其在地外定殖中的应用
全屏
骆博宇1, 2 , 王丽华1, 谢俊燕1, 郑慧琼1, *
作者信息
  • 1中国科学院分子植物科学卓越创新中心,上海 200032
  • 2中国科学院大学,北京 100049
  • 骆博宇,博士研究生,研究方向为空间生物技术,电子信箱:

通讯作者:

郑慧琼(通信作者),研究员,研究方向为空间生物技术和植物细胞工程,电子信箱:
Plant gravitropic responses and their applications in extraterrestrial colonization
Boyu LUO1, 2 , Lihua WANG1, Junyan XIE1, Huiqiong ZHENG1, *
Affiliations
  • 1Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
  • 2University of China Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
出版时间: 2026-05-28 doi: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2025.05.00057
文章导航
收藏切换

随着载人航天技术的发展,植物能否在地球以外的空间微重力条件下长期生长与繁殖已成为本领域的重要研究课题。此外,认识向重性反应机制对于深入理解农作物适应地球重力环境的本质,以及为空间受控生命生态保障系统(controlled ecological life support system,CELSS)选育高产优质农作物都有重要意义。近年来,随着分子生物学、生理学和细胞生物技术在植物向重性反应与微重力适应性研究中的应用,以及联合多组学平台和模拟微重力装置技术的改进,植物向重性反应机制得到了较为深入的解析。围绕植物向重性反应和空间微重力植物学的核心科学问题,系统梳理空间植物的生理生化、基因与蛋白质表达、细胞结构、整体水平的表型与发育进程等方面的研究进展,并针对未来载人深空探测中粮食原位生产存在的系统理论构建和密闭培养模式下的资源受限等问题和挑战进行讨论与展望。

植物向重性  /  中国空间站  /  微重力  /  太空农业  /  分子机制

As the development of manned space technology, how to grow and reproduce plant under microgravity in space for long−term has become an important research topic. In addition, understanding the gravitropic response mechanism is of great significance for comprehending the nature of crops adapting the Earth's gravity environment and breeding high−yield crops for controlled ecological life support system (CELSS) in space. In recent years, as application of biology techniques in the study of plant gravitropic responses and microgravity adaptation, along with improved multi−omics platforms and simulated microgravity devices, the mechanism of gravitropism in plants has been relatively thoroughly elucidated. We summarize the key scientific issues of the recent advances in the study of gravitropic and microgravity responses, and systematically review the research progress on plants in space at physiological, gene and protein expression, cell structure, phenotypic and developmental process levels. Furthermore, we discussed and prospected the challenges and issues concerning the lack of systematic theoretical construction and resource constraints under closed cultivation modes for in-situ food production in future manned deep-space exploration.

plant gravitropism  /  Chinese Space Station  /  microgravity  /  space agriculture  /  molecular mechanism
骆博宇, 王丽华, 谢俊燕, 郑慧琼. 植物向重性反应及其在地外定殖中的应用. 科技导报, 2026 , 44 (10) : 31 -42 . DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2025.05.00057
Boyu LUO, Lihua WANG, Junyan XIE, Huiqiong ZHENG. Plant gravitropic responses and their applications in extraterrestrial colonization[J]. Science & Technology Review, 2026 , 44 (10) : 31 -42 . DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2025.05.00057
“留意那些奇迹,根向下生长,茎向上攀升,无人真正明白为何如此,亦不知其所以然。”这虽是朴素自然现象的文学化表达,却表现了植物在地球重力环境下进化过程的适应性反应——向重性反应。植物的向重性反应决定了植物的形态建成、生长发育、代谢水平和遗传调控等植物生命过程的本质特征。高等植物根的正向重性使其能够充分吸收土壤中的水分和矿质营养,而茎的负向重性使茎叶能够充分接受光照,有效地进行光合作用,是植物生长发育过程中不可缺少的反应机制。因此,解析重力在植物生命活动过程中作用本质不仅具有重要的科学意义,同时,对于空间生命生态支持系统的构建、农作物的株型改造和土壤中水肥的有效利用等均具有重要意义。
高等植物向重性反应信号途径可分为感知、转导、传导和弯曲生长反应4个连续的阶段[13]。关于植物向重性反应的作用机制有多种解释假说,其中“淀粉−平衡石”假说和“生长素”假说得到了大量的实验数据支持。“淀粉−平衡石”假说认为高等植物根冠柱细胞和茎内皮层细胞内的淀粉体(含淀粉颗粒的质体)可作为重力传感器。由于柱细胞中淀粉体的密度为1.5 g/cm3,而其周围细胞质的密度为1.02~1.10 g/cm3,因此,重力刺激首先引起柱细胞中淀粉体沿重力方向沉降至细胞新的物理学底部,从而触发信号传导和生长素的不对称分布,导致器官两侧不对称伸长弯曲并最终沿着重力方向生长(图1(a)、(b))。关于淀粉体作为植物细胞的重力感受器的观点已被很多实验证据所支持,例如,拟南芥淀粉缺失突变体(如pgm−1)因无法合成淀粉,根冠柱细胞中的淀粉体不能有效地沿着重力方向沉淀,其根向重性反应显著延迟[45]。相反,拟南芥sex1突变体影响了淀粉降解酶的活性,导致淀粉体中积累更多的淀粉,形成较大的淀粉体,其根对重力更为敏感[6]。此外,强磁场也可驱动柱细胞中淀粉体移动,从而导致根尖的定向弯曲[7],而利用激光定点切除柱细胞中的淀粉体,根会失去向重性反应[8]
关于淀粉体在柱细胞内沉降转导为生物化学信号,从而引起根的弯曲生长反应的作用机制有2个模型。第1个模型认为淀粉体沉淀对于细胞骨架或细胞膜产生了压力,激活了柱细胞质膜上机械敏感型离子通道(如Ca2+通道)[9]。第2个模型认为在淀粉体的表面存在着重力感知配体。当淀粉体表面接触到柱细胞一侧的细胞膜(内质网或质膜)上的重力受体时,产生相互作用,从而发生信号转导[10]。然而,到目前为止,这2个模型都没有获得充分的分子水平证据支持。一些研究结果显示,淀粉体沉淀过程中可能会扰动肌动蛋白骨架网络、挤压内质网或激活质膜机械敏感通道传递信号[1112],但重力受体目前仍不明确。Ca2+、1,4,5−三磷酸肌醇(inositol 1,4,5−trisphosphate,IP3)和甘油磷脂(glycerophospholipids,GPs)信号被认为在重力转导中可能起到重要的作用[13]。拟南芥中肌醇三磷酸酶过表达或IP3合成抑制均导致向重性异常[1415]。这些信号传递快速高效,如IP3在10 s内升高,Ca2+信号在90 s达峰,最终均导致生长素不对称分布。此外,活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)、H2O2和NO也被认为参与了植物根尖重力信号感知和响应过程[16],最终通过第二信使信号分子环磷酸鸟苷(cyclic guanosine monophosphate,cGMP)和钙调素,调控基因和蛋白质表达以及蛋白质磷酸化修饰来最终调控根两侧细胞不对称伸长生长(图1(e))。尽管到目前为止,仍然没有鉴定到植物的重力信号感知受体,但已有最新研究深入解析了植物重力信号转导的分子机制,发现淀粉体表面的叶绿体外膜转运子(translocon on the outer chloroplst membrane,TOC)可携带LAZY蛋白沉降,并在细胞质膜上形成极性分布,从而调控根的向重性反应[17]。相信随着不断探索,植物向重性研究领域的谜题终会得以解答。
生长素的极性运输是向重性反应的核心执行机制。其分布由输入载体AUX1/LAX(auxin resistant 1/like AUX1)家族和输出载体PIN(pin−formed auxin exporter)蛋白家族共同调控。PIN1、PIN3、PIN4和PIN7介导生长素向根尖运输,而PIN2在外周组织中将生长素从根冠向伸长区运输[18]。拟南芥的pin2突变体根表现为向重性反应缺失(图1(c)、(d))。生长素在酸性质外体(pH~5.6)中质子化后可通过扩散进入细胞,而在胞内中性环境下,生长素呈离子形式需依赖载体外排[19]。在感知到重力信号后,生长素就会在响应的器官两侧产生浓度差,其可达2倍以上[20],这种不对称分布导致植物器官两侧细胞生长速率的差异,也就是根的向地弯曲和茎背地弯曲生长的直接原因(图1(b))。
植物的向重性还与其他向性生长,例如向光性、向触性和向水性等相互作用,调控植物的地上部分茎的形态和地下部分根的形态。主根与侧根的向重性反应决定了两者之间的夹角及根系在土壤中的分布[21],影响植物从土壤中获得水分与矿质营养的能力[22];向重性反应调控的主茎与侧枝之间的夹角决定了株型[23];向重性反应还影响细胞壁的发育,与植物的抗倒伏能力有关[24]
综上所述,从淀粉体感知重力到生长素不对称分布,再到器官的向重性生长反应全过程,构成了植物适应重力定向生长的精密调控网络。然而,目前关于植物学的基本知识和理论都是在地面环境中形成的,在地面上1g重力几乎是一个恒定的环境因素,因此,人类对于地外空间重力变化是如何影响植物生长发育的认识仍然十分有限。利用空间飞行器和空间站将植物带入太空,引入变化的重力,无疑将加强我们对向重性本质的理解,并有助于厘清向重性反应与其他向性反应之间的关联性与各自的规律,揭示重力作用于植物生命活动过程的本质。
在太空环境(空间环境)中,重力不再是一个恒定量的环境因子,而是一个变量,例如在地外星体如月球和火星表面分别为(1/6)g和(1/3)g的低重力,而在土星表面却是超重力(约1.25g)。植物是在地球1g重力环境中经过亿万年进化而来,其生长发育、形态结构、代谢和遗传机制都是与1g重力相适应的。那么,地球植物在太空中能否生存?太空微重力对植物生长发育有什么影响?植物能否在空间完成繁殖,产生新一代种子?植物对太空微重力影响的适应性的反应机制是什么?回答这些问题是当前空间植物学的主要内容。
早期植物学研究大多是短期空间飞行实验(少于20 d),主要聚焦种子萌发和幼苗生长方面研究。结果表明微重力对植物幼苗生长阶段有多方面的影响,如形态、生长运动、代谢、基因和蛋白表达(图2)。进入空间站阶段后,空间植物学获得了更多长期在轨实验的机会,植物的生殖生长,包括开花、传粉和种子发育,尤其“从种子到种子”全生命周期的研究取得了突破性的进展。概括起来,空间植物研究内容可分为生理生化、基因和蛋白质表达、细胞生长与分裂和表型4个层次。
植物的生理生化作用主要包括光合作用、呼吸作用、养分和激素的运输和合成等多方面。这些作用相互协同,共同维持了植物的生命活动和生长发育。光合作用是植物将无机物转化为有机物的一系列复杂的化学过程,为植物的生长发育奠定了物质和能量基础。其主要是通过叶绿素吸收光能将水分解为氧气和氢离子,氢离子可用于合成三磷酸腺苷(adenosine triphosphate,ATP)和还原型辅酶Ⅱ(nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate,NADPH),进一步将CO2转化为葡萄糖等有机物质。有研究发现微重力环境会导致叶绿素和胡萝卜素含量改变[25]。生长在微重力环境中的植物往往表现为碳饥饿和缺氧症状,导致光合作用效率下降,叶片和根中淀粉含量下降[2628]。在空间站生长15 d的油菜叶肉细胞和叶绿体数目增加,并且类囊体基质、淀粉粒和脂蛋白球体也相应地增加,而基粒数目、光系统I(photosystem Ⅰ,PSⅠ)和光系统Ⅱ(photosystem Ⅱ,PSⅡ)捕光天线蛋白却明显下降[2930]。呼吸作用为植物提供了生命活动的绝大多数能量,并为体内其他化合物的合成提供底物。在空间环境中,往往由于重力和温度的改变,植物线粒体的结构和功能以及与细胞呼吸相关的酶类都会受到影响。有研究表明,空间线粒体基质的电子密度和基粒发育良好,但是整体表现为肿胀变大状态[31],这种变大的线粒体被认为可以提供更多能量来抵御微重力的胁迫[32]。对微重力条件下质体和线粒体的蛋白质组分析发现,微重力条件下发生改变的质体和线粒体的蛋白质主要涉及抗氧化胁迫和代谢途径[33]。在空间微重力环境中空气的对流改变,影响到气体在植物体内的扩散,以及水分和营养物质的吸收[3435]
密闭和相对不流通的气体环境将导致乙烯含量的大量累积,从而抑制植物的生长。此外,豌豆幼苗在空间微重力条件下的生长素极性运输减弱,内源生长素水平下调而细胞分裂素数目增加,可能是微重力条件下幼苗表现为随机生长的原因。玉米幼苗在微重力条件下也表现生长素极性运输减弱,但是内源生长素的水平却明显高于地面对照[36]。此外,微重力还可能影响植物根系从土壤中吸收矿质营养。
微重力对于植物生长发育的影响包括与其他环境因素的复合作用,除了重力大小及方向的变化外,还包括与温度、湿度、光照、辐射和气体对流等环境因素的改变。例如,微重力条件下空气对流降低,导致二氧化碳浓度、湿度和乙烯浓度的升高,从而同时影响光合作用、呼吸作用、物质运输和合成等过程,导致植物生长发育受到抑制。因此,在研究微重力环境对植物生理生化过程的影响时,应综合考虑变量的叠加对植物产生的复杂作用。
近20年来,随着分子生物学研究技术的进步,特别是转录组和蛋白质组技术广泛用于空间微重力对植物基因表达和蛋白质合成影响研究,包括空间根毛和侧根发育、开花时间调控、叶片水分输运、生物节律和光信号途径等[3739]。此外,微重力引起细胞壁合成和修饰、氧化胁迫响应、非生物胁迫、植物激素、糖合成与代谢、核糖体生物再生和植物防御发育等生物学过程相关基因转录组表达变化的研究也有广泛的报道[4041]
植物对微重力响应在转录水平已得到较全面和深入的认识,但是研究对象主要是模式植物,更多的植物种类,尤其粮食作物的研究仍然缺乏。另外,大多数空间植物研究实验数据都是来自短期的空间植物幼苗生长实验,而与开花调控和种子发育以及亲子代遗传调控相关较长时间的空间实验数据还较少,需要加强研究来认识植物对长期空间微重力或低重力的适应性机制。这些研究结果将为以植物为基础的空间生物再生生命支持系统的构建提供理论支持。
自1970年以来,关于空间或地面模拟微重力对于植物细胞器在结构和功能方面作用已有大量的研究,包括细胞膜脂过氧化、细胞壁成分与结构、细胞骨架排列和聚合等在微重力条件下显著改变。
1) 细胞壁。细胞壁是支撑植物体抵抗重力主要结构,而重力也可以通过增加细胞壁的成分积累,如多糖基质的聚合来提升细胞的硬度,进一步调控植物的生长发育。微重力下细胞壁木质素显著下降。早期的空间飞行实验表明,7 d的绿豆和燕麦幼苗木质素显著下降[42],但是空间生长的小麦幼苗的木质素含量却与地面没有差异[43]。空间生长的松树幼苗木质素含量显著下降,主要与微重力降低了苯丙氨酸解氨酶和过氧化物酶活性有关。此外,空间飞行水稻的胚芽鞘和根,以及拟南芥下胚轴的细胞壁纤维素和多糖的含量也显著下降,并导致空间细胞壁变薄[44]。空间生长豌豆幼苗细胞壁纤维素含量下降约54%,而半纤维含量却有所增加[26]。空间原生质体发育表明微重力抑制细胞壁的再生[45]
2) 细胞骨架。植物细胞的周质微管是植物形态塑造的关键调控因素,因为微管的排列方向决定了细胞的伸展方向。微丝细胞骨架在植物的向重性和向光性反应中的作用已有广泛的报道[4648]。对在轨固定返回的甜三叶草根冠柱细胞进行电子显微镜观察发现微重力并不影响微管的稳定性。通过对比空间生长的拟南芥微丝突变体(act2−3)和野生型根的细胞结构,发现突变体根的细胞壁的形成受到了严重干扰,证明正常微丝细胞骨架可以部分缓解微重力对于根生长的影响[49]。利用绿色荧光蛋白(green fluorescent protein,GFP)标记微管的转基因拟南芥显示在微重力条件下微管呈横向排列的比例显著高于地面对照[50]。重力影响微管结合蛋白基因表达,如微管结合蛋白65−1(microtubule−associated protein 65−1,MAP65−1)、γ−微管蛋白复合体(γ−tubulin ring complex,γ−TuRC)和微管剪切蛋白(katanin)来调控周质微管在细胞内的排列方向[50]。此外,最近有研究发现一种编码中间纤维蛋白的基因NFL(neuronfilament light protein)参与调控微重力条件下植物的向性生长反应[51]
3) 细胞周期。在地面上,细胞的分裂与伸长是调控幼苗生长发育的关键环节。这2个生物学过程在微重力环境下受到了不同程度的影响,例如,模拟微重力影响拟南芥幼苗细胞周期,G2期明显缩短,导致细胞分裂加速,形成数目较多的短细胞[52]。微管骨架和细胞壁是植物细胞生长和分裂的关键,也决定了细胞最后形状。在空间培养的烟草BY−2细胞的周质微管密度、细胞壁微纤丝的排列、细胞繁殖和细胞的形状均未受到影响[53]。空间培养原生质体细胞壁从头再生受到了显著的抑制[45],但是微重力下原生质体再生速率和细胞分裂均与地球重力下的对照没有区别,分析原因认为空间细胞分裂需要代谢产生的能量可能较小[32]。细胞周期主要由细胞周期素(cyclines)和细胞周期素依赖性激酶(cycline−dependent kinases)来调控。空间动物细胞研究表明cyclin D1对于细胞微重力响应有关键作用[54],然而,关于微重力对于植物细胞周期调控的基因表达的报道非常少,尚未形成统一的结论。
空间生菜株高增加且叶色加深[55],大豆主根和侧根长度、鲜重均高于地面对照[56],亚麻幼苗的根生物量也呈现类似提升[57],然而,也有不利的结果,如芝麻菜(Eruca Sativa mills)在微重力下出现萌发率下降、幼苗细弱及干重降低[58],白菜(Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis)则表现为株高降低和叶片数目减少[59]。作者研究组观察到空间站生长的水稻叶与主茎的夹角显著增大,此外,与地面对照相比,空间水稻叶片难以绕开障碍物,呈现螺旋状缠绕(图3(b)),因而,难以在空间最大化地伸展和排布,以获取更多的光能,植株的生长量也显著低于地面对照。拟南芥“种子到种子”全周期培养发现,微重力显著抑制花序轴伸长(图3)和点头运动[60]。此外,空间发育的拟南芥侧枝的数目较地面对照显著增加,但是,由于主茎细长,果荚的数目却显著少于地面对照(图3(e))。这些矛盾现象表明,植物对微重力的形态响应存在复杂的调控机制。
1983年,苏联科学家在“礼炮7号”空间站第一次完成拟南芥“从种子到种子”全生命周期的培养实验[61],证明在太空微重力环境中植物能够完成从受精卵到胚胎发育,并形成有活力的种子。在过去30年,空间植物培养的最主要成就之一是完成了“从种子到种子”全生命周期的实验(表1)。Kuang等[62]报道了油菜种子在“和平号”空间站微重力条件下萌发生长成正常的植株并收获了有活力的种子。第一个在空间成功培养的禾本科植物是小麦。目前有文字报道关于空间小麦实验共有11次,其中2次完成了“从种子到种子”全生命周期的实验。1996年9月至1997年2月,在“和平号”空间站上,种植104粒超矮小麦,经过123 d空间生长,抽出约100个穗,但未能在空间站结出种子[63]。直到2011年8—12月,在国际空间站再次尝试空间小麦“从种子到种子”实验,经过90 d的培养,第一次在空间站获得了有活力的小麦种子[64]。2000年以来,在国际空间站进行了数次拟南芥“从种子到种子”的生长繁殖实验[6567]。Link等[68]认为只要空间培养条件得当,拟南芥在空间微重力条件下可以完成从种子萌发到开花结实的整个过程,但是从他们的实验结果中也反映出微重力条件下发育的拟南芥有约20%的植株没有抽薹,另外有近1/2的果荚中没有结种子。
2006年9月,在中国“实践八号”卫星留轨舱中,对青菜的抽薹、开花和授粉情况进行了为期21 d实时观察和图像记录[69]。2016年4月“实践十号”返回式卫星中的拟南芥和水稻生长与开花实验,也表明空间微重力环境中开花与授粉均受到影响,增加空气流通可能使其得到改善。2016年中国首次在“天宫二号”空间实验室中完成了拟南芥从“种子到种子”的实验,并应用了绿色荧光蛋白标记开花基因,观察了长日与短日条件下开花基因的表达情况,结果显示空间微重力条件下植物的光周期反应发生了明显的改变,开花较地面对照延迟了20多d[7071]。2022年7—11月,中国在空间站问天实验舱生命生态实验柜中首次在轨完成水稻“从种子到种子”全生命周期的空间培养实验,并进行了再生稻培养,获得59粒成熟的有活力的种子[72]
到目前为止,国际上在空间微重力环境中成功进行植物生殖生长研究仍然十分有限,尤其是微重力影响植物生长发育的关键因素仍然不清楚,很多问题尚未找到解决办法,例如在空间微重力条件下长期生长的植物往往表现为发育迟缓,有的植物到开花期就死亡,或即使开花也有很多植株不能结实等[7377]。长期连续多代植物空间培养能否保持遗传稳定性?空间植物通过无性繁殖能否获得更强的空间环境适应性?其再生能力是否受到影响?这些问题尚需要更长时间空间植物多代培养实验来研究。
为探索广阔宇宙,拓展人类生存发展的疆域,开发和利用无尽的地外空间资源,确保人类的生存和可持续发展,重返月球、登陆火星、建立月球或火星基地,甚至飞向更遥远的星球等计划相继提出。然而,人类在地球上的生存、发展已经历亿万年,今天的人类文明有赖于地球独特环境。如果人类飞出地球,离开这个环境,到空间或其他星球,能不能生存?如何才能生存?因此就提出了如何保障人类长期太空生活所必需的粮食、氧气和水的问题。
要解决这些问题,需要进行大量的空间实验,了解在空间环境中植物特有的生命活动现象,发展新空间植物培养技术、新方法和新设备,最终实现粮食作物在太空中的最佳生长和高效生产,为人类地外生存提供保障。经过1万多年的栽培和选育,农作物为人类提供了充足的粮食、纤维素、木材、花卉以及饲养动物所需的饲料,并逐步改善了地球的生态环境,使地球成为人类美好的家园。那么,当人类走出地球后,能否通过农作物的生产来保障人类地外生存所需的粮食?如何才能种植出高效优质的农作物?
月球是无可用水、无氧的真空环境,而火星只有极其稀薄的大气层,因此,人类登陆月球和火星开展科学探索与太空旅行均需要人造环境的支持,尤其是氧气和粮食的供给。从地球向月球和火星进行长期的物资补给因其极高的成本将会异常困难。要实现长期载人深空探测和地外驻留,首先要解决的问题是如何建立一个安全可靠高效的受控生命生态保障系统(controlled ecological life support system,CELSS)。CELSS是以绿色植物为中心的系统,绿色植物可进行光合作用,为人类提供食物、氧气和纯净水。此前对于CELSS的研究基本都是致力于生物再生生态环控生保系统,以地球生物圈的基本结构和功能为参考,组合和运用“生产者”“消费者”和“分解者”之间的关系,旨在形成一种全封闭的、完全自给和自主循环的生命保障系统,如苏联的Bios−3(20世纪70年代,实验面积315 m2),美国早年研发的“生物圈1号”“生物圈2号”(20世纪90年代,实验面积1.28×104 m2)和行星生物再生生保系统试验综合体(20世纪90年代,实验面积2000 m2),日本的“微型地球”实验设施(Mini−Earth或Biosphere−J,实验面积5000 m2),欧洲航天局建造的微型人工生态生命保障系统(micro−ecological life support system alternative,MELiSSA),以及中国北京航空航天大学在地面建造的“月宫一号”,深圳太空科技南方研究院建造的“绿航星际”受控生态生保系统等。然而,这些研究中植物学的很多概念仍然不太明确,提出的系统设计均局限于地球环境生态系统的理论,因此,在较小的人造环境尺度上难以保持长时间的自主可持续循环运行。
在太空环境的微(低)重力环境中,植物生长发育发生了巨大的改变,尤其是细胞壁成分中木质素和纤维素的含量显著下降,可能使原来在地面上不可食用的植物茎秆和叶片变得可食用,甚至“全株可食”。由此,粮食生产过程中,作物的废弃物将显著减少,大大地减少“分解者”环节,从而可以显著提高环境资源和能量的利用率。此外,随着植物光合作用机理的解析、人工光源技术的改进,以及基因工程等生物技术的应用,未来空间植物的生产效率将得到极大地提高。地球重力环境中进化而来的植物已高度适应地球的生态环境。未来空间的CELSS中重力环境会发生很大的改变,其中的作物栽培必须打破源自地球生态系统的惯性思维,考虑“模块化”生产之路。目前MELiSSA系统使用相互连接的隔离舱概念更接近于模块化概念,代表着一种新型的CELSS概念。在深空探索初始阶段,可以考虑小范围、便捷高效的并可以人工严格控制的模块化原位粮食生产的技术途径。在此基础上,逐步发展超现代的太空农业生产技术,最终实现工厂化的地外原位粮食生产。
新的环境与新的栽培模式给太空农业的植物设计提出了多维度的要求。在植物株型优化方面,受限于密闭空间的高密度种植模式易诱发避荫反应,导致叶片相互遮挡引发的光合效率下降和减产问题,要求作物须具备紧凑的株型特征。在营养利用效率提升方面,鉴于太空环境中水肥资源的高度稀缺性,作物需通过双重改良策略实现资源最大化利用:一方面对根系进行靶向改良,增强其矿质元素吸收能力与水分利用效率;另一方面需重视根际微生物组的协同作用,这些共生体系在促进养分转化与循环利用方面具有不可忽视的增效作用。在星际航行环境下,不仅需要优化植物的营养利用,更需要实现对光能的高效转化。由于恒星辐射在宇宙空间中具有普适性特征,光能可被视为近乎无限的可持续资源。在此条件下,光合作用转化效率成为核心制约因子,需通过突破其理论极限值,实现作物产能的极大增长,从而构建更高效的太空农业生态系统。此外,利用微重力环境资源对太空作物进行精准设计,例如,创制全株可食、代谢途径可控、营养物质高度富集和超低废弃物等新型的超级作物。
结合已有的空间植物学研究,提出未来太空农业的超级农作物改造策略的设想。
一是提高光合作用效率。能量不会凭空产生,更高的产量就势必要求植物有更大的生物量,作物目前的光合作用效率普遍低于1%,尚有极大提升空间[78]。在过去30多年,围绕保证1名航天员食品要求的最小种植面积进行了大量的研究,认为光照强度和光谱是决定最小种植面积的关键因素。有研究指出粮食作物,如小麦在控制条件下每平方米每天可生产150 g干物质(2000株/m2,生活周期79 d),假定可有效地收获50%的干物质,按食用与总干重比例41.7%计算,16 m2的种植面积每天可生产500 g粮食,足够1名航天员的粮食需求。水稻比小麦的产量至少高1倍,8 m2即可保证1名航天员的粮食需求。在改造植物本身方面,有多重策略。例如,扩展植物的吸收光谱,如含有在远红外光谱区域吸收色素的蓝藻对光能利用的可及性可扩展到750 nm波长范围,可有效增加20%的光吸收[84]。然而,过多的光将会激发植物的光保护机制,非光化学猝灭可将过剩的光能以热能的形式进行耗散,虽然可有效保护植物免受活性氧的伤害,但同时也限制了光合作用效率,通过调节并改善非光化学猝灭动力学将有效提升光合效率[85]。除此之外,Rubisco酶作为光合作用的关键酶,其催化效率较为低下,通过蛋白质工程和定向进化等技术能提高Rubisco酶的活性和稳定性,从而提升其固碳能力[86]
二是削减抗逆的能量消耗。全球的农作物每年仅因为病虫害导致的产量损失就高达11%~30%[87],所以在传统的农业生产中,抗逆是重要的组成部分。然而植物的抗逆和生长过程是互斥的,植物抗病过程中会激发一系列不同层次的防卫反应,需要消耗大量的能量和代谢物质,往往会影响植物生长发育的能量和代谢物的分配[8889]。如何权衡植物抗逆和产量让生物学家进退两难。在地外定殖的过程中,这将不再成为一个选择难题。由于植物的生长环境受到严格的调控,虫害、病害或非生物胁迫都可以通过智能化控制得以消除,让有限的能量向生产端倾斜将会是最优选择。
三是调控植物的代谢途径。纤维素作为地球上含量最大的有机物,人类无法直接消化纤维素,因而不能直接食用。另外,在口感上,过多的纤维素使植物难以下咽,所以如果通过削减植物中纤维素的含量,将其改造得更为适口,例如,看似无用的水稻茎叶(俗称稻草)能否通过降低纤维素和木质素含量,成为餐桌上的蔬菜,为太空中生活的人类提供更多的能量与维生素营养,最大化增加可食比例,减少废弃物。已有的研究表明,与地球植物相比,低(微)重力条件下植物细胞壁中木质素和纤维素含量显著下降,植物不需要过多细胞壁提供支撑[44]。从理论上讲,通过调控植物代谢途径,减少细胞壁成分的合成,充分利用包括谷物、蔬菜和水果在内的可食用植物的合成潜能,最终可实现地外粮食原位生产。
当前空间植物学实验已从研究“植物在空间能否存活?”“能否正常繁殖?”到“能否在空间连续多代繁殖?”这是人类对生命的太空生存极限的重要探索。未来随着人类深空探测技术的进步和地外基地的建立,要求植物不仅能够长期定殖于地外环境中,并且必须实现“高效、高质、高产”。因此,植物进入太空环境后产生的“航天综合症”能否通过其适应性机制逐步得到解决?还是可以跨代遗传给下一代,出现一代不如一代的退化现象?例如根系缺失重力引导的定向生长导致营养吸收不足、茎秆发育弱化、重力调控的激素和营养物质转运改变以及籽粒营养成分积累减少等问题,都将严重影响植物在空间生命生态支持系统中作用的发挥,这些问题亟待解答,同时也为未来改造及应用太空植物指明了方向。
中国目前已成功建立空间站,并提出在2030年前实现载人登月,随着中国载人深空探测的持续快速发展,相信登陆火星也不再遥远。一个开拓人类生存空间,利用空间资源造福人类的时代正在到来。然而,随着人类不断向深空挺进,始终存在着一个无法回避的问题——只有通过空间农作物的种植才能真正解决人类长期空间探索的粮食保障问题。空间微重力是研究重力对植物生长发育作用和植物向重性反应作用机制最有效的环境,中国空间站太空实验室的建立将为植物学家提供宝贵的科研平台和研究机会,将更多的植物带入太空中,解析包括微重力在内的太空环境对植物的影响和机制,并期待这些研究成果在未来的太空农业的构建中发挥重要作用。
  • 中国空间站工程空间应用系统项目(YYWT−0801−EXP−02)
  • 中国空间站工程空间应用系统项目(SM1−0057)
  • 国家自然科学基金面上项目(32271277)
  • 国家自然科学基金面上项目(32471283)
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
[1]
Blancaflor E B, Masson P H. Plant gravitropism. Unraveling the ups and downs of a complex process[J]. Plant Physiol, 2003, 133(4): 1677-1690.
[2]
Leitz G, Kang B H, Schoenwaelder M E A, et al. Statolith sedimentation kinetics and force transduction to the cortical endoplasmic reticulum in gravity−sensing Arabidopsis columella cells[J]. The Plant Cell, 2009, 21(3): 843-860.
[3]
Sato E M, Hijazi H, Bennett M J, et al. New insights into root gravitropic signalling[J]. Journal of Experimental Botany, 2015, 66(8): 2155-2165.
[4]
Kiss J Z, Sack F D. Severely reduced gravitropism in dark−grown hypocotyls of a starch−deficient mutant of Nicotiana sylvestris[J]. Plant Physiology, 1990, 94(4): 1867-1873.
[5]
Vitha S, Zhao L, Sack F D. Interaction of root gravitropism and phototropism in Arabidopsis wild−type and starchless mutants[J]. Plant Physiology, 2000, 122(2): 453-462.
[6]
Vitha S, Yang M, Sack F D, et al. Gravitropism in the starch excess mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana[J]. American Journal of Botany, 2007, 94(4): 590-598.
[7]
Kuznetsov O A, Hasenstein K H. Intracellular magnetophoresis of amyloplasts and induction of root curvature[J]. Planta, 1996, 198(1): 87-94.
[8]
Tsugeki R, Fedoroff N V. Genetic ablation of root cap cells in Arabidopsis[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 1999, 96(22): 12941-12946.
[9]
Sievers A, Kramer−Fischer M, Braun M, et al. The polar organization of the growing Chara rhizoid and the transport of statoliths are actin−dependent[J]. Botanica Acta, 1991, 104(2): 103-109.
[10]
Limbach C, Hauslage J, Schfer C, et al. How to activate a plant gravireceptor. Early mechanisms of gravity sensing studied in characean rhizoids during parabolic flights[J]. Plant Physiology, 2005, 139(2): 1030-1040.
[11]
Yoder T L, Zheng H Q, Todd P, et al. Amyloplast sedimentation dynamics in maize Columella cells support a new model for the gravity−sensing apparatus of roots[J]. Plant Physiology, 2001, 125(2): 1045-1060.
[12]
Zheng H Q, Staehelin L A. Nodal endoplasmic reticulum, a specialized form of endoplasmic reticulum found in gravity−sensing root tip Columella cells[J]. Plant Physiology, 2001, 125(1): 252-265.
[13]
Kriegs B, Theisen R, Schnabl H. Inositol 1, 4, 5−trisphosphate and Ran expression during simulated and real microgravity[J]. Protoplasma, 2006, 229(2/3/4): 163-174.
[14]
Andreeva Z, Barton D, Armour W J, et al. Inhibition of phospholipase C disrupts cytoskeletal organization and gravitropic growth in Arabidopsis roots[J]. Planta, 2010, 232(5): 1263-1279.
[15]
Perera I Y, Hung C Y, Brady S, et al. A universal role for inositol 1, 4, 5−trisphosphate−mediated signaling in plant gravitropism[J]. Plant Physiology, 2006, 140(2): 746-760.
[16]
Mugnai S, Pandolfi C, Masi E, et al. Oxidative stress and NO signalling in the root apex as an early response to changes in gravity conditions[J]. BioMed Research International, 2014, 2014: 834134.
[17]
Chen J Y, Yu R B, Li N, et al. Amyloplast sedimentation repolarizes LAZYs to achieve gravity sensing in plants[J]. Cell, 2023, 186(22): 4788−4802. e15.
[18]
Adamowski M, Friml J. PIN−dependent auxin transport: Action, regulation, and evolution[J]. The Plant Cell, 2015, 27(1): 20-32.
[19]
Raven J A. Transport of indoleacetic acid in plant cells in relation to pH and electrical potential gradients, and its significance for polar iaa transport[J]. New Phytologist, 1975, 74(2): 163-172.
[20]
Band L R, Wells D M, Fozard J A, et al. Systems analysis of auxin transport in the Arabidopsis Root apex[J]. The Plant Cell, 2014, 26(3): 862-875.
[21]
Wang H Z, Yang K Z, Zou J J, et al. Transcriptional regulation of PIN genes by FOUR LIPS and MYB88 during Arabidopsis root gravitropism[J]. Nature Communications, 2015, 6: 8822.
[22]
Uga Y, Sugimoto K, Ogawa S, et al. Control of root system architecture by DEEPER ROOTING 1 increases rice yield under drought conditions[J]. Nature Genetics, 2013, 45(9): 1097-1102.
[23]
Wang Y H, Li J Y. Molecular basis of plant architecture[J]. Annual Review of Plant Biology, 2008, 59: 253-279.
[24]
Zhao L, Tan L B, Zhu Z F, et al. PAY1 improves plant architecture and enhances grain yield in rice[J]. The Plant Journal, 2015, 83(3): 528-536.
[25]
Moleshko G, yan Anton' A, Sycheyev V, et al. The effects of space flight factors on the pigment system of one−celled algae[J]. USSR Space Life Science Digest, 1991, 31: 43-45.
[26]
Laurinavichius R, Yaroshyus A, Marchyukaytis A, et al. Metabolism of pea plants grown under space flight conditions[J]. USSR Space Life Science Digest, 1986, 4: 23-25.
[27]
Brown C S, Piastuch W C. Starch metabolism in germinating soybean cotyledons is sensitive to clinorotation and centrifugation[J]. Plant, Cell & Environment, 1994, 17: 341−344.
[28]
Moore R, McClelen C E, Fondren W M, et al. Influence of microgravity on root−cap regeneration and the structure of Columella cells in Zea mays[J]. American Journal of Botany, 1987, 74(2): 218-223.
[29]
Jiao S X, Hilaire E, Paulsen A Q, et al. Brassica rapa plants adapted to microgravity with reduced photosystem I and its photochemical activity[J]. Physiologia Plantarum, 2004, 122(2): 281-290.
[30]
Monje O, Richards J T, Carver J A, et al. Hardware validation of the advanced plant habitat on ISS: Canopy photosynthesis in reduced gravity[J]. Frontiers in Plant Science, 2020, 11: 673.
[31]
Popova A F. Comparative characteristic of mitochondria ultrastructural organization in Chlorella cells under altered gravity conditions[J]. Advances in Space Research, 2003, 31(10): 2253-2259.
[32]
Hampp R, Hoffmann E, Schnherr K, et al. Fusion and metabolism of plant cells as affected by microgravity[J]. Planta, 1997, 203(Suppl): S42-S53.
[33]
Zhang Y, Zheng H Q. Changes in plastid and mitochondria protein expression in Arabidopsis Thaliana callus on board Chinese spacecraft SZ−8[J]. Microgravity Science and Technology, 2015, 27(6): 387-401.
[34]
Wolff S A, Coelho L H, Zabrodina M, et al. Plant mineral nutrition, gas exchange and photosynthesis in space: A review[J]. Advances in Space Research, 2013, 51(3): 465-475.
[35]
Zhang Y, Wang L H, Xie J Y, et al. Differential protein expression profiling of Arabidopsis thaliana callus under microgravity on board the Chinese SZ−8 spacecraft[J]. Planta, 2015, 241(2): 475-488.
[36]
Yamazaki C, Yamazaki T, Kojima M, et al. Comprehensive analyses of plant hormones in etiolated pea and maize seedlings grown under microgravity conditions in space: Relevance to the International Space Station experiment "Auxin Transport"[J]. Life Sciences in Space Research, 2023, 36: 138-146.
[37]
Kwon T, Sparks J A, Nakashima J, et al. Transcriptional response of Arabidopsis seedlings during spaceflight reveals peroxidase and cell wall remodeling genes associated with root hair development[J]. American Journal of Botany, 2015, 102(1): 21-35.
[38]
Vandenbrink J P, Kiss J Z, Herranz R, et al. Light and gravity signals synergize in modulating plant development[J]. Frontiers in Plant Science, 2014, 5: 563.
[39]
Xie J Y, Wang L H, Zheng H Q. Molecular basis to integrate microgravity signals into the photoperiodic flowering pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana under spaceflight condition[J]. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2022, 23(1): 63.
[40]
Kamal K Y, Herranz R, van Loon J J W A, et al. Simulated microgravity, Mars gravity, and 2g hypergravity affect cell cycle regulation, ribosome biogenesis, and epigenetics in Arabidopsis cell cultures[J]. Scientific Reports, 2018, 8(1): 6424.
[41]
Paul A L, Zupanska A K, Ostrow D T, et al. Spaceflight transcriptomes: Unique responses to a novel environment[J]. Astrobiology, 2012, 12(1): 40-56.
[42]
Cowles J R, Scheld H W, Lemay R, et al. Growth and lignification in seedlings exposed to eight days of microgravity[J]. Annals of Botany, 1984, 54(Suppl 3): 33-48.
[43]
Levine L H, Heyenga A G, Levine H G, et al. Cell−wall architecture and lignin composition of wheat developed in a microgravity environment[J]. Phytochemistry, 2001, 57(6): 835-846.
[44]
Hoson T, Soga K, Mori R, et al. Stimulation of elongation growth and cell wall loosening in rice coleoptiles under microgravity conditions in space[J]. Plant & Cell Physiology, 2002, 43(9): 1067-1071.
[45]
Jost A K, Hoson T, Iversen T H. The utilization of plant facilities on the international space station−the composition, growth, and development of plant cell walls under microgravity conditions[J]. Plants, 2015, 4(1): 44-62.
[46]
Molas M L, Kiss J Z. Phototropism and gravitropism in plants[J]. Advances in Botanical Research. 2009: 1−34.
[47]
Blancaflor E B. Regulation of plant gravity sensing and signaling by the actin cytoskeleton[J]. American Journal of Botany, 2013, 100(1): 143-152.
[48]
Morita M T. Directional gravity sensing in gravitropism[J]. Annual Review of Plant Biology, 2010, 61: 705-720.
[49]
Nakashima J, Liao F, Sparks J A, et al. The actin cytoskeleton is a suppressor of the endogenous skewing behaviour of Arabidopsis primary roots in microgravity[J]. Plant Biology, 2014, 16(Suppl 1): 142-150.
[50]
Soga K, Yamazaki C, Kamada M, et al. Modification of growth anisotropy and cortical microtubule dynamics in Arabidopsis hypocotyls grown under microgravity conditions in space[J]. Physiologia Plantarum, 2018, 162(1): 135-144.
[51]
Shymanovich T, Vandenbrink J P, Herranz R, et al. Spaceflight studies identify a gene encoding an intermediate filament involved in tropism pathways[J]. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 2022, 171: 191-200.
[52]
Matía I, González−Camacho F, Herranz R, et al. Plant cell proliferation and growth are altered by microgravity conditions in spaceflight[J]. Journal of Plant Physiology, 2010, 167(3): 184-193.
[53]
Sieberer B J, Kieft H, Franssen−Verheijen T, et al. Cell proliferation, cell shape, and microtubule and cellulose microfibril organization of tobacco BY−2 cells are not altered by exposure to near weightlessness in space[J]. Planta, 2009, 230(6): 1129-1140.
[54]
Huang P, Piatkowski B T, Cherukuri Y, et al. Impact of spaceflight on gene expression in cultured human mesenchymal stem/stromal cells[J]. PLoS One, 2025, 20(3): e0315285.
[55]
Shen Y Z, Guo S S, Zhao P S, et al. Research on lettuce growth technology onboard Chinese Tiangong II Spacelab[J]. Acta Astronautica, 2018, 144: 97-102.
[56]
Levine H G, Piastuch W C. Growth patterns for etiolated soybeans germinated under spaceflight conditions[J]. Advances in Space Research, 2005, 36(7): 1237-1243.
[57]
Levine H G, Anderson K, Boody A, et al. Germination and elongation of flax in microgravity[J]. Advances in Space Research, 2003, 31(10): 2261-2268.
[58]
Colla G, Battistelli A, Proietti S, et al. Rocket seedling production on the international space station: Growth and nutritional properties[J]. Microgravity Science and Technology, 2007, 19(5): 118-121.
[59]
Zheng H Q, Wei N, Chen A D, et al. Live imaging technique for studies of growth and development of Chinese cabbage under microgravity in a recoverable satellite (SJ−8)[J]. Microgravity Science and Technology, 2008, 20(2): 137-143.
[60]
Wu Y Y, Xie J Y, Wang L H, et al. Circumnutation and growth of inflorescence stems of Arabidopsis thaliana in response to microgravity under different photoperiod conditions[J]. Life, 2020, 10(3): 26.
[61]
Merkies A I. Complete cycle of individual development of Arabidopsis thaliana Heynh plants at Salyut orbital station[J]. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR, 1983, 271: 509-512.
[62]
Kuang A, Xiao Y, McClure G, et al. Influence of microgravity on ultrastructure and storage reserves in seeds of Brassica rapa L[J]. Annals of Botany, 2000, 85(6): 851-859.
[63]
Levinskikh M A, Sychev V N, Derendyaeva T A, et al. Analysis of the spaceflight effects on growth and development of Super Dwarf wheat grown on the Space Station Mir[J]. Journal of Plant Physiology, 2000, 156(4): 522-529.
[64]
Baranova E N, Levinskikh M A, Gulevich A A. Wheat space odyssey: "from seed to seed". kernel morphology[J]. Life, 2019, 9(4): 81.
[65]
Kamada M, Omori K, Nishitani K, et al. JAXA space plant research on the ISS with European modular cultivation system[J]. Biological Sciences in Space, 2007, 21(3): 62-66.
[66]
Karahara I, Suto T, Yamaguchi T, et al. Vegetative and reproductive growth of Arabidopsis under microgravity conditions in space[J]. Journal of Plant Research, 2020, 133(4): 571-585.
[67]
Link B M, Busse J S, Stankovic B. Seed−to−seed−to−seed growth and development of Arabidopsis in microgravity[J]. Astrobiology, 2014, 14(10): 866-875.
[68]
Link B M, Durst S J, Zhou W, et al. Seed−to−seed growth of Arabidopsis thaliana on the international space station[J]. Advances in Space Research, 2003, 31(10): 2237-2243.
[69]
郑慧琼, 魏宁, 陈爱地, . 空间飞行与回转器回旋条件下青菜开花与花粉发育的研究[J]. 空间科学学报, 2008, 28(1): 80-86.
[70]
王丽华, 谢俊燕, 张岳, . 空间培养箱中实时观察GFP标记开花基因表达方法与技术[J]. 空间科学学报, 2016, 36(4): 562-565.
[71]
Wang L H, Xie J Y, Mou C H, et al. Transcriptomic analysis of the interaction between FLOWERING LOCUS T induction and photoperiodic signaling in response to spaceflight[J]. Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, 2022, 9: 813246.
[72]
Jia C X, Zheng W B, Liu F W, et al. Biological culture module for plant research from seed−to−seed on the Chinese Space Station[J]. Life Sciences in Space Research, 2024, 42: 47-52.
[73]
Merkys A J, Laurinavičius R S, Švegždiene D V. Plant growth, development and embryogenesis during Salyut−7 flight[J]. Advances in Space Research, 1984, 4(10): 55-63.
[74]
Strickland D, Campbell W, Salisbury F, et al. Morphological assessment of reproductive structures of wheat grown on Mir[J]. Gravitational and Space Biology Bulletin, 1997, 11: 14.
[75]
De Micco V, Pascale De S, Paradiso R, et al. Microgravity effects on different stages of higher plant life cycle and completion of the seed−to−seed cycle[J]. Plant Biology, 2014, 16(Suppl 1): 31-38.
[76]
Kuang A X, Musgrave M E, Matthews S W. Modification of reproductive development in Arabidopsis thaliana under spaceflight conditions[J]. Planta, 1996, 198(4): 588-594.
[77]
Musgrave M E, Kuang A, Xiao Y, et al. Gravity independence of seed−to−seed cycling in Brassica rapa[J]. Planta, 2000, 210(3): 400-406.
[78]
Croce R, Carmo−Silva E, Cho Y B, et al. Perspectives on improving photosynthesis to increase crop yield[J]. Plant Cell, 2024, 36(10): 3944-3973.
[79]
Sychev V N, Levinskikh M A, Gostimsky S A, et al. Spaceflight effects on consecutive generations of peas grown onboard the Russian segment of the International Space Station[J]. Acta Astronautica, 2007, 60(4/5/6/7): 426-432.
[80]
Stutte G W, Monje O, Hatfield R D, et al. Microgravity effects on leaf morphology, cell structure, carbon metabolism and mRNA expression of dwarf wheat[J]. Planta, 2006, 224(5): 1038-1049.
[81]
Zheng H Q, Wang L H, Xie J Y. Life Science in Space: Experiments on Board the SJ−10 Recoverable Satellite[M]. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019: 189-204.
[82]
Su S H, Levine H G, Masson P H. Brachypodium distachyon seedlings display accession−specific morphological and transcriptomic responses to the microgravity environment of the International Space Station[J]. Life, 2023, 13(3): 626.
[83]
Xie J Y, Zhu J C, Wang L H, et al. Potential regulatory modules to integrate microgravity signals into flowering pathways in Arabidopsis thaliana grown in space[J]. npj Microgravity, 2025, 11(1): 52.
[84]
Blankenship R E, Chen M. Spectral expansion and antenna reduction can enhance photosynthesis for energy production[J]. Current Opinion in Chemical Biology, 2013, 17(3): 457-461.
[85]
Souza De A P, Burgess S J, Doran L, et al. Soybean photosynthesis and crop yield are improved by accelerating recovery from photoprotection[J]. Science, 2022, 377(6608): 851-854.
[86]
Wilson R H, Avila Martin− E, Conlan C, et al. An improved Escherichia coli screen for Rubisco identifies a protein−protein interface that can enhance CO2−fixation kinetics[J]. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2018, 293(1): 18-27.
[87]
He Z H, Webster S, He S Y. Growth–defense trade−offs in plants[J]. Current Biology, 2022, 32(12): R634-R639.
[88]
Karasov T L, Chae E, Herman J J, et al. Mechanisms to mitigate the trade−off between growth and defense[J]. The Plant Cell, 2017, 29(4): 666-680.
[89]
Ning Y S, Liu W D, Wang G L. Balancing immunity and yield in crop plants[J]. Trends in Plant Science, 2017, 22(12): 1069-1079.
2026年第44卷第10期
PDF下载
191
88
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2025.05.00057
  • 接收时间:2025-05-12
  • 首发时间:2026-06-15
  • 出版时间:2026-05-28
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2025-05-12
  • 修回日期:2025-12-19
基金
中国空间站工程空间应用系统项目(YYWT−0801−EXP−02)
中国空间站工程空间应用系统项目(SM1−0057)
国家自然科学基金面上项目(32271277)
国家自然科学基金面上项目(32471283)
作者信息
    1中国科学院分子植物科学卓越创新中心,上海 200032
    2中国科学院大学,北京 100049

通讯作者:

郑慧琼(通信作者),研究员,研究方向为空间生物技术和植物细胞工程,电子信箱:
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2025.05.00057
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏