Article(id=1208362391054693354, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, issueId=1208362378329174732, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2025.04.00118, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1745424000000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-24, revisedDate=1753372800000, revisedDateStr=2025-07-25, acceptedDate=1758816000000, acceptedDateStr=2025-09-26, onlineDate=1766025644315, onlineDateStr=2025-12-18, pubDate=1760284800000, pubDateStr=2025-10-13, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1764000000000, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-25, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1766025644315, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774080095592, updator=sys-migrate, issue=Issue{id=1208362378329174732, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, year='2025', volume='43', issue='19', pageStart='1', pageEnd='136', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1760284800000', pubDateStr='2025-10-13', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1766025641281, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1778551765812, updator='13041195026', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1260900752743064342, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, issueId=1208362378329174732, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1260900752743064343, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, issueId=1208362378329174732, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=44, endPage=51, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1208362391990023166, articleId=1208362391054693354, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, language=EN, title=Overexpression of GmGT2A enhances salt tolerance in soybean (Glycine max), columnId=1208362379369362126, journalTitle=Science & Technology Review, columnName=Exclusive: Crop Genetic Improvement for Tolerance to Saline-Alkali and Other Environmental Stresses, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The Trihelix transcription factor GT2A plays a critical regulatory role in plant responses to abiotic stress. This study aimed to investigate the response of the soybean GmGT2A gene to salt stress and explore its physiological mechanisms in soybean salt stress adaptation. Using the 'Williams 82' cultivar as experimental material, the GmGT2A gene was obtained via homologous cloning. A plant overexpression vector was constructed, and transgenic soybean lines were generated using an Agrobacterium−mediated genetic transformation system. Following preliminary screening with Bar test strips, PCR detection, Southern blot single−copy identification, and RT−qPCR validation, physiological response differences between transgenic and wild−type plants under salt stress were systematically compared. Results demonstrated that under salt stress, comparing to control plants, GmGT2A−overexpressing soybean lines exhibited significantly improved germination rates, seedling salt tolerance indices, and fresh weight. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) in leaves increased by 1.28− to 1.44−fold, while malondialdehyde (MDA) content decreased by 38.06%. Ion homeostasis analysis revealed reduced Na+ accumulation in transgenic roots, enhanced K+ retention capacity, and a decreased Na+/K+ ratio to 61% of the control. In conclusion, the GmGT2A gene may improve soybean salt tolerance by regulating antioxidant enzyme activities and ion homeostasis. This study provides bases for the genetic improvement of soybean stress tolerance.

, authors=null, authorsList=Jia WEI, Xu ZHU, Qin'an CAI, Rui MA, Zhijing YU, Xiangdong YANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Zhijing YU, Xiangdong YANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=All rights reserved. Unauthorized reproduction is prohibited., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1208362393474805837, articleId=1208362391054693354, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, language=CN, title=过表达GmGT2A基因提高大豆耐盐性, columnId=1150494642375586098, journalTitle=科技导报, columnName=特色专题, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Trihelix转录因子GT2A在植物响应非生物胁迫过程中发挥重要的调控作用。以Williams 82大豆品种为材料,通过同源克隆获得GmGT2A基因,构建植物过表达载体并利用农杆菌介导的大豆遗传转化体系创制转基因株系。经Bar试纸条初筛、PCR检测、Southern blot单拷贝鉴定及RT−qPCR验证后,系统比较了盐胁迫下转基因与野生型植株的生理响应差异。结果显示,盐胁迫条件下,与对照植株相比,过表达GmGT2A大豆株系的发芽率、苗期耐盐指数以及鲜重显著提高,叶片中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性提高1.28~1.44倍,丙二醛(MDA)含量降低38.06%,离子稳态分析表明转基因植株根系Na+积累量减少,K+保持能力提升,Na+/K+ 降至对照61%。GmGT2A基因可能通过调节抗氧化酶活性以及离子动态平衡,从而在一定程度上提高了大豆的耐盐性。本研究结果为大豆抗性遗传改良奠定了基础。

, authors=

魏嘉,副研究员,研究方向为作物抗逆生物育种,电子信箱:

朱旭(共同第一作者),助理研究员,研究方向为作物生物育种,电子信箱:

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于志晶(通信作者),副研究员,研究方向为植物生物技术,电子信箱:
杨向东(共同通信作者),研究员,研究方向为作物抗逆生物育种,电子信箱:
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International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2023, 24(8): 7441., articleTitle=OsJRL40, a Jacalin−related lectin gene, promotes salt stress tolerance in rice, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1242145242774843445, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208362391054693354, awardId=null, language=CN, fundingSource=吉林省农业科技创新工程项目(CXGCZD002);农业部转基因生物新品种培育重大专项(2016ZX08004002−009), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1242145238605706235, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208362391054693354, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242145238614094844, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208362391054693354, companyId=1242145238605706235, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Northeast Agricultural Research Center of China), Changchun 130033, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242145238626677757, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208362391054693354, companyId=1242145238605706235, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=吉林省农业科学院(中国农业科技东北创新中心),农业生物技术研究所,长春 130033)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1242145240547668006, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208362391054693354, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=3/r4PERZsw9LO6UfZp71/w==, figureFileBig=pzfETfjJiECTCSS1J7VU+w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242145240606388263, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208362391054693354, language=CN, label=图1, caption=植物表达载体pCAMBIA3300−GT2A示意, figureFileSmall=3/r4PERZsw9LO6UfZp71/w==, figureFileBig=pzfETfjJiECTCSS1J7VU+w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242145240686080040, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208362391054693354, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=9cx8Pop9CIrSeG2sAfrlJA==, figureFileBig=UL5FQypj6IOgVhrIXPp7ww==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242145240740605993, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208362391054693354, language=CN, label=图2, caption=GmGT2A基因大豆材料分子生物学检测

(a) Bar试纸条检测(−为对照材料,1~9分别为转基因大豆不同单株);(b) GmGT2A基因PCR检测(M为DNA marker,“+”为质粒阳性对照,“H”为ddH2O,“−”为对照材料,1~7分别为转基因大豆不同单株);(c) southern杂交结果

(“+”为质粒阳性对照,“−”为对照材料,1~8分别为转基因大豆不同单株);(d) GmGT2A基因的相对表达量

(WT为对照材料,L2和L4为转基因大豆不同株系)

, figureFileSmall=9cx8Pop9CIrSeG2sAfrlJA==, figureFileBig=UL5FQypj6IOgVhrIXPp7ww==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242145240803520554, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208362391054693354, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=SxuxN7UfMAbSY+YhWuOzZA==, figureFileBig=zFDL0xMazivHqnnKv+j68A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242145240858046508, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208362391054693354, language=CN, label=图3, caption=GmGT2A基因大豆芽期和苗期耐盐表型分析(300 mmol/L Nacl处理7 d)

(a)~(c)分别为T2~T4代转基因大豆株系L4在盐胁迫条件下种子萌发情况;(d)~(f)分别为T2~T4代转基因大豆株系L4在盐胁迫条件下苗期生长情况;(g)~(i) T2~T4代转基因大豆株系L2和L4在盐胁迫条件下种子发芽率、苗期耐盐指数和鲜重,WT为对照材料,

*为在P<0.05水平差异显著,**为在P<0.01水平差异显著。下图同

, figureFileSmall=SxuxN7UfMAbSY+YhWuOzZA==, figureFileBig=zFDL0xMazivHqnnKv+j68A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242145240920961069, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208362391054693354, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=aNKCBUJ7Z6TDLvUdr7brmQ==, figureFileBig=SiAabJpMvsXQYMtWyF7MnQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242145240979681326, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208362391054693354, language=CN, label=图4, caption=GmGT2A基因大豆株系L2和L4在盐胁迫条件下(300 mmol/L NaCl 处理7 d)苗期叶片中的MDA含量(a)及抗氧化酶SOD(b),POD(c)和CAT(d)活性, figureFileSmall=aNKCBUJ7Z6TDLvUdr7brmQ==, figureFileBig=SiAabJpMvsXQYMtWyF7MnQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242145241042595887, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208362391054693354, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=8O3Xn4ZIqXJ52rJTWG8c1Q==, figureFileBig=9QWLmIlDtEzMxPYCadraUQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242145242502213682, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208362391054693354, language=CN, label=图5, caption=盐胁迫(300 mmol/L NaCl处理7 d)对转GmGT2A基因大豆材料苗期根系Na+含量(a),K+含量(b)和Na+/K+比值的影响, figureFileSmall=8O3Xn4ZIqXJ52rJTWG8c1Q==, figureFileBig=9QWLmIlDtEzMxPYCadraUQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242145242577711155, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208362391054693354, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
引物名称
序列(5'−3’)
片段大小/bp
GmGT2A−JC−FGTGGATTGATGTGATATCTCCACTG600
GmGT2A−JC−RCCGAACACGGAACCGCGTTCAG
GmGT2A−qRT−FGACGATGACCGGAATCCCG127
GmGT2A−qRT−RGCCGAGGCATTGATAAGGTTA
GmActin−qRT−FGAGCTATGAATTGCCTGATGG118
GmActin−qRT−RCGTTTCATGAATTCCAGTAGC
), ArticleFig(id=1242145242640625716, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208362391054693354, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

引物序列

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
引物名称
序列(5'−3’)
片段大小/bp
GmGT2A−JC−FGTGGATTGATGTGATATCTCCACTG600
GmGT2A−JC−RCCGAACACGGAACCGCGTTCAG
GmGT2A−qRT−FGACGATGACCGGAATCCCG127
GmGT2A−qRT−RGCCGAGGCATTGATAAGGTTA
GmActin−qRT−FGAGCTATGAATTGCCTGATGG118
GmActin−qRT−RCGTTTCATGAATTCCAGTAGC
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过表达GmGT2A基因提高大豆耐盐性
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魏嘉 , 朱旭 , 蔡勤安 , 马瑞 , 于志晶 * , 杨向东 *
科技导报 | 特色专题 2025,43(19): 44-51
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科技导报 |特色专题 2025 , 43 (19) : 44 -51
过表达GmGT2A基因提高大豆耐盐性
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魏嘉 , 朱旭 , 蔡勤安, 马瑞, 于志晶* , 杨向东*
作者信息
  • 吉林省农业科学院(中国农业科技东北创新中心),农业生物技术研究所,长春 130033
通讯作者:
于志晶(通信作者),副研究员,研究方向为植物生物技术,电子信箱:
杨向东(共同通信作者),研究员,研究方向为作物抗逆生物育种,电子信箱:
Overexpression of GmGT2A enhances salt tolerance in soybean (Glycine max)
Jia WEI , Xu ZHU , Qin'an CAI, Rui MA, Zhijing YU* , Xiangdong YANG*
Affiliations
  • Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Northeast Agricultural Research Center of China), Changchun 130033, China
出版时间: 2025-10-13 doi: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2025.04.00118
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Trihelix转录因子GT2A在植物响应非生物胁迫过程中发挥重要的调控作用。以Williams 82大豆品种为材料,通过同源克隆获得GmGT2A基因,构建植物过表达载体并利用农杆菌介导的大豆遗传转化体系创制转基因株系。经Bar试纸条初筛、PCR检测、Southern blot单拷贝鉴定及RT−qPCR验证后,系统比较了盐胁迫下转基因与野生型植株的生理响应差异。结果显示,盐胁迫条件下,与对照植株相比,过表达GmGT2A大豆株系的发芽率、苗期耐盐指数以及鲜重显著提高,叶片中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性提高1.28~1.44倍,丙二醛(MDA)含量降低38.06%,离子稳态分析表明转基因植株根系Na+积累量减少,K+保持能力提升,Na+/K+ 降至对照61%。GmGT2A基因可能通过调节抗氧化酶活性以及离子动态平衡,从而在一定程度上提高了大豆的耐盐性。本研究结果为大豆抗性遗传改良奠定了基础。

栽培大豆  /  GT2A基因  /  转基因  /  耐盐性

The Trihelix transcription factor GT2A plays a critical regulatory role in plant responses to abiotic stress. This study aimed to investigate the response of the soybean GmGT2A gene to salt stress and explore its physiological mechanisms in soybean salt stress adaptation. Using the 'Williams 82' cultivar as experimental material, the GmGT2A gene was obtained via homologous cloning. A plant overexpression vector was constructed, and transgenic soybean lines were generated using an Agrobacterium−mediated genetic transformation system. Following preliminary screening with Bar test strips, PCR detection, Southern blot single−copy identification, and RT−qPCR validation, physiological response differences between transgenic and wild−type plants under salt stress were systematically compared. Results demonstrated that under salt stress, comparing to control plants, GmGT2A−overexpressing soybean lines exhibited significantly improved germination rates, seedling salt tolerance indices, and fresh weight. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) in leaves increased by 1.28− to 1.44−fold, while malondialdehyde (MDA) content decreased by 38.06%. Ion homeostasis analysis revealed reduced Na+ accumulation in transgenic roots, enhanced K+ retention capacity, and a decreased Na+/K+ ratio to 61% of the control. In conclusion, the GmGT2A gene may improve soybean salt tolerance by regulating antioxidant enzyme activities and ion homeostasis. This study provides bases for the genetic improvement of soybean stress tolerance.

Glycine max L.  /  GT2A  /  transgenic  /  salt tolerance
魏嘉, 朱旭, 蔡勤安, 马瑞, 于志晶, 杨向东. 过表达GmGT2A基因提高大豆耐盐性. 科技导报, 2025 , 43 (19) : 44 -51 . DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2025.04.00118
Jia WEI, Xu ZHU, Qin'an CAI, Rui MA, Zhijing YU, Xiangdong YANG. Overexpression of GmGT2A enhances salt tolerance in soybean (Glycine max)[J]. Science & Technology Review, 2025 , 43 (19) : 44 -51 . DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2025.04.00118
土壤盐碱化作为全球性生态问题,已严重威胁农业可持续发展[12]。全球超过1/3的灌溉土地正遭受不同程度的盐碱胁迫,中国盐碱地面积约1亿hm2,年增1.5%,年均粮损超300亿kg,危及耕地红线和粮食安全[3]。大豆(Glycine max L.)作为中国重要的粮油作物,属于中度盐敏感。盐害会引起其Na+介导的离子稳态失调、活性氧(ROS)代谢网络崩溃以及光合电子传递链损伤,导致减产降质[4],因此,大豆耐盐性改良是实现长期稳产的重要基础。目前,转基因技术已成为大豆性状改良的核心驱动力,其种植面积占全球转基因作物近半(48%),耐盐大豆品系种植面积较2015年激增370%,在阿根廷盐碱区、巴西干旱带形成规模化种植集群[5],该技术已成为创制抗性大豆种质资源的重要途径之一。
植物通过激活涵盖生理代谢、生化途径及分子信号的多维度响应网络应对复杂环境胁迫。其中,转录因子作为植物抗逆应答的核心枢纽,通过特异性结合下游靶基因启动子的顺式作用元件(如W−box、MYB结合位点等)动态调控基因表达。以耐盐性为例,它们不仅直接激活离子稳态相关基因(如SOS1、NHX1),还协同调控渗透保护物质合成及ROS清除系统,从而维持细胞动态平衡。Trihelix转录因子作为植物胁迫应答网络的枢纽调控元件,其表达具有环境响应特异性[611]。研究表明,过表达Trihelix转录因子,例如拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh.)GT−4[12]、水稻(Oryza sativa L.)OsGTγ−1[13]、棉花(Gossypium hirsutumGT−2[14]/GhGT29[15]/GhRT26[16]/GhGT23[17]、桂花(Osmanthus fragrans (Thunb.) Lour.OfGT3/OfGT42/OfGT46[18]能显著增强植物的耐盐性(及抗旱性),其机制涉及调控下游抗逆基因表达、激活ROS清除系统等。
本研究通过农杆菌介导的大豆子叶节遗传转化体系,将大豆Trihelix转录因子基因(GmGT2A)导入大豆栽培品种中,通过连续多代的分子鉴定以及耐盐性相关生理指标的测定,初步探讨目的基因在大豆中的功能,并且培育耐盐碱大豆新品种,为提升盐碱地利用率、促进中国大豆农业发展提供支撑。
本研究以大豆常规栽培品种Williams 82为遗传转化受体材料,并作为盐胁迫实验的对照材料,所涉及的实验菌株及载体系统包括:大肠杆菌DH5α(Escherichia coli)、农杆菌EHA105(Agrobacterium tumefaciens)以及植物表达载体pCAMBIA3300,上述材料均由吉林省农业科学院(中国农业科技东北创新中心)农业生物技术研究所大豆生物技术研究团队提供并保存。
基于GenBank数据库(登录号:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov)收录的大豆基因组信息,本研究选取GmGT2A基因开放阅读框序列为靶标。通过南京金斯瑞生物科技公司完成目的基因的合成及表达载体pCAMBIA3300−GmGT2A的构建(图1)。经DNA测序验证载体构建成功后,采用冻融法将重组质粒导入农杆菌EHA105感受态细胞,制备工程菌株用于后续转化实验。最终通过农杆菌介导的大豆子叶节遗传转化体系成功获得转GmGT2A基因大豆植株。
本研究通过多级筛选体系鉴定单拷贝转基因大豆株系:首先采用除草剂(草铵膦)初筛获得转化候选株系;继而通过Bar基因试纸条快速检测初步验证外源基因表达;随后运用PCR(Polymerase Chain Reaction)技术特异性扩增目的基因片段确认转基因整合;进一步利用Southern blot分子杂交技术精准鉴定单拷贝整合株系[19];最终通过逆转录−聚合酶链反应(reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction,RT−qPCR)定量分析目标基因表达水平。本研究分子实验采用标准流程进行基因表达分析:RNA提取使用全式金生物公司的EasyPure PlantRNA Kit试剂盒,随后通过TransScript One−Step gDNA Removal and cDNA Synthesis SuperMix试剂盒完成基因组DNA去除及cDNA合成。定量检测采用TransStart Top Green qPCR SuperMix(SYBR Green法)在ABI QuantStudio 3实时荧光定量PCR系统上进行,每个反应设置3个重复。通过熔解曲线分析验证扩增特异性,采用2−ΔΔCt相对定量法解析盐胁迫下目的基因的表达水平。探针序列为:GmGT2A−TZ−F: 5'−GGCGGCTCCGCGGCGGTCT−3'; GmGT2A−TZ−R: 5'−CTCGCCGTGCTCGGAACCG−3'。所用引物序列见表1
挑选籽粒饱满、表面光滑的对照材料以及转基因大豆种子,每个处理组设置20粒种子。将种子置于铺有双层灭菌滤纸的9 cm培养皿中,加入300 mmol/L的NaCl溶液进行盐胁迫处理:首日注液至完全浸没种子,次日移除过量溶液,此后每日补充等浓度溶液维持湿度。处理7 d后统计发芽率,每个材料设置3次重复。发芽率的计算方式为:
发芽率=(发芽种子数/供试种子总数)×100%
以温室培育的转基因及非转基因大豆幼苗(V3时期)为研究对象,采用基质培养法进行试验。种子播种于草炭土填充的标准化塑料培养箱(49 cm×40 cm×20 cm),在人工气候室中控制生长参数:光周期16/8 h(昼/夜),昼夜温控(24±1)℃/(20±1)℃,相对湿度(70±5)%。待植株生长至三叶期时,进行300 mmol/L NaCl溶液处理。持续处理7 d后进行表型观测,具体指标包括3点:(1) 生物量测定:剪取整株测定鲜重后,105℃杀青30 min,75℃烘干至恒重记录干重。(2) 耐盐指数(STI)计算:STI=(总干重/对照植株总干重)×100%。(3) 生理指标采集:取倒三叶速冻于液氮,−80℃保存备测。所有实验均设置3次独立生物学重复。
对照材料与转基因大豆株系盐胁迫处理7 d后,分别采用分光光度法和比色法测定植物生理指标。参照梦犀生物医药科技有限公司(www.mychbio.com)试剂盒说明书,系统检测叶片丙二醛(MDA)积累量,同时测定叶片过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性。对于离子含量分析,将烘至恒重的植株根系样品经粉碎机处理,过60目筛后精确称取100 mg样品,加入20 mL去离子水沸水浴提取2.5 h,经滤纸过滤后定容至50 mL,采用火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定Na+、K+浓度(检测波长分别为589.0和766.5 nm)。所有实验均设置3个独立生物学重复,数据以均值±标准误表示。
本研究采用SPSS 16.0统计软件进行数据分析。通过单因素方差分析(ANOVA)结合LSD(least significant difference)法多重比较法进行组间差异显著性检验,显著性阈值设定为P<0.05和P<0.01。数据可视化通过SigmaPlot 10.0绘图软件完成,图表中采用不同星号标记法分别标注组间差异显著性。
本研究基于农杆菌介导的大豆子叶节遗传转化体系,成功获得转GmGT2A基因大豆植株。通过连续3代T2−T4 Bar试纸条快速筛选(图2(a)),进一步通过GmGT2A基因特异性引物进行PCR分子验证,在600 bp处成功扩增出目标条带(图2(b)),初步证明外源基因整合到受体大豆基因组中,针对转基因作物常见的多拷贝插入问题,采用Southern blot技术进行拷贝数分析,经Hind Ⅲ酶切后与特异性探针杂交,最终筛选出多个单拷贝插入的纯合株系(图2(c))。为评估基因表达的时空稳定性,对T2~T4代株系开展RT−qPCR检测,结果显示GmGT2A基因在转基因株系叶片中的相对表达量达到对照组的18.96~20.53倍,且多代间表达水平保持稳定(图2(d))。该系列遗传特征明确、表达稳定的转基因材料,为后续功能研究提供了理想的实验材料。
通过连续3代(T2~T4)实验观察转GmGT2A基因对大豆耐盐性的影响,研究发现:在300 mmol/L NaCl处理7 d后,单拷贝转基因大豆株系L4的种子发芽率显著高于对照材料(图3(g)),表型分析显示,盐胁迫下转基因株系L2和L4种子萌发进程明显优于对照组(图3(a)~(c))。进一步研究苗期耐盐性发现,当V3期植株经300 mmol/L盐处理7 d后,转基因植株L4仍能维持正常生长状态,而对照植株则表现出株高降低和叶片萎蔫等典型盐害表型(图3(d)~(f))。转基因植株L2和L4鲜重较对照显著提高(图3(i)),同时其STI显著高于对照材料(图3(h))。证实GmGT2A基因在大豆中过表达能显著提升大豆在盐胁迫条件下的萌发能力和幼苗生长势。
通过对连续3代(T2~T4)转基因大豆株系L2和L4进行生理指标分析发现,盐胁迫处理7 d后,转基因大豆株系L2和L4叶片MDA含量较对照显著降低38.06%(图4(a)),表明其质膜过氧化损伤程度明显减轻。抗氧化系统检测显示,转基因大豆株系POD、SOD和CAT活性分别较对照提升1.28倍、1.32倍和1.44倍(图4(b)~(d)),证实其抗氧化胁迫能力显著增强。离子稳态分析表明,转基因植株根系K+含量较对照提高50.52%(图5(b)),而Na+积累量降低23.46%(图5(a)),最终使Na+/K+比值下降至对照组的0.61倍(图5(c))。这些数据从氧化应激响应和离子平衡调控2个维度揭示,GmGT2A过表达通过增强抗氧化酶活性、维持离子动态平衡等协同机制,显著提升了大豆植株的系统性耐盐能力。
传统育种技术选育抗逆品种存在周期长、效率低的局限[20],而转基因技术通过精准导入目标基因突破种间遗传屏障,显著提升作物性状改良效率[21]。Trihelix转录因子家族作为植物逆境应答调控网络的重要调控节点,其时空特异性与胁迫诱导特征[2227],尤其GT−1、GT−2和GTγ亚类通过调控下游胁迫响应基因,在植物应对干旱、低温及盐害等非生物胁迫中发挥核心作用,是作物抗逆改良的重要靶点[2829]。本研究通过农杆菌介导的大豆子叶节转化方法,将大豆Trihelix转录因子GmGT2A基因导入栽培大豆“Willimas 82”,经多代筛选获得单拷贝插入株系(图2(a)~(c)),有效避免多拷贝导致的基因沉默风险。RT−qPCR检测证实该基因在T2~T4代叶片中的稳定高表达(图2(d)),表明本研究构建的遗传转化体系可靠。单拷贝整合株系的优势在于其遗传背景相对均一,有利于后续表型与机制的精准解析。本研究中,在盐胁迫条件下,转基因株系萌发率、苗期生物量和耐盐指数的显著提升(图3(g)~(i)),与前人研究成果相似[19],推测GmGT2A对大豆不同发育阶段的耐盐性均具有正向调控作用。
为了解析盐胁迫响应机制,本研究通过生理表征探索其调控规律,结果发现:转基因株系通过增强抗氧化酶系统构建了防御机制,表现为POD、SOD、CAT活性提升1.28~1.44倍(图4(c)~(d)),MDA含量降低38.06%(图4(a)),有效减轻氧化损伤,与已报道的耐盐基因(如GmMYC2LPeCPK7、GmCLC−d1/d2、ThSOS3)作用机制一致[3033];同时优化离子稳态,表现为转基因大豆株系根系Na+/K+比降至对照的0.61倍,图5(c),根系Na+外排与K+保持能力的提升(图5(a)~(b)),这与前人对于耐盐相关基因(如PeCPK7[31]GMNTL1[34]NtWRKY[35]TCP9−like[36]、OSJRL40[37])研究结果趋势相一致,推测GmGT2A可能通过调控离子转运蛋白(如SOS1、HKT1或NHX家族)维持离子平衡,这一发现为解析GmGT2A的具体分子功能提供了重要线索。尽管本研究在实验室条件下初步验证了GmGT2A的功能,但其田间耐盐性及产量相关性状仍需进一步评估;此外,GmGT2A的具体作用靶点及其与ABA等通路的互作机制有待结合转录组学、蛋白互作筛选等手段深入解析。
本研究通过农杆菌介导的转基因技术成功获得了稳定整合GmGT2A基因的大豆株系,基于转GmGT2A基因大豆的系统分析,得出以下结论。
1) 成功建立农杆菌介导的GmGT2A基因大豆转化体系,经连续3代筛选获得单拷贝纯合株系。
2) 转基因株系在盐胁迫下表现出系统性耐盐优势:萌发阶段(300 mmol/L NaCl)发芽率提升显著,苗期(300 mmol/L NaCl)维持正常生长表型,鲜重增加且耐盐指数显著优于对照。
3) GmGT2A过表达通过激活抗氧化防御系统,使POD、SOD、CAT活性提升1.28~1.44倍,MDA含量降低38.06%,有效缓解氧化损伤;通过重构离子动态平衡,调控根系K+吸收增加50.52%,抑制Na+积累23.46%,Na+/K+降至对照61%。
  • 吉林省农业科技创新工程项目(CXGCZD002);农业部转基因生物新品种培育重大专项(2016ZX08004002−009)
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2025年第43卷第19期
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doi: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2025.04.00118
  • 接收时间:2025-04-24
  • 首发时间:2025-12-18
  • 出版时间:2025-10-13
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  • 收稿日期:2025-04-24
  • 修回日期:2025-07-25
  • 录用日期:2025-09-26
基金
吉林省农业科技创新工程项目(CXGCZD002);农业部转基因生物新品种培育重大专项(2016ZX08004002−009)
作者信息
    吉林省农业科学院(中国农业科技东北创新中心),农业生物技术研究所,长春 130033

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于志晶(通信作者),副研究员,研究方向为植物生物技术,电子信箱:
杨向东(共同通信作者),研究员,研究方向为作物抗逆生物育种,电子信箱:
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2025.04.00118
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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